子宫内膜癌及癌前病变手术前后诊断符合率的探讨

目的探讨子宫内膜癌及癌前病变手术前后诊断符合率,以期正确分期并制定治疗方案及手术范围.方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的子宫内膜癌和癌前病变147例临床和病理资料,术前行分段诊刮、常规诊刮、阴道B超、子宫腔镜下活检、CT检测,进行术前病理诊断及临床分期,术中剖视子宫判断肌层浸润深度和子宫颈受累情况,并与术后病理诊断比较.结果癌前病变在手术前后的诊断符合率为51.4%,内膜癌Ⅰ期72.3%,Ⅱ期50.0%,Ⅲ期12.5%,Ⅳ期0%.术前B超诊断子宫腔病变的敏感率为98.7%,内膜癌的符合率75.5%,子宫颈累及和子宫肌层浸润符合率分别为39.2%和36.5%.诊刮符合率为86.8%,分段诊刮对子宫颈受累符合率为73.9%.术中剖视判断子宫颈受累及深浅肌层浸润符合率为62.9%、40.7%和82.4%.术前子宫腔镜下活检符合率为100.0%.CT检查可正确诊断肌层浸润的深度(7/7)和腹腔脏器及淋巴结转移(3/3).结论对于40岁以上不规则阴道出血和月经紊乱者,应常规B超检查及子宫腔镜下分段诊刮,可提高内膜癌及癌前病变的诊断符合率.对于内膜癌患者行CT检查,可了解肌层浸润深度及腹腔脏器和淋巴结转移情况,术中标本剖视检查子宫颈及肌层浸润情况,并快速冰冻病理再次确诊子宫颈和子宫肌层浸润程度及组织学类型、分级,确定手术范围,进行合理治疗.     

磁共振成像在子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润深度判定中的作用（依照新修订的FIGO分期系统）

目的：评价在新修订的FIGO分期系统下,磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）在子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润深度判定中的作用。方法：对36例子宫内膜癌进行术前MRI分期和肌层浸润深度判定,并与手术病理分期对照。结果：MRI术前分期诊断准确率为91.7%（33/36）。MRI诊断无肌层侵犯、浅肌层侵犯和深肌层侵犯的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为50%、85.7%、77.8%;84.4%、76.5%、80.6%;80.0%、100%、94.4%。MRI区分Ⅰa期（无肌层侵犯和浅肌层侵犯）和Ⅰb期（深肌层浸润）的诊断准确率为94.4%（34/36）。结论：MRI对子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润深度的判断准确率较高,具有很高的应用价值。     

子宫内膜癌的预后影响因素分析

背景与目的:子宫内膜癌的预后影响因素较多,但其中仅有少数因素对预后构成独立影响。本研究的目的在于探讨子宫内膜癌的独立预后影响因素。方法:对我院1990年1月至2000年12月间初治时行手术治疗的265例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,预后相关因素采用单因素分析及多因素相关回归分析,并进行逐步筛查。结果:本组病例的5年无瘤生存率及总生存率分别为83.3%和84.3%。单因素分析显示:临床分期、手术-病理分期、病理分级、组织学类型、肌层浸润深度、宫颈受累、淋巴结转移、腹腔液性质、脉管瘤栓及附件转移与5年无瘤生存率及总生存率有显著性相关(P<0.05),年龄、合并症因素与预后无显著性相关(P>0.05)。经多因素分析后得出,手术-病理分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度及宫颈受累4个因素对子宫内膜癌患者的5年无瘤生存率及总生存率均产生显著性影响(P<0.05),临床分期仅对5年无瘤生存率有显著性影响(P<0.001),而对总生存率无显著性影响(P=0.074)。肌层浸润>50%者远处转移率(12.9%)明显高于≤50%者(0.6%)(P<0.001)。宫颈受累者的淋巴结转移率(21.1%)明显高于宫颈未受累者(3.6%)(P<0.001)。结论:FIGO分期、病理分级、肌层浸润深度及宫颈受累是子宫内膜癌独立的预后影响因素。在估计预后方面,手术-病理分期     

子宫内膜癌临床病理特征与盆腔淋巴结转移的相关性

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌临床病理特征与盆腔淋巴结转移的相关性.方法 选取100例子宫内膜癌患者为研究对象,分析患者临床病理特征及其与盆腔淋巴结转移的相关性.结果 19例子宫内膜癌患者出现盆腔淋巴结转移,盆腔淋巴结转移与子宫内膜癌病理类型、病理分期、宫颈受累及肌层浸润、脉管浸润等有关(P＜0.05).结论 子宫内膜癌病理类型为非内膜样癌、肌层浸润及脉管浸润程度深、病理分期程度低及宫颈受累与盆腔淋巴结转移存在相关性.     

