症状、CT和鼻声反射在慢性鼻窦炎组织重构诊断中的意义

目的探讨鼻塞症状、CT扫描Lund-Mackay评分和鼻声反射测量鼻黏膜充血指数与慢性鼻及鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)组织重构程度之间的相关性,探讨三者在CRS组织重构诊断中的意义。方法选取CRS患者43例,应用视觉模拟评分(visual analogous scale,VAS)系统评价鼻塞症状;Lund- Mackay平分系统评价鼻窦CT扫描结果;鼻声反射测量获取鼻黏膜充血指数;钩突黏膜组织标本行鼻黏膜纤维化程度评分。应用统计学方法对其相关性进行分析。结果鼻塞症状严重程度与鼻黏膜纤维化程度之间无明显相关性(r=-0.046,P=0.77);CT评分与黏膜组织纤维化评分之间无相关性(r=0.132,P=0.40);鼻黏膜纤维化程度与鼻黏膜充血指数之间呈负相关(r=-0.348, P=0.022)。结论鼻黏膜充血指数能够反映病变黏膜的组织重构程度,辅助症状与CT检查指导CRS治疗策略。     

鼻阻塞的主观评价与客观鼻测量的相关性研究

目的 探讨鼻阻塞时检查者和患者的主观评价与客观鼻测量之间是否有相关性.方法 检查者和患者均采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)对鼻阻塞程度进行评价.客观鼻测量采用主动后鼻测压仪和鼻声反射测量仪进行.以配对t检验分析检查者的临床评价和患者VAS均数的差异,以Spearman等级相关分析评价客观鼻测量结果单侧鼻气流阻力与单侧鼻道容积、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积的关系,以及检查者的临床评价、患者VAS与上述客观鼻测最结果的相关性.结果 本组病例经统计学分析,316例患者中,减充血前后单侧鼻气流阻力与单侧鼻道容积、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积间呈负相关(r值分别为-0.430、-0.554、-0.373、-0.600,P值均＜0.001).减充血前后,检查者的临床评价与患者VAS均数呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(r值分别为0.630、0.526,P值均＜0.001),二者均与鼻气流阻力有一定的正相关关系(减充血前:检查者的临床评价与鼻气流阻力r=0.530,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻气流阻力r=0.351,P=0.000;减充血后:检查者的临床评价与鼻气流阻力r=0.452,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻气流阻力r=0.216,P=0.000),与鼻道容积和鼻腔最小横截面积均有一定的负相关关系(减充血前:检查者的临床评价与鼻道容积r=-0.411,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻道容积r=-0.325,P=0.000,检查者的临床评价与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.507,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.384,P=0.000;减充血后:检查者的临床评价与鼻道容积r=-0.391,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻道容积r=-0.209,P=0.000,检查者的临床评价与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.471,P=0.000,患者VAS与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0.286,P=0.000).检查者的临床评价与客观鼻测量参数的相关系数大于患者VAS与客观鼻测最参数的相关系数.结论 鼻阻力测压与鼻声反射测量的结果有一定的相关性.检查者的临床评价与患者VAS存在一定的正相关关系.两者均与客观鼻测量参数存在一定的直线相关关系.     

上皮-间充质营养单位在慢性鼻及鼻窦炎发病机制中的作用

目的探讨慢性鼻及鼻窦炎（CRS）的慢性炎症过程中上皮-间充质营养单位（epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit,EMTU）的功能状态。方法选取40例不伴鼻息肉CRS患者和14例正常对照的筛窦黏膜,分别行HE、Masson三色和转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（alpha-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）免疫组化染色。结果 鼻黏膜上皮下均存在一层薄的成纤维细胞,表达TGF-β2强阳性;CRS患者的鼻黏膜上皮下层和黏膜下层中可见表达α-SMA的成肌纤维细胞,黏膜纤维化与成肌纤维细胞之间存在正相关（r=0.686,P=0.000）。结论 CRS患者的鼻窦黏膜存在EMTU。黏膜下层成肌纤维细胞的出现标志着EMTU仍保持活性。     

