浅谈现代临床药学的发展及研究

目的 浅谈我国现在临床药学,总结临床药学的发展及研究.方法 通过多年实际工作经验对比国内临床药学工作人员,取其长,补其短.结合实际工作环境,提了一些改革措施.结果 作为国内医院药学工作之重,临床药物学工作的改进已成为重中之重.结论 作为临床药学工作人员应广泛吸收外来知识,为临床药学工作的改革进微薄之力.     

浅析我国医院药学的发展趋势

随着医疗体制改革的深入,医院实行医药分家已势在必行。作为一名药学工作者,对未来医院药学的发展应具有一定的前瞻性。重点对不同历史时期国内外医院药学模式转变进程的比较,展望未来医院药学的发展前景与人才需求,促进医院药学的不断前进,为未来医院药学的发展做出自己的贡献。     

药学专业《物理化学》教学方法改革的探索与实践

《物理化学》作为药学专业基础课,与药学专业课和药学研究关系密切。通过加强理论知识与实际应用,特别是药学实践的联系和融合,不断推进教学方法改革,以激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。     

加强物理化学与药学融合的教改方法探讨

物理化学作为药学专业基础课,与药学专业课和药学研究关系密切,为了加强物理化学与药学的融合,在教学改革过程中通过改革教学内容、开设开放性实验、设立专题讲座三方面提出了一些见解。     

药学计量特色新专业的班主任工作

中国计量学院药学计量特色专业为新办专业,主要培养具有扎实药学基础、较强药学计量能力的新型人才为目标,服务于国家医药质量振兴事业。但作为新办专业,在人才培养过程中会遇到诸多问题,班主任作为教育活动的主要参与者,要深入领会药学计量特色专业的内涵,在人才培养活动中开拓性地开展工作。本文就班主任在药学计量特色专业教育活动中的工作谈几点看法。     

探究对肿瘤患者实施中药药学服务的可行性

随着医疗服务水平的不断提高以及药学技术的发展,医院加强药学服务可保障合理用药、提高用药安全性。中药药学服务作为药学服务的分支,是药学服务的重要内容,其以中医药理为依据,通过明确中药四气、五味、归经与中医辨证之间的关系,以提高用药合理性、安全性及有效性[1]。中药治疗作为缓解肿瘤症状、抑制肿瘤复发的有效手段,合理运用有助于延长患者生存时间,提高生存质量,而中药药学服务是保证用药质量的关键所在,加强中药药学服务可全面提升就医质量[2]。     

临床药学专业药学文献检索课程教学探索与实践

药学文献检索作为临床药学专业一门重要的专业必修课,其教学质量直接影响学生的科研素养和后续毕业论文的质量。根据我校临床药学专业的培养目标和教学特点,通过整合课程体系,优化教学方案和内容,调动学生学习的积极性和主动性,提高临床药学专业药学文献检索课程的教学效果。     

明确药学人才培养目标培养新世纪中初级药学人才

随着医药事业的蓬勃发展,药学专业人才短缺、结构不合理的矛盾日益凸现。医药产业不仅需要高素质的高等药学人才,而且需要大量的技能型和实用型中初级药学人才。这对中等职业药学教育培养社会所需求的中初级药学人才提出了新任务、新要求。作为中等职业学校,应该以培养技能型和实用型中初级药学人才为目标,不断探讨技能型和实用型药学人才的培养途径和方式,培养出适应21世纪医药发展所需要的中初级药学人才。     

分析药学心理学在药学保健中的应用

药学心理学是以药学、心理学作为基本理论的一门学科,是通过非药物自身信息对患者进行刺激,以获得治疗效果的学科.通过将药学管理与疾病诊断、临床治疗结合在一起,不仅可以提高药学技术的服务质量,也可以提高医院的医疗服务质量.本文对药学保健过程中药学心理学的应用进行了综述,以不断提高药学心理学的重视程度,更好地为患者服务.     

药学专业卫生士官实验报告批改方式的探索与实践

实验课在药学专业卫生士官人才培养中具有重要地位和作用,实验报告的书写是实验课教学的一个重要环节,通过教员精批细改、学员交互批改、改变批改符号和评语、批改后交流反馈、择优存档保存等方式保证实验报告书写的质量,提高实验课教学效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.