熊果酸通过靶向STAT3信号通路对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的保护作用（英文）

目的:研究熊果酸(UA)对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的实验性小鼠结肠炎模型的抗炎作用,旨在阐明其对肠上皮细胞(IEC)作用的可能分子机制。方法:在体内研究中,将体质量为20～22 g的雄性BALB/c小鼠15只采用随机数字表法分为正常对照组、DSS模型组、DSS+熊果酸治疗组。通过3%DSS诱导8 d,制备小鼠结肠炎模型;其中一组DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型采用UA预处理。各实验组的小鼠体质量和结肠长度分别采用物理天平和游标卡尺测定;参照临床疾病活动指数(DAI)评分法对小鼠进行评分。采用HE染色观察各组结肠组织病理学变化;通过ELISA法测定各组小鼠血液中血清淀粉样蛋白酶A和结肠组织中IL-6的水平。以IL-6刺激分化的Caco-2细胞制备体外人肠上皮细胞炎症模型,通过Western blot检测UA对肠上皮细胞IL-6/STAT3信号通路中STAT3磷酸化的影响。结果:(1)与正常对照组比较,DSS模型组的DAI评分增加、结肠长度缩短和组织损伤明显,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);与DSS模型组比较,UA显著抑制了DSS诱导的DAI评分增加、结肠长度缩短和组织学损伤,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)与正常对照组比较,DSS模型组的血清淀粉酶(SAA)水平和结肠组织中IL-6水平升高明显,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);与DSS模型组比较,UA可显著逆转DSS诱导的血清淀粉酶(SAA)水平和结肠IL-6水平的升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)与正常肠上皮细胞比较,IL-6刺激显著上调STAT3的磷酸化水平;而UA可显著抑制肠上皮细胞中IL-6诱导的STAT3磷酸化水平的增加,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:熊果酸可通过阻断IL-6/STAT3信号通路改善了DSS诱导的结肠炎,提示熊果酸在靶向治疗溃疡性结肠炎中可能具有临床应用潜力。     

重组硫酸软骨素蛋白SRPX2减轻小鼠葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎的作用

目的评价sushi重复蛋白X连锁2蛋白(SRPX2)在葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的实验性结肠炎小鼠中的作用及其可能机制。方法 DSS+SRPX2组,DSS组小鼠各5只,自第1天起给予5%DSS溶液自由饮用,分别给予SRPX2重组蛋白及0.9%氯化钠溶液腹腔注射5 d,至第6天处死小鼠。另设正常对照组(不予处理)。记录各组小鼠疾病活动度(DAI)评分、结肠组织学评分;检测结肠组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;分离固有层单个核细胞(LPMC),酶联免疫吸附实验法检测LPMC中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、核因子κB(NF-κB)的表达;比色法试剂盒检测N6-腺苷酸甲基化(m~6A)修饰的RNA的水平。结果 DSS组小鼠第5天的DAI评分较正常对照组明显升高(P <0.01),DSS+SRPX2组DAI评分较DSS组均明显降低(P <0.05)。处死小鼠后,DSS组小鼠结肠组织学评分及MPO活性较正常对照组均明显升高(P <0.05),DSS+SRPX2组小鼠结肠的组织学评分及MPO活性均较DSS组明显降低(P <0.05)。DSS组小鼠LPMC中TNF-α、NF-κB水平较正常对照组均明显升高(P <0.05),DSS+SRPX2组小鼠LPMC中TNF-α、NF-κB水平均较DSS组明显降低(P <0.05)。DSS组小鼠LPMC中m~6A修饰的RNA的比例较正常对照组明显升高(P <0.05),而DSS+SRPX2组小鼠LPMC中m~6A修饰的RNA的比例较DSS组明显降低(P <0.05)。结论 SRPX2重组蛋白具有减轻DSS诱导的小鼠实验性结肠炎的作用,其作用可能与改变结肠组织LPMC中m~6A甲基化RNA的水平有关。     

乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌粗制代谢产物对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响

【目的】了解乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌粗制代谢产物对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的防治作用。【方法】采用右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)建立小鼠UC模型,分别予乳酸杆菌粗制代谢产物和双歧杆菌粗制代谢产物灌肠,生理盐水(NS)和柳氮磺胺吡啶(SASP)灌肠对照,并设立空白对照组和DSS模型组对照,计算小鼠死亡率、疾病活动指数(DAI)、组织学损伤评分和组织学病理改变以及结肠黏膜IL-10免疫组化情况。【结果】①乳杆组和双歧组小鼠结肠黏膜组织病理学改变轻微,其死亡率、DAI评分、组织学损伤评分均低,与DSS模型组和NS组对照差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②乳杆组和双歧组IL-10免疫组化表达均较高,与空白对照组、DSS模型组和NS组对照差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】①乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌粗制代谢产物均对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎起主要的防治作用。②乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌粗制代谢产物的某些成分通过促进IL-10表达而发挥防治作用的。     