鼻阻塞的主观评价与客观鼻测量的相关性研究

目的探讨鼻阻塞时检查者和患者的主观评价与客观鼻测量之间是否有相关性。方法检查者和患者均采用视觉模拟量表（visualanalogscale，VAS）对鼻阻塞程度进行评价。客观鼻测量采用主动后鼻测压仪和鼻声反射测量仪进行。以配对t检验分析检查者的临床评价和患者VAS均数的差异，以Spearman等级相关分析评价客观鼻测量结果单侧鼻气流阻力与单侧鼻道容积、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积的关系，以及检查者的临床评价、患者VAS与上述客观鼻测量结果的相关性。结果本组病例经统计学分析，316例患者中，减充血前后单侧鼻气流阻力与单侧鼻道容积、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积间呈负相关（r值分别为-0．430、-0．554、-0．373、-0．600，P值均〈0．001）。减充血前后，检查者的临床评价与患者VAS均数呈正相关，差异均有统计学意义（r值分别为0．630、0．526，P值均〈0．001），二者均与鼻气流阻力有一定的正相关关系（减充血前：检查者的临床评价与鼻气流阻力r=0．530，P=0．000，患者VAS与鼻气流阻力r=0．351，P=0．000；减充血后：检查者的临床评价与鼻气流阻力r=0．452，P=0．000，患者VAS与鼻气流阻力r=0．216，P=0．000），与鼻道容积和鼻腔最小横截面积均有一定的负相关关系（减充血前：检查者的临床评价与鼻道容积r=-0．411，P=0．000，患者VAS与鼻道容积r=-0．325，P=0．000，检查者的临床评价与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0．507，P=0．000，患者VAS与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0．384，P=0．000；减充血后：检查者的临床评价与鼻道容积r=-0．391，P=0．000，患者VAS与鼻道容积r=-0．209，P=0．000，检查者的临床评价与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0．471，P=0．000，患者VAS与鼻腔最小横截面积r=-0．286，P=0．000）。检查者的临床评价与客观鼻测量参数的相关系数大于患者VAS与客观鼻测量参数的相关系数。结论鼻阻力测压与鼻声反射测量的结果有一定的相关性。检查者的临床评价与患者VAS存在一定的正相关关系。两者均与客观鼻测量参数存在一定的直线相关关系。     

慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻一氧化氮/一氧化氮合酶表达水平与黏膜损伤水平的相关性研究

目的　探讨慢性鼻黏膜炎症中黏膜损伤程度与一氧化氮/一氧化氮合酶NO/NOS表达之间的关系。方法　选取连续进行鼻内镜手术的42例患者及5名正常人,进行常规的术前评估及鼻NO的测量;并在内镜手术中进行黏膜组织取材,固定后进行HE染色及NOS的免疫组化染色;评估内皮型NOS（eNOS）及诱导型NOS（iNOS）的表达程度、黏膜损伤的程度。结果　iNOS和eNOS在钩突（筛泡、中鼻甲及息肉组织）的黏膜层、黏膜下层及腺体中的表达分级和鼻NO浓度无明显相关性（P 均>0.05）;且iNOS与eNOS在黏膜各层的总表达情况与鼻NO浓度亦无明显相关性（P >0.05）。鼻黏膜中炎症细胞的浸润程度和鼻NO浓度无明显相关（P >0.05）。而鼻黏膜慢性炎症损伤程度和鼻NO表现出明显的负相关关系。结论　鼻NO浓度和鼻黏膜炎症损伤指标之间具有明显相关关系。因此,鼻黏膜炎症中鼻黏膜的炎症状态可能是调节鼻NO浓度的主要因素;鼻黏膜上皮可能是影响鼻NO的主要部位。     

血管运动性鼻炎患者鼻通气功能的评估

目的 检测血管运动性鼻炎患者的鼻通气功能,分析其与主观症状的相关性,并与健康对照组进行比较.方法 选择血管运动性鼻炎患者105例,健康对照组成人71例.采用鼻阻力测量获得压力-流速曲线,进而得到75 Pa和150 Pa下鼻腔总阻力值.采用鼻声反射测量应用鼻用缩血管药物前后的面积-距离曲线,进而得到鼻腔最小横截面积,计算鼻腔充血指数.对比两组研究对象各项鼻阻力和鼻声反射测量指标,分析血管运动性鼻炎患者主观症状评分与鼻通气功能指标间的相关性.采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析.结果 血管运动性鼻炎患者鼻阻力、鼻声反射指标与各种鼻部症状间的相关性分析均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).收缩前后的鼻腔最小横截面积在两组间差异未见统计学意义(Z值分别为-1.541、-0.626,P值均>0.05);鼻腔充血指数在两组间差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.707,P<0.05).75 Pa下鼻总阻力值在两组间差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.334,P<0.05);150 Pa下鼻总阻力值在两组间差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.314,P>0.05).结论 血管运动性鼻炎患者主观症状与客观鼻生理功能检测结果 间无相关性,在诊疗过程中需全面综合评价患者的主观症状和客观检测结果 .     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴嗅觉障碍患者半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达与鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍改善的关系#br#