子宫内膜癌临床病理特点与淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌临床病理特点与淋巴结转移的相关性.方法 选取76例子宫内膜癌患者为研究对象,分析该类患者的临床病理资料特点,并探究其与淋巴结转移的相关性.结果 76例中有15例子宫内膜癌患者发生淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移的影响因素有宫颈受累、肌层浸润、脉管浸润、病理类型及病理分期等.结论 肌层浸润或脉管浸润程度深,病理分期程度低以及宫颈受累与子宫内膜癌患者淋巴结转移密切相关.     

子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴清扫术35例转移因素分析

目的研究子宫内膜癌的临床表现、病理特点及子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴转移的相关因素。方法回顾性分析35例行盆腔淋巴清扫术的子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料。结果病理分级越高、肌层浸润〉1／2、有子宫颈浸润或附件浸润者盆腔淋巴转移的比例更高。而绝经前与绝经后之间、不同病理类型之间盆腔淋巴转移发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论低分化、深肌层浸润、子宫颈浸润、附件浸润、远处转移是子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴转移的高危因素。     

磁共振成像在子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润深度判定中的作用(依照新修订的FIGO分期系统)

目的:评价在新修订的FIGO分期系统下,磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)在子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润深度判定中的作用。方法:对36例子宫内膜癌进行术前MRI分期和肌层浸润深度判定,并与手术病理分期对照。结果:MRI术前分期诊断准确率为91.7%(33/36)。MRI诊断无肌层侵犯、浅肌层侵犯和深肌层侵犯的敏感性、特异性、准确率分别为50%、85.7%、77.8%;84.4%、76.5%、80.6%;80.0%、100%、94.4%。MRI区分Ⅰa期(无肌层侵犯和浅肌层侵犯)和Ⅰb期(深肌层浸润)的诊断准确率为94.4%(34/36)。结论:MRI对子宫内膜癌术前分期及肌层浸润深度的判断准确率较高,具有很高的应用价值。     

106例子宫内膜癌术后联合放射治疗疗效及预后因素分析

[目的]探讨子宫内膜癌手术后辅助放射治疗的疗效及其预后因素。[方法]接受术后辅助放疗的子宫内膜癌患者106例，直线加速器盆腔野体外照射，24例加阴道施源器HDR腔内后装治疗。按患者年龄、手术病理分期、肌层浸润、病理类型、病理分级、淋巴结转移6个观察指标分析与5年生存率的关系。[结果]全组5年生存率53．6％。年龄、手术病理分期、肌层浸润、病理类型、淋巴结转移与术后生存率显著相关（P〈0．05），病理分级与生存率无明显相关（P〉0．05）。[结论]子宫内膜癌手术后辅助放射治疗的疗效肯定，年龄、手术病理分期、肌层浸润、病理类型、淋巴结转移是影响子宫内膜癌生存率的预后因素。     

子宫内膜癌预后相关因素的多元回归分析

目的 探索影响子宫内膜癌患者预后的相关因素及各因素间关系,系统评估其预后因素,制定合理的治疗方案.方法 回顾分析86例患者的临床资料、病理资料,采用单因素和多因素分析方法,研究影响子宫内膜癌患者预后的相关因素及各因素间关系.结果 单因素分析表明:临床分期、宫颈受累情况、腹腔细胞学情况、手术-病理分期、组织学类型、病理分级、肌层浸润、雌孕激素受体表达、淋巴结处理、术后辅助治疗、附件转移、淋巴管转移情况是影响子宫内膜癌预后的相关因素.多因素回归分析表明:手术-病理分期、组织学类型、病理分级、肌层浸润深度、宫颈受累情况是影响子宫内膜癌预后的独立因素.结论 手术-病理分期、组织学类型、宫颈受累情况、病理分级、肌层浸润深度是子宫内膜癌独立的预后影响因素.     

