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1.
脑-机接口(BCI)技术是近年来迅速发展的一种新型康复治疗技术,通过采集分析人脑数据,并转换成相应电信号,使中枢神经系统损伤的患者与外界建立一种新的联系。目前BCI技术主要应用在卒中后肢体的运动功能康复、脊髓损伤的康复以及典型的闭锁综合征的康复。但BCI技术在发展的同时也有其不足之处,本文将从上述几个方面对此项新技术做研究进展综述。  相似文献   

2.
随着神经科学和工程学的发展,基于脑电图(EEG)的双向闭环互适应智能脑机接口(BCI)已经成为一种重要的神经康复技术。BCI系统除了可发挥神经假体的功能替代作用外,还可作为增强神经可塑性的工具。本文就基于EEG的双向闭环互适应智能BCI的神经机制、分类方法作一综述,归纳其在神经康复中的应用现状与最新进展,以及在开发中面临的挑战。  相似文献   

3.
文章总结归纳脑机接口(BCI)技术治疗脑卒中后运动功能障碍的国内外研究现状,主要从BCI定义与分类、临床治疗的工作原理与理论基础、具体临床应用及存在的问题等方面进行阐述。BCI是指一种硬件和软件相结合的通信系统技术,通过使用脑电活动产生的控制信号,使人类能够在不受周围神经和肌肉影响的情况下与周围环境进行交互,它可以通过控制外部设备帮助患者实现一定的功能,提高生活质量。BCI技术具有安全性高、治疗方便、恢复效果良好的特点。根据信号采集的位置,脑机接口分为非侵入式脑机接口和侵入式脑机接口,其中非侵入式接口是目前临床较为常用的。其工作流程可分为信号采集、预处理或信号增强、特征提取、分类和控制接口5个步骤。目前,BCI技术已被应用于脑卒中患者上肢、手、下肢和步行功能障碍等方面的治疗,其主要是通过恢复和替代这2种方法来促进脑卒中患者大脑的神经可塑性,从而帮助脑卒中患者运动功能的康复。但BCI技术在临床诊疗方面仍存在一些不足之处,如信号采集质量有待提高、治疗运动处方参数设置亟待规范、治疗方式选择存在难点等。BCI治疗脑卒中后运动功能障碍疗效较好,为临床治疗脑卒中后运动功能障碍提供了新的有效借鉴,但下一步还需就目前存在的问题及具体作用机制进一步深化研究,以提高BCI技术临床治疗效果。  相似文献   

4.
脑-机接口(BCI)是一种利用大脑信号与外部环境进行交互的新技术,在运动辅助及康复治疗中具有重要的研究价值。本文主要介绍BCI技术在脑卒中、脊髓损伤和肌萎缩侧索硬化症康复中的应用进展,并就BCI技术目前的局限性及研究发展方向进行综述。  相似文献   

5.
功能性近红外光谱成像技术(fNIRS)是一种非侵入性脑成像技术, 可用于评估脑卒中运动功能障碍患者的皮质激活情况和功能连接水平等。观察不同神经康复治疗方法对脑卒中运动功能障碍患者大脑皮质激活的影响, 可以为评定神经功能损伤程度和神经可塑性变化提供依据, 有利于个体化、精准化康复。  相似文献   

6.
自1929年Berger等提出“阅读思想”这一概念来,随着大脑信号各项研究进展、神经重塑的时间和空间普遍性被认可、大脑信号实时采集及分析系统的发展及社会需求的不断增长,脑机接口(brain computer interface,BCI)技术在近几十年飞速发展[1].BCI是一种在没有周围神经和肌肉这一正常传出通路参与的情况下实现人与外界环境的交互并显示或实现人们期望行为的电脑系统[2].某种意义上说BCI是一种康复训练设备,可用于多种疾病的康复过程.其促进疾病康复的途径主要有两种:一是通过与环境的交互实现重症瘫痪患者多种功能的替代;二是通过促进大脑重塑实现功能代偿[1],最终减轻残疾提高患者的生存质量[3].  相似文献   

7.
目的 系统评价脑机接口(BCI)对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的康复疗效,并比较不同BCI的疗效差异。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨基于运动想象(MI)的闭环式脑机接口(BCI)在脑卒中后手功能康复中的大脑运动皮质激活状态评估与治疗效果。方法:将6例有上肢手功能障碍的脑卒中患者随机分为MI-BCI组(3例)和MI组(3例),均接受常规的康复治疗,MIBCI组进行为期1个月,每周3次的闭环BCI的康复训练,MI组为同等量的运动想象训练。在治疗前和1个月的治疗结束后,分别对两组患者进行BCI脑电评估,针对上肢手进行改良Ashworth评分(MAS)、上肢Fugl-Meyer评估(FMA)和运动功能状态量表(MSS)评分,MI-BCI组在治疗结束后1周再进行一次脑电评估。结果:经过1个月的康复训练,两组患者在FMA、MSS评分上较治疗前均有所提高,MI-BCI组较MI组在脑区激活上更为明显。结论:基于运动想象的闭环式脑机接口康复训练可促进脑卒中患者大脑的脑区激活,从而有利于其皮质重塑,促进上肢及手功能康复疗效的提高。  相似文献   

