护士在职业健康监护工作中的作用

随着《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》的实施,职业健康监护工作已越来越受到职业病防治机构和广大厂矿企业的重视。职业卫生护理作为一专门领域,它有别于一般的护理业务。职业卫生护士活跃在职业卫生工作中的各个环节,尤其在健康监护工作中起着重要作用。我们现结合实际情况将无锡市疾病预防控制中心2003—2005年间职业卫生健康监护工作现状加以分析。1项目与方法1.1项目分析项目有职业健康体检、职业卫生咨询、职业健康教育、建立和管理职业健康监护档案、血液标本的采集。1.2方法追踪观察连续近3 a体检人数、血液标本的采集数量、健康教育…     

乌鲁木齐市石油化工行业女工职业卫生知识知晓情况调查

目的了解乌鲁木齐市石油化工女工职业卫生知识知晓情况,为制定职业健康教育及行为干预措施提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法对乌鲁木齐市石油化工行业中接触职业卫生危害因素的女职工进行问卷调查。结果 567名石油化工行业女工职业卫生知识总体知晓率为42.44%,对列出的职业卫生知识条目全部知晓的有16人(占2.82%)。职业卫生各项知识的知晓率最高的是对职业卫生定义的正确理解,为62.43%。知晓率最低的是对工作中职业防护措施有哪些,为29.28%。职业卫生知识的总体得分为3.40±1.94。不同年龄段的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"和"岗前体检的强制性"这两个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为年龄大者知晓率高。不同文化程度的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"、"所从事的工种职业健康检查的周期是多久"、"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这4个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为高中/大专文化程度者知晓率高。不同工种的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"、"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这3个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为外操工知晓率高。不同工龄的被调查女工在"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这2个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为工龄长者知晓率高。结论乌鲁木齐市石油化工女工职业卫生知识知晓率低,应加强和有针对性地开展职业卫生培训和宣教。     

浙江省职业卫生数据中心平台建设探讨

职业卫生数据中心平台建设属于职业卫生信息化的重要内容,为职业病前期预防提供数据支撑。职业卫生数据中心平台主要收集包括职业卫生检测结果、职业健康体检和职业病危害申报三大类数据,主体思想是通过危害因素检测结果直接发现危害或者通过职业健康体检信息间接发现危害,从而为监管部门的监管提供参考。全国职业卫生信息化工作目前缺乏统一的内容、标准和规范。在浙江省职业卫生数据中心平台建设的必要性、职业卫生数据中心平台建设的整体框架、职业卫生数据中心平台建设的内容以及应注意的问题等方面进行了探讨。     

2009年相关职业卫生状况分析与对策

目的经过对浙江省相关职业卫生状况及部分行业劳动者职业健康监护情况的分析,寻求职业卫生监管工作对策。方法现况调查与问卷结合。结果离岗时和上岗前的劳动者健康监护体检情况不容乐观,体检率大部分较低,其中粉尘、苯及化学物等职业病多发行业卫生竣工验收百分率仍然较低,各类职业卫生技术服务机构的设置存在地区分布仍存在不均情况。结论可能影响当地的职业卫生工作的正常开展,应重视健全和落实相关行业劳动者职业健康检查和职业病健康监护的制度和协调机制,进一步加强用人单位劳动者上岗前、离岗时的职业健康检查,尽快使可能产生职业病危害建设项目的职业卫生审核、审查、验收工作纳入各级政府立项审批程序,给新、改、扩建项目的职业卫生监管工作创造良好的条件。     

基本职业卫生服务中的检测能力建设探讨

目的探讨基本职业卫生服务工作中如何做好职业卫生检测能力建设。方法对深圳市宝安区现有的职业卫生检测体系进行分析,剖析其优势、存在的问题、不足及解决办法。结果宝安区为劳务输入地区的试点,存在大量的外来劳务工,除区疾控中心承担了大量的检测工作外,街道预防保健所承担了大部分的职业卫生检测、职业性健康检查工作。宝安区职业卫生服务工作目前还存在检测人员编制、职称结构、人员素质,仪器设备配备和重普通体检、轻职业性体检和有害因素检测等问题。结论在在劳务输入地区,不能仅按常住人口配备职业卫生检测人员,街道一级有必要建立具备职业卫生检测能力的机构,并形成区（县）一街道（镇）联动机制,有条件的区（县）建立专门的职业卫生防治机构。     

合肥市职业卫生现状及对策研究

目的了解合肥市职业卫生现状,为指导今后开展职业卫生工作、预防控制职业病提供依据。方法采用统一调查表对合肥市78家企业进行调查,结合合肥市2001~2005年企业职业有害因素现场监测和职业性健康体检资料,对职业危害因素、职业性健康损害发生情况和职业卫生管理现状进行描述性分析。结果目前合肥市职业性健康体检率为13.46%,存在职业病危害的建设项目预评价率为2.05%,防护设施和防护用品配置率低,职业卫生管理状况不容乐观,职业性健康损害发生呈逐年上升趋势。结论应加大职业病防治投入,进一步完善职业卫生监督管理体制,加强职业卫生监管力度,保护职工健康。     