123例子宫内膜癌的预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌的预后相关因素。方法:回顾性分析1996年1月至2006年12月汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院收治的123例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料,并随访患者生存情况,进行生存及预后分析。结果:123例子宫内膜癌患者总体5年生存率为90.2%。单因素分析显示:病理组织分级、病理类型、深肌层浸润、腹水细胞学阳性、附件转移、淋巴结转移、手术-病理分期及术后放化疗等因素与预后相关(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示:手术-病理分期、深肌层浸润以及是否行腹膜后淋巴结切除术与预后相关(P<0.05)。结论:子宫内膜癌总体生存率高,手术-病理分期、肌层受累程度以及是否行腹膜后淋巴结切除术是影响子宫内膜癌预后的独立因素。     

子宫内膜癌患者盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的临床意义

目的 分析子宫内膜癌患者盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的临床意义.方法 选取子宫内膜癌患者71例为研究对象,行盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术,分析患者术后临床特征,以及影响患者盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的危险因素.结果 对盆腔及腹主动脉旁淋巴结患者行切除术后淋巴结转移率较低,分别为21.2%和23.9%,且患者术后并发症较少,仅为7例;线性回归分析提示,影响盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素有肿瘤中低分化、深度肌层浸润、临床分期及脉管浸润,而影响腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的独立危险有肿瘤低分化、非子宫内膜样癌、深度肌层浸润、盆腔淋巴结转移及淋巴管浸润;71例患者随访1年生存率为87.32%,且发生盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移患者的生存率明显低于无淋巴结转移者.结论 盆腔加腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除,有利于提高子宫内膜癌患者的临床治疗效果,而且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用.     

子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移相关因素分析

目的探讨子宫内膜癌患者盆腔淋巴转移的相关因素及其意义。方法子宫内膜癌247例分为伴有淋巴结转移组及不伴有淋巴结转移组,对两组病例的病理类型、病理分级、肌层浸润、宫颈间质浸润及脉管浸润的关系进行统计学分析。结果 伴有淋巴结转移中高分化者占28.57%,低分化占33.33%;不伴有淋巴结转移组中高分化占49.56%,低分化占12.83%,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。伴有淋巴结转移组中,无肌层浸润0例,肌层浸润深度<1/2占33.33%,肌层浸润深度≥1/2占66.67%,脉管浸润占47.62%,宫颈浸润占47.62%;不伴有淋巴结转移组中,无肌层浸润占11.5%,肌层浸润深度<1/2占66.81%,肌层浸润深度≥1/2占21.68%,脉管浸润占7.08%,宫颈浸润病例占7.96%,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论脉管浸润、宫颈间质浸润、肌层浸润深度≥1/2及低分化与子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移有相关性,是子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移的高危因素。     

系统性淋巴结清扫在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌治疗中的价值

目的:探讨系统性淋巴结清扫在Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌治疗中的价值.方法:对2006年1月-2013年1月在我院行系统的腹膜后淋巴结清扫术的286例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者进行回顾性分析.结果:286例患者中31例出现淋巴结转移,转移率为10.8％,盆腔淋巴结转移率为8.7％,腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移率为4.9％,其中所有淋巴结转移的患者中19.4％的患者未经盆腔淋巴结而直接转移至腹主动脉旁淋巴结.组织学分化程度、病理类型、肌层浸润深度、淋巴血管间隙浸润与淋巴结转移情况相关(P＜0.05).21例患者因淋巴结转移而分期升级,术后需要辅助化疗和/或放疗.结论:全面的分期手术可以明确淋巴结转移情况,准确提供预后相关信息,指导术后辅助治疗.     

Clinicopathological factors predicting retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and survival in endometrial cancer

BACKGROUND: By clarifying the significance of clinicopathological factors for retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and survival of patients with endometrial cancer, we suggest ideas for optimal treatment of this disease. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 310 women with endometrial cancer who underwent surgery with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. To evaluate retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, age-adjusted and multivariable analyses were carried out for six clinicopathological factors including pathological grade, myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, peritoneal cytology, lymphatic permeation and vascular invasion. To evaluate survival, besides the above factors, a positive rate of metastasis of dissected retroperitoneal lymph nodes was included. RESULTS: In 40 patients (13%) with nodal metastasis, the average positive rate of metastasis of dissected retroperitoneal lymph nodes was 22%. For retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, the odds ratio of deep myometrial invasion, cervical invasion and severe lymphatic permeation were 5.97, 2.72 and 12.01, respectively. For survival, the hazard ratios of the positive rates of metastasis of dissected retroperitoneal lymph nodes (both 25% and < 25%), positive peritoneal cytology and poor pathological grade were 7.10, 3.24, 3.82 and 3.27, respectively, and 5-year survival rates for them were 0, 50, 72 and 77%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, lymphatic permeation, deep myometrial invasion and cervical invasion were the independent prognostic factors. For survival, retroperitoneal lymph metastasis, poor pathological grades and positive peritoneal cytology were the independent prognostic factors. The positive rate of metastasis of dissected retroperitoneal lymph metastasis plays an important role in predicting survival of endometrial cancer. Lymph node biopsy is insufficient in treatment of this disease.      

