凋亡相关基因与肿瘤光动力学疗法的疗效

光动力学疗法(PDT)是指利用光敏剂和光治疗肿瘤的一种非手术疗法,于20世纪70年代开始应用于人类肿瘤的治疗.随着对PDT作用机制及影响疗效因素的深入研究,凋亡相关基因的表达和PDT疗效的关系尤为引人关注.本文综合了国内近年在此方面的研究动态,着重讨论科凋亡相关基因及其与PDT疗效的关系,并对PDT诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡或坏死做一概述.     

光动力学疗法治疗胆管癌

胆管癌是一种早期难以发现、病死率极高的恶性肿瘤.笔者阐述和总结了利用光动力学疗法(PDT)治疗胆管癌的原理、疗效及特点,介绍了光敏剂及激发光源的发展.同时评价了胆管癌PDT术后的辅助治疗、不可切除胆管癌的治疗和术前新辅助PDT的效果;并总结了PDT的不良反应及缺点.PDT在胆管癌治疗中具有十分明朗的应用前景,随着光敏剂及激发光源的不断发展,PDT必将在临床医学上发挥更大的作用.     

Barrett食管的光动力学治疗

探讨光动力学疗法（PDT）治疗Barrett食管的有效性。对比各种类型光敏剂治疗Barrett食管的优点和不足，比较PDT与其他内镜下治疗Barrett食管的疗效及其并发症。PDT疗法Barrett食管具有损伤小，造成穿孔等并发症的机会较小，且对于一些边界不清或者多病灶的病变可减少治疗遗漏等特点，但可造成食管狭窄且某些光敏剂需要长达一个月的避光期造成患者治疗期间不方便。PDT是一种可重复性，侵袭性小，特异性强而疗效可靠的一种治疗Barratt食管的方法，不仅对不典型增生而且对早期癌都有疗效，与其他内镜下治疗联合可提高治疗效果。     

膀胱癌的光动力学治疗

光动力学疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是一种新兴的治疗肿瘤的方法,近来被应用于膀胱肿瘤的治疗.笔者就PDT治疗膀胱癌的原理、基本技术、适应证及并发症、疗效及发展前景等做一综述.     

光动力学治疗诱发正常大鼠脑血管新生成

背景与目的 血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与其受体:FIk和FIt是内皮细胞介导血管生成的强启动子,血管生成对肿瘤生长至关重要.光动力学疗法(PDT)已经应用于神经胶质瘤治疗.用PDT治疗固体恶性肿瘤涉及到系统给药后,光敏剂富集在肿瘤部位后受光激发,光敏剂在肿瘤组织内的定位和光照产生活性氧物种(ROS)使之能杀伤肿瘤部位,而对正常组织损伤较小.临床对PDT治疗恶性胶质瘤的研究表明能引起胶质瘤坏死延长患者生存期,然而PDT治疗中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤没有很好的确定结果.     

光动力学疗法治疗进展期食管贲门癌

目的 评价光动力学疗法联合局部注射化疗药物治疗进展期食管贲门癌的疗效.方法 应用光动力学疗法(PDT)治疗食管贲门癌148例,按治疗方法分为单纯PDT组42例和PDT联合局部化疗组106例.对每一患者均先静脉滴注光敏剂癌光啉(PSD-007)3～5 mg/kg,于用药后24、48 h分别以激光照射肿瘤局部.PDT联合局部化疗组除PDT治疗外,于每次激光照射前肿瘤局部注射化疗药物5-FU或平阳霉素.照射2次为1疗程,间隔1月重复治疗.结果 经治疗后多数患者吞咽困难、下咽痛等临床症状不同程度缓解,其中PDT联合局部化疗组吞咽困难的缓解率显著高于单纯PDT组.PDT联合局部化疗组的近期显效率显著高于单纯PDT组,而二组近期有效率则无明显差异.部分病例随访12～36个月,PDT联合局部化疗组的平均生存期较单纯PDT组显著延长.结论 PDT联合局部化疗治疗食管贲门癌的治疗方法安全有效,并能协同提高PDT的治癌效果,有临床推广应用价值.     

四种光疗疗法治疗浅表性皮肤血管性疾病的临床分析

目的 比较不同的光疗疗法治疗皮肤血管性疾病的特点及临床疗效.方法 回顾性总结分析可变脉宽532 nm激光,脉冲染料585 nm激光,IPL强光治疗系统和铜蒸气激光光动力学疗法(PDT)治疗鲜红斑痣、草莓状血管瘤、葡型性血管瘤、血管角皮瘤、毛细血管扩张、血管痣、充血性增生性瘢痕的疗效.结果 可变脉宽532 nm激光:治疗鲜红斑痣治愈及基本治愈率为21.7%,草莓状血管瘤为68.5%;脉冲染料585 nm激光:治疗鲜红斑痣治愈及基本治愈率为19.4%,葡型性血管瘤为77.8%,血管角皮瘤100.0%,充血性增生性瘢痕100.0%;IPL强光系统治疗3型以下鲜红斑痣治愈及基本治愈率为0%;PDT治疗各型鲜红斑痣治愈及基本治愈率为45.6%.结论 对于浅表性皮肤血管性疾病各种光疗疗法各有其特点,对于鲜红斑痣的治疗,激光光动力学疗法(PDT)是一种疗效可靠,安全,疗程短的最佳疗法.     

光动力疗法治疗鲜红斑痣的研究进展

光动力疗法(photodynamic Therapy,PDT)是一种新型治疗手段,最初用于肿瘤的治疗,1991年国内首次将其应用于鲜红斑痣(port wine stain,PWS)的治疗,取得了良好的疗效,笔者就PDT治疗PWS的研究进展作一综述。     

光动力学疗法诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡机制的研究进展

光动力学疗法(photodynamictherapy,PDT)是指光敏剂选择性地聚集在肿瘤组织中,接受光照后在细胞内产生活性氧物质,而导致肿瘤细胞凋亡或坏死的一种治疗方法。迄今为止,加拿大、美国、法国、荷兰、德国和日本等国家已先后批准PDT用于一些恶性肿瘤的治疗[1]。随着PDT作用机制的深     

光动力滑膜切除术治疗类风湿性关节炎

光动力滑膜切除法是近几年兴起的治疗类风湿性关节炎的新颖疗法。它操作简便、创伤小、费用低、副作用小 ,具有其他传统疗法所不具备的优点。本文对光动力滑膜切除法治疗类风湿性关节炎的研究现状作一综述。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.