指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床效果.方法2002～2004年应用指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复8例指端缺损.结果8例皮瓣均存活,术后经12～24个月随访,外形满意,效果良好.结论指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复指端缺损的一种可行方法.     

指掌侧静脉动脉化逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

推进皮瓣、邻指皮瓣、鱼际皮瓣及指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣等是修复指端缺损的常用方法。指背静脉动脉化转流的静脉皮瓣修复指端已有报道［1］。在此基础上，我院于1999年11月～2002年3月将指掌侧静脉与创面指动脉断端吻合，形成指掌侧静脉动脉化逆行岛状皮瓣修复缺损17例，其效果佳，报道如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料本组男10例，女7例，年龄19～43岁，平均27岁。指别：示指8例，中指6例，环指3例。致伤原因：切割伤5例，挤压伤8例，电刨伤3例，电锯伤1例。皮瓣的指背神经与指神经的断端缝合。１．２手术方法皮瓣设计在近指间关节（PIP）…     

指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复2～5指指端软组织缺损

目的 探讨指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复2～5指指端软组织缺损的疗效。方法 对2017年4月-2019年12月收治的2～5指指端软组织缺损患者57例132指,给予指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复。缺损面积：0.35～1.2 cm2。结果 术后57例132指固有动脉背侧支皮瓣全部成活,随访6～11个月,平均8.5个月,皮瓣质地优良,颜色与周边软组织相近,外形饱满,无指体远端肿胀和畏寒发生。手指功能均恢复正常。手功能依据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定：优50例,良7例,优良率达100%。结论 采用指掌侧固有动脉背侧支皮瓣修复2～5指指端软组织缺损,操作便捷安全,成活率高,术后满意度高,且不损伤肢体主干血管及神经,值得临床推广。     

指动脉终末背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 观察不同切取方式的指动脉终末背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床疗效. 方法 采用指动脉背侧支为蒂的中节指背皮瓣、单纯筋膜蒂近节指背皮瓣、带指背神经营养血管蒂的近节指背皮瓣等3种方式修复指端缺损32例43指,皮瓣面积1.0 cm×2.0 cm～2.5 cm×4.2 cm,蒂长1.0～2.5 cm. 结果 术后33指皮瓣全部成活,8指皮瓣部分成活,2指皮瓣坏死.术后随访2～21个月,患指外形满意,皮瓣无臃肿,色泽正常、质软、弹性好,两点辨别觉恢复至11 ～ 15 mm.供区植皮平整,不影响肌腱活动. 结论 指动脉终末背侧支逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损,方法简单,疗效满意,是治疗指腹端缺损的可选方法之一.     

指背静脉动脉化逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 介绍一种指端修复的新方法。方法 指背逆行岛状皮瓣通过指端的指动脉与皮瓣的静脉吻合形成静脉动脉比逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损10例。结果 所有皮瓣均成活，外形满意。结论 方法易行，为指端修复增添了一种新的可供选择的方法，但需一定的显微外科基础。     

改良指掌侧矩形推进皮瓣修复指端指腹缺损

目的 设计一种新型的指掌侧矩形推进皮瓣修复指端指腹缺损。方法 采用改良的矩形推进皮瓣修复指端指腹皮肤缺损8例,经长期随诊进行临床总结。结果 推进移位皮瓣的质地接近正常指,经1～2年随访,两点辨别觉3mm～5．5mm,外观和功能满意,且皮瓣推进后近端创面均不需植皮,可直接闭合。结论 采用改良指掌侧矩形推进皮瓣,加大了皮瓣推进幅度、保证了指端指腹精细感觉的恢复,同时指骨关节及指背软组织血供不受影响,是一种实用可行的新型手术方法。     

指动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指端及指掌侧皮肤缺损

目的 探讨指动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指端及指掌侧皮肤缺损疗效.方法 采用指动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指端及指掌侧皮肤缺损32例,观察疗效.结果 本组32例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣色泽正常,质地柔软,外形满意,功能良好.结论 指动脉背侧支皮瓣修复指端及指掌侧皮肤缺损疗效满意,操作方便.     