9.
脑-机接口(BCI)技术是近年来快速发展的一种新型康复治疗技术。本文系统阐述BCI技术的工作流程、原理, 归纳其在脑卒中肢体功能障碍、认知障碍、言语障碍等方面的应用情况及发展前景。  相似文献   

10.
低能量体外冲击波(Li-ESWT)是一项非侵入性技术,可促进细胞和神经纤维再生及血液循环。对于血管源性和部分神经源性男性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者,该技术具有一定的疗效。本文就Li-ESWT在ED康复中的应用做一综述,旨在为其临床应用提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that can help users interact with the outside environment by translating brain signals into machine commands. The use of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals has become the most common approach for a BCI because of their usability and strong reliability. Many EEG-based BCI devices have been developed with traditional wet- or micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-type EEG sensors. However, those traditional sensors have uncomfortable disadvantage and require conductive gel and skin preparation on the part of the user. Therefore, acquiring the EEG signals in a comfortable and convenient manner is an important factor that should be incorporated into a novel BCI device. In the present study, a wearable, wireless and portable EEG-based BCI device with dry foam-based EEG sensors was developed and was demonstrated using a gaming control application. The dry EEG sensors operated without conductive gel; however, they were able to provide good conductivity and were able to acquire EEG signals effectively by adapting to irregular skin surfaces and by maintaining proper skin-sensor impedance on the forehead site. We have also demonstrated a real-time cognitive stage detection application of gaming control using the proposed portable device. The results of the present study indicate that using this portable EEG-based BCI device to conveniently and effectively control the outside world provides an approach for researching rehabilitation engineering.  相似文献   

12.

Objectives

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, restricts patients’ communication capacity a few years after onset. A proof-of-concept of brain–computer interface (BCI) has shown promise in ALS and “locked-in” patients, mostly in pre-clinical studies or with only a few patients, but performance was estimated not high enough to support adoption by people with physical limitation of speech. Here, we evaluated a visual BCI device in a clinical study to determine whether disabled people with multiple deficiencies related to ALS would be able to use BCI to communicate in a daily environment.

Methods

After clinical evaluation of physical, cognitive and language capacities, 20 patients with ALS were included. The P300 speller BCI system consisted of electroencephalography acquisition connected to real-time processing software and separate keyboard-display control software. It was equipped with original features such as optimal stopping of flashes and word prediction. The study consisted of two 3-block sessions (copy spelling, free spelling and free use) with the system in several modes of operation to evaluate its usability in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.

Results

The system was effective in that all participants successfully achieved all spelling tasks and was efficient in that 65% of participants selected more than 95% of the correct symbols. The mean number of correct symbols selected per minute ranged from 3.6 (without word prediction) to 5.04 (with word prediction). Participants expressed satisfaction: the mean score was 8.7 on a 10-point visual analog scale assessing comfort, ease of use and utility. Patients quickly learned how to operate the system, which did not require much learning effort.

Conclusion

With its word prediction and optimal stopping of flashes, which improves information transfer rate, the BCI system may be competitive with alternative communication systems such as eye-trackers. Remaining requirements to improve the device for suitable ergonomic use are in progress.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Patients with lung cancer face a substantial risk of developing brain metastases. Prophylactic cranial irradiation therapy has been demonstrated to significantly decrease the incidence of central nervous system metastasis and improve overall survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer. In non-small-cell lung cancer, the central nervous system is a common site of systemic failure and frequently represents the only focus of extra-thoracic disease. However, the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer is less well defined. As treatment modalities improve and patients live longer their risk of developing central nervous system recurrence increases, and methods to prevent this demand exploration.  相似文献   

15.
背景:由于脑电图信号的非平稳特性,脑-机接口系统至今仍然没有走出实验室,制约脑-机接口实用的主要原因之一是由于被试生理或心理状态的干扰下,脑电特征信号动态变化,难以得到稳定可靠的分类特征。目的:观察动态提取基于左手、右手和脚3种运动想象时的脑电信号分类特征,提高在线脑-机接口系统分类准确率和反应速度。方法:共有3位自愿受试者参加了实验,按照屏幕上的提示分别想象左手、右手和脚3种运动,对采集到的脑电图信号,首先通过带通及拉普拉斯滤波,去除眼电等干扰;其次提取改进的多变量自适应自回归模型模型参数作为分类特征;最后与传统的自适应自回归模型和自回归模型方法进行了比较。结果与结论:结果表明改进的多通道自适应自回归模型算法能够比较稳定的提取出对应左手、右手和脚的分类特征,有利于进一步改进在线脑-机接口数据分析算法的自适应能力,促进脑-机接口系统的实际应用。  相似文献   