海南萝芙木提取物对葡聚糖硫酸钠小鼠结肠炎作用研究

目的探讨海南萝芙木提取物对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)小鼠结肠炎的作用及机制。方法 80只BALB/c小鼠随机分为:(1)正常对照组;(2)模型组;(3)模型+柳氮磺胺嘧啶治疗组;(4)模型+海南萝芙木提取物治疗组。实验结束后剖取各组小鼠结肠炎症组织,HE染色,组织学评分;免疫组化方法检测各组小鼠肠黏膜组织中NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκB-α)阳性细胞表达率,ELISA方法检测定小鼠结肠组织白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-13(IL-13)表达。结果柳氮磺胺嘧啶治疗组和海南萝芙木提取物治疗组小鼠一般情况好于DSS模型组,DAI积分低于DSS模型组;结肠组织显微镜检查,动物结肠炎症程度低于DSS模型组;动物结肠黏膜细胞中IκB-α阳性细胞表达率显著高于DSS模型组;小鼠结肠组织中IL-4、IL-13水平均显著高于DSS模型组。结论海南萝芙木提取物果胶多糖可能通过于预IκB-α蛋白表达,进而抑制溃疡性结肠炎症细胞中NF-κB活性,抑制IL-4、IL-13等炎症因子,产生抗炎效果。     

片仔癀抑制AOM/DSS诱导结肠炎相关性结肠癌的实验研究

目的研究片仔癀对结肠炎相关性结肠癌(CAC)的影响及其可能机制。方法 BALB/c小鼠45只,随机分为正常组、模型组和片仔癀(0.234 g/kg)治疗组;采用腹腔注射氧化偶氮甲烷(AOM)及饮用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)方法建立CAC小鼠模型;观察小鼠的疾病活动指数(DAI)、结肠长度、成瘤率,并用ELISA方法检测结肠组织中白介素6(IL-6)的表达。结果 AOM/DSS能有效建立CAC小鼠模型,片仔癀对模型小鼠能显著降低DAI、抑制结肠缩短、抑制结肠癌的形成以及抑制结肠组织IL-6的表达。结论片仔癀对CAC有显著的疗效,抑制IL-6表达可能是其作用机制之一。     

内质网应激标志蛋白GRP78在小鼠实验性结肠炎中的表达研究

目的探讨内质网应激标志蛋白GRP78在小鼠实验性结肠炎组织中的表达情况。方法将8周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)组,每组7只,对照组正常饮水,DSS组饮用含2.5%DSS的饮水,共6 d建立小鼠急性结肠炎模型。通过疾病活动指数评分(DAI)、测量结肠长度、HE染色病理评分、炎性指标TNFα和IL-6 m RNA检测来评估结肠炎症损伤程度。采用免疫组织化学法和实时定量PCR法检测结肠组织中GRP78蛋白和m RNA表达情况。结果对照组未见肠炎表现,DSS组小鼠出现典型结肠炎表现。DSS组炎性指标TNFα和IL-6 m RNA均较对照组显著升高。GRP78蛋白和m RNA在对照组高表达,在DSS组表达显著减少(P<0.05)。结论 GRP78在维持肠道正常生理功能中发挥重要作用,炎症状态下其表达受抑制。     

两种溃疡性结肠炎小鼠模型的构建及其炎症反应机制比较

  目的  构建葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextransulfatesodium, DSS)以及恶唑酮(oxazolone, OXZ)诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型, 比较两种模型中炎症因子水平的变化, 评价两种模型。  方法  12只C57BL小鼠, 随机分为两组, DSS模型组(n=8)予3%DSS自由饮用5d, DSS对照组(n=4)饮用蒸馏水5d, 第6天处死两组小鼠。8只BALB/C小鼠, 随机分为两组, OXZ模型组(n=4)予皮肤涂抹3%OXZ(100%乙醇溶剂)0.2ml 2d, 5d后以0.8%OXZ(50%乙醇溶剂)0.15ml灌肠; OXZ对照组予皮肤涂抹100%乙醇0.2ml 2d, 5d后以50%乙醇0.15ml灌肠, 灌肠后第3天处死两组小鼠。观察各组小鼠疾病活动指数(disease activity index, DAI)、结肠组织大体评分和病理评分, 并检测小鼠结肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase, MPO)、白细胞介素-4(interleukin4, IL-4)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ, IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)、核因子κB(nuclear factor-Kappa B, NF-κB)的水平。  结果  两种模型组小鼠DAI、组织大体评分和病理评分均较对照组有明显改变; DSS结肠炎、OXZ结肠炎均可导致MPO、TNF-α、NF-κB明显上升, DSS结肠炎IFN-γ明显上升, OXZ结肠炎IL-4明显上升。  结论  DSS及OXZ均能诱导出小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型, 其中OXZ诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎是Th2型炎症反应, 更接近人类溃疡性结肠炎。     