舌鳞癌颈淋巴结转移的MRI诊断

背景与目的明确有无颈部淋巴结转移对舌癌的治疗与预后评价意义重大,单纯触诊诊断淋巴结转移的准确率难以令人满意,MRI越来越多地用于颈部淋巴结转移的评价。本研究旨在分析舌鳞癌颈淋巴结转移的MRI特点及规律,探讨MRI在诊断舌鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移中的作用。方法对92例舌鳞癌患者共448个颈部淋巴结区进行MRI鄄病理对照分析。结果448个淋巴结区中,166区(37.1%)病理为淋巴结转移,其中Ⅱ区最常受累,Ⅰ、Ⅱ区MRI诊断的假阳性率及假阴性率均较高。舌体鳞癌颈部淋巴结各区转移率与舌根鳞癌比较无统计学差异。76个淋巴结区有明确的淋巴结中央坏死,病理证实均为转移淋巴结。包膜外侵犯34区,MRI上淋巴结边缘不规则,周围脂肪带模糊、不完整,其中2例包绕颈内动脉。以淋巴结最小直径≥8mm,或中央坏死作为MRI诊断转移淋巴结的标准,敏感性79.5%,特异性90.4%,准确性86.4%。结论舌鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移以Ⅱ区最高,淋巴结的大小、有无中央坏死及边缘是否规则可作为MRI诊断的主要依据。MRI对于Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Ⅴ区诊断的淋巴结转移诊断准确性高,但对Ⅰ、Ⅱ区淋巴结转移诊断价值有限。     

Ovarian metastasis in patient with endometrial carcinoma

Objective： To study the clinical pathological characteristics of ovarian metastasis of endometrial carcinoma and the factors affecting prognosis. Methods： Retrospective analysis was made to the clinical pathological outcome of endometrial carcinoma patients receiving surgical treatment in our hospital from January 1990 to December 2002. Results： Among the 191 cases of endometrial carcinoma patients, 17 cases （8.9%） had ovarian metastasis and young patients were more likely to have ovarian metastasis. The multiple factor analysis showed that the independent risk factors of ovarian metastasis in endometrial carcinoma included the depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis and pathological types. Conclusion： Ovarian metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis, the depth of myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis and histologic types are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis. For young patients at early stage of the disease, it should be prudent as to whether to retain the ovary.     

Preoperative assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion in endometrial carcinoma: Comparison of multi-section dynamic MR imaging using a three dimensional FLASH technique and T2-weighted MR imaging

Introduction: We aimed to show the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging by comparing T2-weighted images and dynamic 3D MR images in the assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma. Methods: This prospective study included 53 women consecutively diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. The subjects were evaluated by TSE T2-weighted images and 3D FLASH-VIBE dynamic MR images by two radiologists with a special training in gynecology. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were calculated for each imaging modality with regard to assessment of myometrial and cervical invasion. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of TSE T2-weighted and dynamic 3D FLASH-VIBE MR imaging for the identification of any myometrial invasion were estimated as 64% and 84%, respectively. In the differentiation of deep myometrial invasion from the superficial invasion, the diagnostic accuracy of TSE T2-weighted and dynamic 3D FLASH-VIBE MR images were 75.5%, and 88.7%, respectively. Additionally, in the determining of deep myometrial invasion the sensitivity, the specifity, PPV, and NPV were 76%, 75%, 50%, and 90.9% on T2-weighted images, respectively; 100%, 85%, 68.4%, and 100% on dynamic 3D MR images, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of TSE T2-weighted and dynamic 3D FLASH-VIBE MR images for cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma were 86%, and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: The multiplanar capabilities of MRI are invaluable to evaluate spreading and margins of an endometrial mass, and the 3D dynamic MR techniques offer the advantages of increased coverage and high spatial resolution. Three dimensional dynamic MR imaging may be recommended in the especially postmenouposal cases before performing potentially curative treatments.