目的　研究慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）伴嗅觉障碍患者半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（Caspase-3）表达与鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍改善的关系。方法　选择2017年1月～2019年6月间在四川大学华西医院眉山医院接受鼻内镜手术治疗的CRS伴嗅觉障碍患者作为CRS组,接受鼻内镜手术治疗的鼻中隔偏曲患者作为对照组,检测鼻黏膜中Caspase-3的表达,评价CRS患者治疗24周后嗅觉障碍改善情况。结果CRS组鼻黏膜中Caspase-3的阳性表达率及蛋白表达水平均高于对照组（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示,CRS分期及分级、合并变应性鼻炎、鼻黏膜中Caspase-3表达是鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍改善的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　CRS鼻黏膜中Caspase-3表达增加与嗅觉功能障碍加重有关,同时也是鼻内镜手术后嗅觉障碍改善的影响因素。     

鼻阻力测压与鼻声反射测量的相关性研究

目的探讨主动后鼻阻力测压仪的参数——鼻阻力(nasal resistance,NR)与鼻声反射测量仪的参数——鼻腔容积(nasal cavity volume,NV)、鼻腔最小横截面积(minimal cross sectional area,MCSA)间是否具有相关性。方法应用主动后鼻阻力测压法和鼻声反射测量法对316例有鼻阻塞的患者进行前瞻性研究。根据减充血前双侧鼻阻力(bilateral NR,BNR)将患者分为2组,组1:BNR减充血前≤0.25 Pa/cm~3·s,组2:BNR减充血前>0.25 Pa/cm~3·s。Spearman等级相关分析研究上述两种客观测量法的参数在全体研究对象及各组中的相关性。结果在使用减充血剂前、后,316例患者单侧鼻阻力(unilateral NR,UNR)与单侧鼻腔容积(unilateral NV,UNV)、单侧鼻腔最小横截面积(unilateral MCSA,UMCSA)间均存在显著性负相关(P值均=0.000);组1(104例)和组2(212例)在减充血前、后的UNR与UNV、UMCSA间均存在显著性负相关(P值均=0.000)。鼻阻力与鼻腔最小横截面积的相关系数均大于鼻阻力与鼻气道容积的相关系数。结论在有鼻阻塞的患者中,NR、NV及MCSA存在负相关,MCSA是影响NR的主要因素。     

内镜下鼻腔成形术对鼻声反射及鼻阻力检测结果的影响分析

目的　探讨内镜下鼻腔成形术治疗结构性鼻炎的疗效及对鼻声反射及鼻阻力检测结果的影响。方法　2017年1月～2021年1月间在本院接受手术治疗的结构性鼻炎患者80例,术后8周评估临床疗效并分为有效组（n=63）、无效组（n=17）,并测定手术前、后鼻声反射及鼻阻力指标水平。采用Logistics回归模型分析结构性鼻炎内镜下鼻腔成形术后无效的危险因素。结果　结构性鼻炎患者手术后鼻腔最小横截面积（nasal minimal cross-sectional area,NMCA）和0-7 cm鼻腔容积（nasal cavity volume0-7,NCV0-7）水平高于 术前,鼻腔总阻力（nasal airway resistance,NAR）水平低于术前,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结构性鼻炎患者中,有效组、无效组的性别、年龄、生活习惯的分布差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;嗅觉障碍程度、长期应用鼻减充血剂、术后坚持综合治疗的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。重度嗅觉障碍、长期应用鼻减充血剂、术后未坚持综合治疗是结构性鼻炎患者内镜下鼻腔成形术后无效的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论　内镜下鼻腔成形术治疗结构性鼻炎可一定程度改善患者的鼻声反射及鼻阻力,造成治疗无效的危险因素包括重度嗅觉障碍、长期应用鼻减充血剂、术后未坚持综合治疗等。     