BALB/c小鼠噁唑酮结肠炎模型的建立

目的:建立BALB/c小鼠噁唑酮结肠炎模型,评价其作为人类溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型的可靠性.方法:模型组第1天和第2天用3％噁唑酮溶液200 μL涂搽BALB/c小鼠皮肤以致敏,第6天用1％噁唑酮溶液150μL行保留灌肠,对照组给予等体积乙醇溶剂涂搽皮肤、灌肠,对2组BALB/c小鼠进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分,评估病变结肠的病理组织学炎症程度,用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法测定结肠组织IL-5和IL-13 mRNA的表达水平.结果:模型组小鼠的DAI评分和病理炎症评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),模型组病变结肠组织IL-5和IL-13 mRNA的表达水平亦显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:BALB/c小鼠噁唑酮结肠炎模型类似于人类UC,可作为研究UC的理想模型.     

盐酸小檗碱对DSS诱导小鼠结肠炎COX-2表达的作用

目的 观察盐酸小檗碱对右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠( DSS)诱导小鼠结肠炎的疗效,探讨可能机制.方法 48只雄性BALB/C小鼠饮用8％DSS溶液成模后分成3组,予不同剂量小檗碱治疗,另16只小鼠予蒸馏水,监测体重及DAI,3d和7d后各组随机处死8只.结肠组织HE染色行组织学评分,免疫组化法检测COX-2蛋白表达.结果 小檗碱治疗使小鼠体重增加,DAI积分、组织学评分及COX-2染色积分下降,7d与3d相比,各指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),同一时间4组之间各指标差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 小檗碱对DSS诱导小鼠结肠炎有效,抑制COX-2蛋白表达可能是其治疗机制.     

垂体肿瘤转化基因1通过调控肠上皮细胞焦亡在结肠炎症中的作用

目的 明确垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)通过调控肠上皮细胞的焦亡水平在结肠炎症中的作用机制。方法 PTTG1野生型（WT）小鼠和PTTG1基因敲除（KO）小鼠各10只,随机分为4组,每组5只,分别为PTTG1 WT对照组（control组）和实验组（3%DSS组）,PTTG1 KO对照组和实验组。实验组小鼠自由饮用3%葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）6 d诱导急性实验性结肠炎,对照组给予无菌双蒸水。观察并记录各组小鼠的疾病活动指数（DAI）。收集小鼠结肠组织,用免疫组织化学和蛋白免疫印迹法检测焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、ASC、GSDMD的表达水平。在人源结肠上皮细胞系（HcoEpic）中,通过shRNA沉默PTTG1的表达,TNF-α刺激细胞以诱导细胞炎症模型,检测GSDMD的表达水平。结果 DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠结肠黏膜组织中PTTG1表达减少（P <0.01）,PTTG1敲除加重小鼠结肠炎症,PTTG1 KO实验组小鼠的结肠黏膜上皮焦亡相关蛋白表达水平上调（P <0.05）。在HcoEpic中沉默PTTG1的表达,TNF-α刺激后,细胞的GSDMD蛋白表达水平上调（P <0...     

二甲双胍与美沙拉嗪在小鼠结肠炎中的疗效比较

目的 探讨二甲双胍与美沙拉嗪在治疗小鼠结肠炎中的疗效差异性。方法 选取6 ~ 8周龄的C57BL/6雄性小鼠32只,随机分为Control组、硫酸葡聚糖（DSS）组、DSS+美沙拉嗪组、DSS+二甲双胍组,每组8只。Control组小鼠自由饮用高压灭菌双蒸水,并每日予0.2 ml 磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）灌胃。采用3%DSS诱导C57BL/6雄性小鼠结肠炎模型。DSS组小鼠自由饮用3%DSS溶液,每日予0.2 ml PBS灌胃,DSS+美沙拉嗪组、DSS+二甲双胍组自由饮用3%DSS溶液,予100 mg/（kg·d） 的美沙拉嗪或100 mg/（kg·d） 二甲双胍灌胃。评估各组小鼠体质量变化、结肠长度、疾病活动指数、组织病理学改变及肠道炎症因子表达情况。结果 与DSS组相比,DSS+二甲双胍与DSS+美沙拉嗪组均可降低小鼠结肠炎所致的体质量丢失、疾病活动度评分、组织病理学评分及肠道炎症因子表达水平（P均< 0.05）,但DSS+二甲双胍组与DSS+美沙拉嗪组上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。结论 二甲双胍可以减轻DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎,其疗效不亚于美沙拉嗪。     