指动态逆行岛状皮瓣修复63例69指指端缺损

目的 分析、探讨指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床效果。方法 1990-1999年应用指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣治疗63例69指指端缺损。结果 除1例皮瓣坏死外，其余均存活。术后经1-28个月随访，外形满意，效果良好。结论 指动脉逆行岛状瓣是一种修复指端缺损的可行方法。     

指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 分析和探讨指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床效果。方法 1998—2001年应用指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣治疗75例80指指端缺损。结果 皮瓣全部成活，术后经1-26个月随访，外形满意，效果良好。结论 指动脉逆行岛状瓣是一种修复指端缺损的可行方法。     

拇指尺背侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损

目的探讨利用拇指尺背侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损的疗效。方法应用拇指尺背侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端缺损18例19指。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,随访平均12个月,外形、功能、感觉均较满意。结论拇指尺背侧逆行岛状皮瓣血管恒定,可重建指端感觉,不牺牲主干血管,供区可直接缝合,适合拇指指端缺损的修复,便于基层医院推广。     

Fingertip reconstruction using a volar flap based on the transverse palmar branch of the digital artery

A new homodigital neurovascular island flap for fingertip reconstruction, called a volar digital island flap, is described. The flap is perfused from the proper digital artery through the transverse palmar branch, and is drained through the tiny venules and capillaries contained in the perivascular soft tissue. Between 1997 and 2000, 25 fingers from 23 patients with defects of the middle and distal phalangeal areas were reconstructed using this flap. All flaps survived well. Patient age ranged from 17 to 65 years (average age, 32.5 years). Long-term follow-up for more than 6 months was possible in 15 fingers from 14 patients. Light touch and temperature sensation could be detected in all the flaps evaluated. The mean value of the static two-point discrimination test was 4.2 mm. Although this flap requires the sacrifice of important volar skin, it provides excellent padding and sensation for fingertip reconstruction. The authors think that this new flap is an alternative choice for coverage of fingertip defects.     

带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 探讨带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的手术效果.方法 2007年3月至2009年6月,对15例指端缺损的患者,在清创术后3～6 d,采用带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣进行修复.指端皮肤缺损面积为1.5 cn×1.2 cm～2.2 cm×2.0 cm.供区中节指背创面取前臂内侧全厚皮片植皮修复.结果 术后15例皮瓣均未发生血管危象,皮瓣与皮片全部存活.15例随访时间为6～24个月,患指伸、屈功能正常,伤指无疼痛,皮瓣外形满意、质地柔软、有指纹,末节指端静止两点分辨觉为5～6 mm,指侧方静止两点分辨觉为8～10 mm.结论 带神经的同指螺旋状顺行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损,手术方法简单、可靠,效果满意,是修复指端缺损的一种理想的手术方法.     

Restoration of function and sensitivity utilizing a homodigital neurovascular island flap after amputation injuries of the fingertip

Sixty-three fingertip amputations in 50 patients were reconstructed using a homodigital neurovascular island flap technique based on a single neurovascular pedicle without further shortening of the distal phalanx. The procedure was carried out under regional anaesthesia, using a tourniquet and magnifying loupes. All of the flaps survived and achieved normal or adequate two-point discrimination without any painful scar or cold hypersensitivity. Fifteen patients had some loss of distal interphalangeal joint extension. The technique is simple and presents an excellent method for fingertip reconstruction in Allen type II, III and IV injuries.     

带指神经血管蒂的V - Y岛状推进皮瓣治疗指端皮肤缺损

目的 介绍应用带双侧或单侧指神经血管蒂的V-Y岛状推进皮瓣修复指端皮肤缺损的疗效。方法 对86例102指指端皮肤缺损患者,设计并采用带双侧或单侧指神经血管蒂的V-Y岛状推进皮瓣修复创面。对指端偏背侧、横截面及缺损长度<1.2 cm的偏掌侧皮肤缺损,用双蒂岛状皮瓣修复;对缺损长度在1.2～2 cm的偏掌侧皮肤缺损,用单蒂岛状皮瓣修复。结果 皮瓣全部成活。20指失访,82指术后平均随访13个月。皮瓣覆盖质量满直,指腹二点分辨觉均在正常范围内,但有2指产生残端神经痛。77指冷天皮瓣能耐寒冷皮温正常,5例5指因皮瓣耐寒性差而影响工作。指间关节活动范围基本正常。结论 该皮瓣较传统的V-Y皮瓣具有手术简单、术后外形好、感觉正常、关节活动不受影响等优点;是修复指端皮肤缺损的有效方法之一。     

The homodigital neurovascular antegrade island flap for fingertip reconstruction in children

We describe a homodigital neurovascular island flap for fingertip reconstruction in children and review the appearance and function of the reconstructed fingertips. Eleven children, with a mean age of 4 years (range: 2-7),who had sustained a fingertip injury with total or subtotal pulp loss were treated with a homodigital neurovascular island flap between 2007 and 2009. The flaps were harvested based on a single digital neurovascular bundle without further shortening of the distal phalanx. The average follow-up period was 15 months (range: 10-32 months). The clinical outcome evaluations included the defect size of the flap, the static two-point discrimination, total active motion (TAM) of the PIP and DIP joints and time to return to daily activities. Patient satisfaction with function and cosmesis were also evaluated. All of the flaps survived without any painful scar formation, hypersensitivity or cold intolerance and no interphalangeal joint contractures were noted. The average two point discrimination ranged from 3 to 4 mm, with an average of 3.4 mm. All the patients were satisfied with the function and appearance of the involved finger. Our study suggests that the homodigital neurovascular is a reliable choice of treatment for children fingertip defects.     