YKL-40与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎组织重构的相关性探讨

YKL-40是哺乳类动物类几丁质酶蛋白家族的一员。近年来的多项研究则进一步表明YKL-40在哮喘、关节炎等多种炎性疾病中表达升高,并在疾病的组织重塑中发挥了重要作用。慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)是鼻-鼻窦黏膜的持续性炎症,主要表现为鼻塞、黏性分泌物、鼻黏膜充血和后鼻滴漏,次要表现为面部压迫感和头痛。CRS的发病机制十分复杂,目前已知炎性反应和组织重构在病理进程中发挥重要作用。在CRS临床分型、诊断和治疗等诸多方面尚存在争议,目前临床上主要依靠鼻内镜检查及CT扫描进行分型诊断,缺乏能在病理生理机制及分子细胞水平深入反映疾病特征的标志物。结合文献探讨YKL-40与慢性鼻窦炎组织重构和炎性反应的相关性以及作为血清标志物的可能性。     

Comparison of optical rhinometry and active anterior rhinomanometry using nasal provocation testing

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a correlation between active anterior rhinomanometry (RMM) and optical rhinometry (ORM) data in the detection of changes in nasal congestion. DESIGN: In 70 subjects both ORM and RMM were performed. Changes in nasal congestion were induced by nasal provocation with histamine, allergens, solvent, and xylometazoline hydrochloride, 0.1%. Using visual analog scales, subjects rated the degree of nasal congestion and how comfortable each of the 2 measures was. In total, 136 measurements were evaluated. SUBJECTS: Seventy subjects were included in the study. All had a normal otorhinolaryngologic status with no acute or chronic infections. INTERVENTIONS: Nasal provocation tests with allergens, histamine, control solution, or xylometazoline were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Congestion or decongestion of the nasal mucosa was measured via nasal resistance (RMM), changes in light absorption of the nasal tissue (ORM), and visual analog scale. RESULTS: When comparing the relative change in light extinction in ORM with nasal airflow in RMM, we found correlation coefficients up to r = -0.69. Results from RMM were correlated with the subjects' ratings of nasal congestion (r = -0.63). In comparison, the correlation coefficient between these ratings and ORM was r = 0.84. In addition, ORM was rated to be more comfortable than RMM. CONCLUSIONS: The subjects' ratings of nasal congestion correlated to a higher degree with the results from ORM than with those from RMM. In addition, ORM was rated as more comfortable than RMM. Overall, ORM appeared to be a valid technique for the assessment of changes in nasal congestion.     

Objective and subjective evaluation of endoscopic nasal surgery outcomes

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms include nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and facial pain associated with rhinosinusitis disability. When resistance to medical treatment is associated with endonasal anomalies, endoscopic nasal surgery (ENS) can be proposed. However, objective and subjective assessment criteria regarding the evaluation of ENS outcomes remain unclear. The aims of this study were to evaluate the correlation between the inflammation in the nasal mucosa, objective recordings of nasal airway resistance (NAR), subjective evaluation of symptom intensity, and the impact of ENS on patient-perceived rhinosinusitis disability. METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients (35 men and 26 women; mean age, 37.5 years) suffering from CRS were monitored at 4 months and 2 years after ENS. All middle turbinate mucosa were analyzed for the density of nonspecific inflammatory cells. All patients scored their own subjective rhinosinusitis symptoms and complaints of rhinosinusitis disability. An active anterior rhinomanometry was performed. RESULTS: A good correlation was observed between subjective and objective NAR (p < 0.001). We found a significant correlation between the density of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa, subjective nasal obstruction, and the rhinosinusitis disability score (p < 0.001). Recurrent CRS was seen only in subjects with moderate to severe inflammation of the middle turbinate mucosa sampled at the first surgical intervention. Subjective rhinosinusitis symptoms, objective NAR, and rhinosinusitis disability improved significantly after ENS. CONCLUSION: The degree of inflammation seems to be a good prognostic indicator regarding CRS recurrence. Long-term outcome after ENS for CRS showed significant improvement in subjective rhinosinusitis-specific symptoms, objective NAR, and rhinosinusitis disability.     