肥大细胞膜稳定剂对大鼠急性结肠炎的影响

目的 研究肥大细胞膜稳定剂色甘酸二钠(disordium cromoglycate,DC)对葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextransulfate sodium,DSS)诱导的大鼠急性结肠炎的影响.方法 出生80～100 d的雄性SD清洁级大鼠30只,体重180～250 g.30只大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(A组)、溃疡性结肠炎...     

Activation of NF-κB: Bridging the gap between inflammation and cancer in colitis-mediated colon carcinogenesis

Several studies have shown the anti-neoplastic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis, but how these drugs act in case of inflammation-augmented tumorigenesis is still not clear. The present study therefore designs an animal model of colitis-associated colon cancer where 3% Dextran sufate sodium (DSS) is used to develop ulcerative colitis and DMH treatment leads to colon carcinogenesis as early as in six weeks. Clinical symptoms for ulcerative colitis were studied using Disease Activity Index (DAI) while myeloperoxidase assay marked the neutrophil infiltration in DSS and DMH treated groups. The present results indicated the upregulation of the activity of inflammatory marker enzyme, cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IFN-γ with the treatment of DSS as well as DMH. The presence of cytokines in the inflammatory milieu might lead to the transformation of cytoplasmic inactive NF-κB (Nuclear Factor κB) to its active nuclear form, thereby leading to tumorigenesis. The administration of celecoxib along with DSS and DMH, revealed its chemopreventive efficacy in colitis as well as colon cancer. The effect of different doses of DMH on mouse colon was also investigated to obtain a minimum dose of DMH which can induce visible lesions in mice colons at a high incidence.     

益生菌CMS-H002和CMS-H003联用对小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎的影响

目的：研究肠道益生菌CMS-H002和CMS-H003对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的治疗作用。方法：建立硫酸葡聚糖胺（DSS）诱导的小鼠急性UC模型。观察益生菌CMS-H002和CMS-H003治疗后，疾病活动指数（DAI）、肠道菌群及丙二醛（MDA）的变化。结果：肠道益生菌CMS-H002和CMS-H003均可明显降低DAJ的水平及结肠组织的MDA水平。疗效均优于或等于巴柳氮阳性治疗药物。治疗后，各益生菌治疗组粪便乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌菌数均有不同程度增加；而大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌菌数均有不同程度减少；其中用CMS-H003和合用组治疗后，丁酸梭菌菌数也有增加。以合用组小鼠粪便菌群更趋近于正常小鼠粪便菌群构成。而巴柳氮阳性治疗组对小鼠粪便的菌群菌数无明显影响。结论：口服肠道益生菌CMS-H002和CMS-H003可明显改善5％DSS诱导的Balb／c小鼠急性UC的一般表现及组织学损伤。两茼舍用效果尤为明显。减少自由基的产生及逆转病态菌群是它们发挥治疗UC作用的部分机制。     

The influence of lipoic acid on caveolin-1-regulated antioxidative enzymes in the mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis

AimThis study was undertaken to verify if two-weeks treatment of lipoic acid (LA) influence colon damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis during DSS-induced acute colitis. Moreover, as LA has anti-oxidative properties, we analyzed its influence on the level of antioxidative enzymes, HO-1 and eNOS, and their regulator- caveolin-1.MethodsLA was administrated to male C57/BALBc mice at a dose of 25 or 50 mg/kg/day (i.p.) for 21 days. Acute colitis was induced by administration of 4% DSS (w/v) in drinking water for 5 days, followed by 2 days of normal drinking water. Mice in LA + DSS groups were treated with LA (25 or 50 mg/kg/day; i.p.) starting 14 days prior to 4% DSS. Control group received saline for 21 days. In the colon tissue we measured myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23 (ELISA method), and tissue level of cav-1, phospho-eNOS, total eNOS and HO-1 (Western blot).ResultsAdministration of DSS significantly increased total colon damage (p < 0.001), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (p < 0.05) and pro-inflammatory IL-6 (p < 0.05). There was also a tendency towards higher IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 in the colon. LA alone did not influence total colon damage, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration compared to control (p < 0.05). Notably, mice treated with LA and DSS had significantly decreased total colon damage score (p < 0.001), despite augmented colon MPO activity (p < 0.01), but similar (IL-17A) or even significantly higher level (IL-1β, IL-23) as compared to the DSS group (p < 0.05). IL-6 was insignificantly decreased after LA treatment at a dose of 50 mg/kg.In acute colitis there was a tendency towards an increase in cav-1 and HO-1 and a decrease p-eNOS/total eNOS ratio. Moreover, the LA + DSS groups had higher expression of HO-1 and p-eNOS/total eNOS (p < 0.05) compared to the DSS group, and a tendency towards higher cav-1 level. The changes did not depend on LA dose.ConclusionOur study indicated that LA, at lower doses, may influence cav-1-regulated antioxidative enzyme levels (HO-1 and p-eNOS/total eNOS) despite an increase in colon pro-inflammatory cytokine levels during acute colitis. Hence, LA treatment may be – to some extent – beneficial in attenuation of acute colitis.     

Adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 improves experimental colitis in mice

Adenosine is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator. Through elevation of endogenous adenosine concentrations the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 might serve to down-regulate local inflammatory responses. In the present study we investigated the effect of systemic GP515 in the nonacute model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The clinical score, colon length, histologic score, colon cytokine production, and spleen weight from mice with DSS-induced colitis (3.5% DSS in drinking water for 11 days) receiving GP515 treatment were determined and compared with untreated control mice. Splenocytes were analyzed for phenotype, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) production, and CD69 expression. First, GP515 treatment resulted in a significant improvement of clinical score (weight loss, stool consistency, and bleeding) and of histologic score. Second, colon shortening, an indirect parameter for the degree of inflammation, was decreased, consistent with a decreased IFNgamma concentration in the colonic tissue. Third, spleen weight was reduced in GP515-treated DSS mice. And fourth, IFNgamma synthesis and CD69 expression, as a marker for early cell activation, of ex vivo-stimulated splenocytes were suppressed in the GP515-treated DSS mice. These studies show that GP515 is effective in the therapy of DSS-induced colitis. One potential mechanism of action is the suppression of IFNgamma synthesis and CD69 expression. Adenosine kinase inhibition forms a pharmacologic target that should be further investigated for chronic inflammatory bowel disease.     

IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中的水平变化及临床意义

目的探讨干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者中的水平变化及临床意义。方法选取2020年1月22日至3月20日该院隔离病房收治的81例COVID-19患者为研究对象,其中普通型50例(普通组),重型31例(重型组)。选取同期在该院就诊的流行性感冒(简称流感)患者32例为普通流感组。比较3组患者入院时IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA水平。分析普通组与重型组患者上述指标水平的动态变化。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析SAA在诊断COVID-19中的价值。结果重型组入院时IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA水平明显高于普通组及普通流感组入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。普通组入院时IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6水平与普通流感组入院时对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。普通组入院时SAA水平与普通流感组入院时对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。普通组入院后第3、7、10天IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA水平高于入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);入院后第3、7天IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA水平高于入院后第10天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重型组入院后第3、7天IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA水平高于入院时和入院后第10天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);入院后第10天IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6及SAA水平低于入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,SAA诊断COVID-19的曲线下面积为0.925,其灵敏度和特异度分别为88.2%和84.4%,最佳临界值为17.0 mg/L。结论监测IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6水平变化可为COVID-19病情评估提供依据,SAA水平可用于COVID-19的辅助诊断。     

The specific type-4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor mesopram alleviates experimental colitis in mice

Mesopram, a specific inhibitor of type-4 phosphodiesterase, decreases the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In the present study, we investigated the effect of mesopram in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. In the preventive model, colitis was induced by DSS simultaneously with the application of mesopram in BALB/c mice. In the therapeutic model, colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by DSS over 7 days. At day 8, DSS was discontinued, and treatment was started. Mesopram was applied intraperitoneally or orally. The clinical score was calculated daily during the course of each study. Post mortem, colon length, histologic score, and expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in colons were determined. In the preventive model, mesopram significantly reduced the maximal clinical score, decreased colon shortening, and the histologic score. A dose finding study, using the preventive model, showed that most clinical and post mortem benefit was achieved with 50 mg/kg mesopram compared with 2 and 10 mg/kg. In the therapeutic model, i.p. mesopram treatment led to a significant reduction of clinical score. Both, i.p. and p.o. mesopram significantly reversed DSS-induced colon shortening and reduced the ex vivo colonic production of IFN-gamma. We conclude that the specific type-4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor mesopram ameliorates murine colitis both in a preventive and a therapeutic setting.