16.
We propose a framework for signal analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) that unifies tasks such as feature extraction, feature selection, feature combination, and classification, which are often independently tackled conventionally, under a regularized empirical risk minimization problem. The features are automatically learned, selected and combined through a convex optimization problem. Moreover we propose regularizers that induce novel types of sparsity providing a new technique for visualizing EEG of subjects during tasks from a discriminative point of view. The proposed framework is applied to two typical BCI problems, namely the P300 speller system and the prediction of self-paced finger tapping. In both datasets the proposed approach shows competitive performance against conventional methods, while at the same time the results are easier accessible to neurophysiological interpretation. Note that our novel approach is not only applicable to Brain imaging beyond EEG but also to general discriminative modeling of experimental paradigms beyond BCI.  相似文献   

17.
Blunt cardiac injury   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In summary, the incidence of BCI following blunt thoracic trauma patients has been reported between 20% and 76%, and no gold standard exists to diagnose BCI. Diagnostic tests should be limited to identify those patients who are at risk of developing cardiac complications as a result of BCI. Therapeutic interventions should be directed to treat the complications of BCI. Finally, the prognosis and outcome of BCI patients is encouraging  相似文献   

18.
背景:基于事件相关电位的脑-机接口,可广泛应用于残障患者的康复,显示出其重要性和未来实现的可行性。目的:提出基于LabVIEW环境下的运动想象脑-机接口系统的实现方案。方法:研究的关键部分是视觉刺激器的设计和脑电特征信号的特征提取两部分。测试者通过观察视觉刺激器上的左右手连续播放图像刺激产生脑电信号,采用带通滤波提高信噪比,用滑动窗截取脑电数据并且对截取的数据从能量的角度分析得到运动想象特征,同时可以在线提取特征,为实现实时系统打下了基础。结果与结论:该方案能有效地提取出运动想象特征,并且通过离线模式识别进行了有效的分类,分类效果达到了82%。  相似文献   

19.
背景:脑机接口系统中,对大脑想象的反应速度是衡量脑机接口系统质量的一个重要标准,因此关于脑电信号的分析,对脑电信号特征进行筛选就显得尤为重要,尽可能少的特征来标示相应的动作是提高速度的一个重要途径.目的:利用约简方法对脑电信号特征进行特征筛选,降低脑电特征数目.方法:首先利用不同的脑电特征分析方法,提取特征,并进行分类;其次把连续的脑电信号离散化,利用脑电信号组建脑电信号信息表,最后利用约简理论,对脑电信号进行特征约简,并利用约简特征进行分类,验证分类准确率.结果与结论:利用信息约简的方法及特征标示,把连续的脑电信号特征离散化,利用离散化的脑电信号特征构建信息表,并进行特征筛选,在保证分类准确率的情况下降低了特征的数量.不足之处在于,该方法对分类特征进行标记只能在两类之间进行,对多类型分类特征进行标记和分类特征进行约简将是下一步工作的重点.  相似文献   

20.
目的 探讨心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid-binding protein,H-FABP)在钝性心脏损伤(blunt cardiac injury,BCI)早期诊断中的价值.方法前瞻性研究2007年1月至2008年6月间复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院收治的42例钝性胸部损伤患者和同期本院健康体检中心42例健康体检者血清心肌标志物水平,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫一步法定量检测42例健康体检者和42例钝性胸部损伤患者伤后3,6,12 h血清H-FABP、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cardiac troponin Ⅰ,cTn Ⅰ)和肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,Myo)含量.以cTn Ⅰ作为诊断BCI的金标准,将42例钝性胸部损伤患者分为心肌损伤组(13例)和非心肌损伤组(29例).绘制H-FABP和cTn Ⅰ在胸部损伤患者伤后3,6,12 h诊断BCI的受试者特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC curve),并比较曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),分析伤后不同时间(3,6,12 h)血清H-FABP和cTn Ⅰ对BCI的诊断价值.多组均数间的差异性比较采用Kruskal Wallis检验,ROC曲线下面积比较采用delong.clarke-pearson检验.以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果伤后3 h诊断BCI的AUCH-FABP和AUCcTnⅠ分别为0.9257和0.6844.AUCH-FABP大于AUCcTnⅠ,二者差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0125),伤后12 h诊断BCI的AUCH-FABP小于AUCcTn Ⅰ,差异具有统计学意义(0.9841 vs.0.8276,P=0.0278),二者对诊断伤后6 h BCI的ROC曲线下面积相比,差异无统计学意义(0.9655 vs.0.9125,P=0.2609).结论 H-FABP对BCI具有早期诊断价值,其伤后3 h的敏感性优于cTnⅠ.  相似文献   

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