亟待发展的中国职业卫生护理

职业卫生护理为一专门领域 ,有别于一般的护理业务。在欧美一些先进国家中 ,职业卫生护理的范围几乎包括了所有工作场所和任何职业类别 ,相比我国的发展却显得缓慢和滞后。因而发展职业卫生护理 ,充分发挥职业卫生护士的沟通、协调、预防伤害和疾病的作用 ,强化劳动卫生意识 ,降低发病率 ,就显得尤为重要。1　从职业卫生现状看发展职业卫生护理的重要性目前在工业发达国家 ,由于采取了新技术的措施 ,使得尘肺、工业中毒、高温中暑、农药中毒等职业危害已得到有效控制 ,并已转变以对人类危害相对较轻的职业病损伤 (ＷＨＯ ,1998)、呼吸道疾病…     

江苏省煤矿企业职业卫生状况调查分析

采用调查表和现场调查的方式对江苏36个矿井进行职业卫生状况调查,为煤矿企业创建符合国家卫生标准和卫生要求的工作环境和条件提供可行的建议和措施。结果表明,粉尘、高温高湿检测点合格率较低,接尘、高温高湿接触工人的体检率分别为64.93%、73.9%;职业卫生管理制度尚不完善,职业有害因素检测和评价、职业健康监护工作有待进一步规范,职业有害因素的防护技术工程措施较落后是江苏煤矿企业在职业卫生工作中存在的主要问题。提示,建立健全职业卫生管理制度及档案,规范职业有害因素检测评价和职业健康监护工作,加大职业危害因素防治技术投入,提高职业卫生认识水平和职工个体防护意识,对保护劳动者健康有重要意义。     

义乌市1997～1999年公共场所从业人员体检结果

做好公共场所从业人员健康体检及患职业禁忌症人员卫生监督管理工作 ,是贯彻执行《公共场所卫生管理条例》的重要举措。为了解我市近三年来公共场所从业人员体检及职业禁忌情况 ,给今后健康检查和卫生监督管理工作提供科学依据 ,我们对 1997～ 1999年全市公共场所从业人员体检及“五病”调离资料进行了统计分析 ,现报告如下。资料与方法1　资料来源　 1997～ 1999年市卫生局指定的本站及 8个乡镇卫生院体检点年度汇总上报资料。2　内容和方法　体检项目按《预防性健康检查管理办法》有关规定执行 ,其中乙肝病毒感染以血清表面抗原(ＨＢｓＡ…     

体检护士针刺伤的危险因素与防护

体检项目中抽血化验是最常规体检,我院体检护士由于工作环境和服务对象的特殊性,在治疗护理工作中被针刺伤是最常见的职业危害。加强职业安全规章制度,完善培训教育并普及宣传知识可以     

Intervention research in occupational safety and health: Examples from construction

Construction is one of the largest industries in the United States, with 13% of the gross national product and 5–6% of the labor force. It is also one of the most dangerous industries, accounting for 15% of occupational fatalities and 17% of all workers' compensation costs. In 1989, the Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO, completed an agreement with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to develop a national labor-management initiative to improve occupational safety and health throughout the construction industry. The aim was to remedy a lack of research on construction occupational safety and health. The first years were spent on surveillance to characterize construction safety and health problems, development of awareness about safety and health issues among decisionmakers in the industry, and some limited interventions. A second phase was initiated in 1994, which focuses on intervention activities. Results from this joint program include a growth in annual federal construction safety and health research expenditure from $300,000 in 1989 to $12 million in 1995, a research network that now encompasses more than 30 institutions, a national conference that established an agenda to change construction safety and health, four regional conferences to develop coalitions and implementation strategies, and the development of a feasible goal to reduce fatality and injury rates by 80%. The program may already be having an impact. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, lost-time injury rates for construction for the three most recent years of reporting declined by 20%. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

乡镇工业职业卫生管理服务对策研究

作者针对乡镇企业工业职业卫生管理与服务工作中存在的困惑与难点，从依靠领导、乡村初保规划、建立职业卫生制度结构、实施企业劳动卫生许可证和职工健康证制度管理、因地制宜地开展职业危害综合治理、开发利用卫生资源和普及职业卫生与法律知识等七个方面进行探索。经过8年的不断实践，表明本对策研究的思路、方法是可行的。它可为我国与我省的乡镇工业职业卫生管理服务提供经验与模式。     

The impact of health education on the knowledge and attitude of Egyptian nurses towards occupational HIV infection

There is a phobia about nursing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. This work was carried out to study the impact of health education on the knowledge and attitude of nurses, representing a stratum of health care team, about modes of transmission and prevention of occupational HIV infection. The studied population were students of the High Institute of Nursing, they were subjected to a health education program (HE), and assessment was carried out before and after this intervention. The results revealed that health education is a successful tool in improving the knowledge of the nurses and in minimizing their phobia from occupational HIV infection.     