Increased expression of interleukin-9, interleukin-9 receptor,and the calcium-activated chloride channel hCLCA1 in the upper airways of patients with cystic fibrosis

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Mucus overproduction is commonly found in airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) has been shown to mediate airway hyper-responsiveness and mucus overproduction. Recently, the calcium-activated chloride channel hCLCA1 has been described to be upregulated by IL-9 and has been thought to regulate the expression of soluble gel-forming mucins. We sought to examine the expression of IL-9, interleukin-9 receptor (IL-9R), and hCLCA1 in the upper airway of patients with cystic fibrosis in comparison to healthy control subjects and to demonstrate the relationship of IL-9, IL-9R, and hCLCA1 expression with mucus production. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective design. METHODS: Biopsy samples from nasal polyps of four patients with cystic fibrosis, nasal mucosa of six patients with cystic fibrosis, sinus mucosa of eight patients with cystic fibrosis, and nasal mucosa of six healthy control subjects were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to identify mucus glycoconjugates. IL-9, IL-9R, and hCLCA1 expression was determined by immunocytochemical study. RESULTS: We demonstrated significant increases in IL-9, IL-9R, and hCLCA1 immunoreactivity in the mucosa of patients with cystic fibrosis compared with that found in control subjects (P <.05). There were no significant differences between the different locations (nasal polyps, nasal mucosa, and sinus mucosa) in the patient group (P >.05). We also observed a significant increase in the number of mucus-producing cells in biopsy specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis in comparison to control subjects. A positive correlation was found between hCLCA1-positive cells and IL-9-positive cells (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.79, P <.05) or IL-9R-positive cells (r = 0.92, P <.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was also present between PAS-positive (mucus-producing) cells and hCLCA1-positive cells (r = 0.64, P <.05) or IL-9R-positive cells (r = 0.64, P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of IL-9 and IL-9R, as well as upregulation of hCLCA1, in mucus-overproducing epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis supports the hypothesis that IL-9 contributes to mucus overproduction in cystic fibrosis. Expression of hCLCA1 may also be responsible, in part, for the overproduction of mucus. These preliminary findings suggest that hCLCA1 might be an interesting new therapeutic target to control mucus overproduction in airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.     

主观感觉评估与解剖结构及鼻功能测量在慢性鼻窦炎中的相关性研究

目的 探讨主观感觉测量与解剖结构及鼻功能测量在慢性鼻窦炎疾病中的相关性。方法 选择2019年9月-2020年10月在山西医科大学附属汾阳医院耳鼻咽喉科就诊的慢性鼻窦炎患者43例。分别应用视觉模拟量表评估患者鼻塞主观症状;Lund-Mackay评分和Lund-Kennedy评分系统评估鼻窦CT及鼻内镜检查结果;鼻声反射、鼻阻力测量评估鼻腔通气情况,采用SPSS 19.0软件对其相关性进行统计学分析。结果 Spearman相关性显示,慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻塞视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）评分与最小横截面积2（MCA2）、最小横截面积距离前鼻孔的距离2（MD2）、距鼻孔2~5 cm鼻腔容积（Vol2~5）呈负相关（P<0.05）,与鼻腔有效阻力、Lund-Mackay评分、Lund-Kennedy评分呈正相关（P<0.05）;Lund-Mackay评分、Lund-Kennedy评分与鼻声反射、鼻阻力呈相关性（P<0.05）。结论 主观感觉测量、解剖结构测量及鼻功能测量相联合能综合评估慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻塞病情的严重程度,有利于治疗方案的选择。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎炎症状态的内镜评价和临床相关因素分析

目的探讨内镜评价系统对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（chronic rhinosinusitis，CRS）的炎症状态进行定量评价的可行性。方法以大体结构、黏膜形态、分泌物质量为主线制定标准，前瞻性地对CRS的鼻腔和鼻窦黏膜炎症状态进行评分；并将这一评分与可能影响CRS的因素（包括：年龄、病程、术后是否复发、复发时间、变应性、血清总IgE、血清嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白、分泌物细菌培养、血嗜酸粒细胞计数、局部炎症细胞等级、放射学疾病范围、吸烟、伴发的呼吸道疾病）进行单因素和多因素相关性分析；探讨通过内镜评分对CRS进行定量评价的可行性，并确定本评分系统对炎症状态的体现程度。结果在单因素分析中，与内镜评分有相关性的因素有8个：①年龄（x1，r=-0．310，P=0.016）；②疾病范围（x2，r=0.810，P〈0．0005）；③术后是否复发（x3，r=0．408，P=0.001）；④组织嗜酸粒细胞数（x4，r=0.279，P=0.031）；⑤病程（x5，r=0．536，P〈0．0005）；⑥是否伴发息肉（r=0．549，P〈0．0005）；⑦浆细胞数（r=0．317，P=0．014）；⑧复发时间（r=0．385，P=0．002）。在多元线性回归分析中，对内镜评分有独立影响的因素为：疾病范围、手术是否复发、年龄、组织嗜酸粒细胞数和病程。多元回归方程为：y=10.148—0．152（x1）＋2．250（x2）＋3．348（x3）＋1．233（x4）＋0．270（x5）。结论通过适当的内镜评价体系，对CRS的炎症状态进行定量评分是可行的，据此有望对疾病程度和预后进行一致性评估。     