指神经血管蒂推进皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的 介绍指掌侧血管神经蒂推进皮瓣修复指端缺损的方法和临床效果.方法 按Littler法,在指残端设计皮瓣,分离血管神经蒂,以增加皮瓣推进距离,用于重建长度在2.2cm范围内的指端创面.1998年以来,应用6例,指端创面长度1.5-2.2cm.结果 皮瓣全部成活,随访3-12月,外形,感觉满意.结论 指掌侧血管神经蒂推进皮瓣,手术简单,效果确切,可修复长度在2.2cm范围内的指端缺损.     

Innervated reverse island flap based on the end dorsal branch of the digital artery: surgical technique

Fingertip or pulp loss of the fingers is observed frequently in unskilled workers. To reconstruct a sensate fingertip or pulp we designed the innervated reverse island flap based on the end dorsal branch of the digital artery, which was harvested from the dorsum of the middle phalanx. The sensation of the fingertip or pulp was re-established through coaptation of the proper branches of the digital dorsal nerves to the digital nerves. Three fingertip or pulp defects were reconstructed with this technique. All patients achieved satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. The mean follow-up time was 7.7 months. The average size of the flaps was 1.6 x 1.8 cm. The average static 2-point discrimination and moving 2-point discrimination of the flaps were 4.6 mm and 3.0 mm, respectively. The technique we applied seems to be an excellent option for 1-stage reconstruction of fingertip or pulp defects.     

Restoration of sensation using a local neurovascular island flap as a primary procedure in extensive pulp loss of the fingertip

A technique using a local composite neurovascular island flap, raised on the volar digital vessels and nerve, is described as a primary procedure for the reconstruction of extensive pulp loss of the fingertip. The results of this technique have been uniformly satisfactory in 8 patients.     

Double reverse-flow island flaps for two adjacent finger tissue defect

INTRODUCTION: Soft-tissue reconstruction of fingertip injuries remains a challenge for hand surgery. Tissue loss of multiple digits is a serious problem for hand surgeons. Surgical possibilities include regional, distant and local flaps. In this study, five patients presented with tissue loss of two adjacent fingers and were treated by double reverse-flow island flaps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surgical technique is an application of the reverse-flow homodigital island flap for two adjacent finger tissue defects. Instead of one flap, double island flaps are applied to two adjacent finger tissue defects. The flaps are raised from the lateral or medial palmar surface of the proximal phalanx level. Anastomoses between the radial and ulnar digital arteries at the distal interphalangeal joint level are preserved. RESULTS: Three of the patients had tissue defects at the fingertip. In these cases, digital nerve anastomosis with the counter lateral digital nerve made the flaps sensitive. In two patients, the tissue defect was on the dorsum of the middle phalanx level. In these cases, the flaps were non-sensitive. Neither infection nor flap failure was seen in the patients. Sensitive function was satisfactory in fingertip applications. CONCLUSION: The reverse-flow homodigital island flap is a commonly used surgical technique for tissue defects in the fingers. The double reverse-flow island flaps involve the application of this technique for two adjacent fingers. The important point in the surgical technique is that the vascular supply of the two flaps should originate from the same common palmar digital artery. This technique offers a possibility to repair the defects of two adjacent fingers.     

Fingertip reconstruction using two variations of direct-flow homodigital neurovascular island flaps

The fingertip is an extremely intricate area of digital sensibility that plays an important role in fine perception and hand function. Thus, sensate fingertip reconstruction is essential to the recovery of most hand functions. The authors used two methods of direct-flow homodigital neurovascular island flap coverage to reconstruct distal finger amputations-namely, the triangular-advancement flap technique and the step-advancement flap method. The authors present their experience with these two variations of direct-flow homodigital neurovascular island flaps and their use in reconstructing 18 fingertips and 7 proximal amputation stumps. They did not observe flap failure, and they achieved stable, well-vascularized, appropriate-thickness skin coverage with good sensory properties in all patients. However, they found that the triangular-advancement flap technique was easier to plan and perform than the step-advancement method.