Exploring occupational health nursing in South America through Brazilian experience

Occupational health nursing is a well-established nursing specialty in many western and developed nations around the world. However, it is still considered a relatively new field in less industrialized countries, including those in South America. This article describes occupational health nursing in South America, primarily Brazil, with the goal of increasing understanding of the region and stimulating new thinking, linkages, and collaboration among occupational health nurses from different parts of the world. This article also gives an overview of the region, including population demographics, industry and economy, occupational risks, regional policies on occupational health, and training and education of occupational health and safety professionals. Occupational health nursing will continue to grow in South America. By collaborating with occupational health educators, researchers, and practitioners from developed countries, occupational health nurses in South America will advance the professional specialty.     

职业卫生技术服务机构下厂体检工作方式与绩效性探讨

目的介绍目前下厂体检的工作方式及成效和存在问题。方法调查近5年来某职业卫生技术服务机构下厂体检的工作量和在用人单位连续检查的情况,在检查过程中采取的组织管理方式、医学检查项目、质量控制措施和跟进措施,取得的实效与存在的问题。结果在这5年期间检查次数在3次或3次以上的用人单位有163个,占74.43%,用人单位开展配套检查的人数逐年增多;体检项目主要有临床常规检查和一些辅助检查,根据职业病危害因素对人体健康损害的特点,规范各项常规检查方法和内容。检查过程中,由双方单位组织协作,建立应对机制,做好各项工作,及时处理职业性病损受罹者和职业禁忌证者。结论多数用人单位能按要求坚持连续定期体检,较好完成了职业健康监护工作。下厂体检作为开展健全的职业卫生服务工作方式之一,为职业人群健康的医学监测和生物学检测提供了便捷的途径。     

护理人员的职业损伤因素及健康维护

作者指出临床一线的护理人员是发生职业损伤的高危群体。产生职业损伤的危险因素包括基础教育和继续教育缺乏职业损伤及其防范知识；影响护理人员身体健康的诸因素，如化疗专用的溶药设备、洁净操作台或相对密闭的溶药环境不健全；乙型肝炎等医院内易感性等疾病增加，被血液、体液等污染的医疗锐器刺伤是护理人员职业感染的主要途径；护理人员工作职业特点对健康不利的影响，护理人员心理压力大。为维护护理人员身心健康，应加入医院感染、职业损伤和健康维护的在校理论教育内容，加强护理人员职业安全教育，采取防范职业损伤的措施，如化疗药物中心配药、使用一次性手套等措施。     

Using Service-Learning to Teach Mental Health and Research Skills

ABSTRACT

This paper describes how an occupational therapy program used service-learning to integrate the learning objectives for mental health and research curriculum content. The service-learning program assisted participants diagnosed with mental illness to achieve success in higher education and/or related goals and served as a clinical program within a research curriculum for entry-level graduate occupational therapy students. The occupational therapy students served as mentors for the participants. The purpose of the program for the occupational therapy students was to teach research skills, clinical skills, and increase comfort in working with the mental health population. Seventy-eight occupational therapy students participated in the program over four academic years. A case example of a student/participant mentoring relationship is provided. Results indicated that the occupational therapy students gained comfort with the population and competence in their clinical and research skills.     

Indiana Children's Special Health Care Services Program: Impact of Administrative Changes on..

In this study we assessed the impact of administrative changes occurring in 1993 on the Indiana Children's Special Health Care Services program. Responses from a 1994-1995 survey were compared with a 199 1 survey. Unmet needs declined in 6 categories: primary medical care, hospital services, home nursing care, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and special equipment. Unmet needs remained the same in 6 categories: specialty care, speech therapy, respite care, parent support, child support, and sibling support. Unmet needs increased in 5 categories: dental care, mental health, transportation, housing modifications, and child and day care. Although program changes improved the health care needs of clients in many areas, additional efforts are still needed.     

职业卫生档案工作管理的探讨

职业卫生档案工作是职业病防治工作中一项长期、艰巨的基础工作。经过5年的研究与实践,在攀钢集团公司建立了职业卫生档案管理系统,使职业卫生档案工作在近40个厂矿、200余个车间持续有效的进行。为提高用人单位职业卫生档案工作管理水平,作者通过职业卫生档案工作实践,提出职业卫生档案工作管理需从建立科学的管理体系、质量控制程序、档案资料科学管理三方面着手进行,并对其作用进行了分析。