TSLP与调节性T淋巴细胞在慢性鼻窦炎中的表达

目的 观察胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)及CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺调节性T细胞(Tregs)在单纯慢性鼻窦炎中的表达,探讨二者在慢性鼻窦炎发生发展过程中可能的作用机制。方法 收集25例慢性鼻窦炎患者的鼻窦黏膜为实验组, 28例鼻中隔偏曲患者的下鼻甲黏膜为对照组, 采用Q-RT-PCR和免疫组化技术检测各组鼻腔黏膜中调节性T细胞、Foxp3 mRNA和TSLP mRNA的表达, 并分析TSLP与调节性T细胞、Foxp3 mRNA的相关关系。结果 ①TSLP mRNA、Foxp3 mRNA、调节性T细胞在慢性鼻窦炎中的表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05), TSLP与Foxp3 mRNA的表达在慢性鼻窦炎中呈正相关(r=0.977 3, P<0.000 1);②根据免疫组化结果计数Tregs数量, TSLP与调节性T细胞在慢性鼻窦炎中的表达也呈正相关关系(r=0.864 6, P<0.000 1)。结论 TSLP可通过诱导调节性T细胞的发育和增殖, 维持免疫自稳, 参与慢性鼻窦炎的发生发展过程, 其具体的机制有待进一步研究。     

Important clinical symptoms in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of individual Rhinosinusitis Task Force (RSTF) symptoms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in 201 patients treated with FESS. The prevalence and severity of individual RSTF major and minor symptom scores graded on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared. Correlation between absolute improvement in individual symptom scores at 1-year postoperative was performed. RESULTS: One-hundred fifty-eight of 201 patients met inclusion criteria giving a response rate of 78%. The average age was 49.4 (range 18-80) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The preoperative leading mean symptom scores were postnasal drip (5.8 +/- 0.3), nasal obstruction (5.7 +/- 0.3), and facial congestion (5.1 +/- 0.3). These symptoms were also the most prevalent with 82%, 84%, and 79% of patients reporting these symptoms, respectively. Postoperative symptom improvements were significant (P < .0001) across all RSTF domains except fever. The highest percentage improvement was seen with facial congestion (93%), nasal obstruction (92%), and postnasal drip (85%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant (P < .0001) high correlation between improvements of facial pain/pressure with facial congestion (R = 0.72), facial congestion with nasal obstruction (R = 0.65), and facial pain/pressure with headache (R = 0.72). CONCLUSION: The top three RSTF symptoms were postnasal drip, nasal obstruction, and facial congestion in terms of prevalence and severity. Symptom scores improved after FESS. Of these symptoms, the degree of improvement of facial pain/pressure, facial congestion, nasal obstruction, and headache are highly correlated.     

Abhängigkeit des uni- und bilateralen Riechvermögens von der nasalen Strömung bei Patienten mit chronischer Rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVE: Olfactory dysfunction is a common finding in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between olfaction and nasal flow as determined by active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). METHODS: Thirty patients with CRS were included in this series. Patients' histories and subjective assessments of olfaction were documented with questionnaires. Smell tests, assessments of olfaction, AAR, and results of rhinoscopy were recorded, including odor identification, discrimination and thresholds measured with the "Sniffin' Sticks"-test. RESULTS: CRS influenced olfactory performances variably in the different tests: 10% of the patients had pathologic rates of odor discrimination, compared with 34% in odor identification and 73% in thresholds. Statistical analyses (using Spearman's test) indicated a significant correlation between nasal airflow and odor identification screening (r29 = 0.56, P < 0.01) and n-butanol-threshold (r29 = 0.44, P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Olfactory performance in CRS was correlated to several parameters of nasal airflow measured with AAR. The n-butanol threshold test revealed the most frequent pathological results and may best be used for detecting olfactory disorders. However, because a number of factors may influence olfactory dysfunction in CRS, our findings must be evaluated in a lager series.