颅咽管瘤钙化与CD44V6的关系

目的分析颅咽管瘤组织中CD44V6的表达与颅咽管瘤钙化的关系。方法收集2004年5月～2006年3月经手术治疗的颅咽管瘤标本54例。根据术中所见及影像学表现确定肿瘤钙化程度，采用苏木精一伊红染色分析肿瘤组织类型，免疫组化法检测CD44V6在肿瘤组织中的表达情况。结合临床资料分析钙化程度与CD44V6表达强度的关系。结果成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤41例，鳞状细胞型颅咽管瘤13例。经Mann—Whitney U检验分析，成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤CD44V6的表达显著高于鳞状细胞型颅咽管瘤（Z=-4．813，P〈0．001）。经Spearman相关分析，在成釉细胞型中随着钙化程度的增加，CD44V6表达程度显著增强（rs=0．527，P〈0．01）。结论CD44V6与颅咽管瘤的钙化密切相关，可能是影响其钙化程度的重要因素。     

颅咽管瘤钙化程度与骨桥蛋白的关系

目的通过检测颅咽管瘤组织中骨桥蛋白(OPN)的表达量来分析OPN与颅咽管瘤钙化的关系。方法收集本单位自2004年5月至2006年3月手术的颅咽管瘤标本共54例,根据术中所见及影像学结果分析钙化程度,采用HE染色分析组织类型,免疫组化SP法检测OPN的表达情况;结合临床资料分析钙化程度与OPN表达强度的关系。结果肿瘤分两种类型即成釉细胞型(41例),鳞状细胞型(13例)。经Mann-WhitneyU检验分析,OPN表达程度在成釉细胞型与鳞状细胞型之间存在显著性差异(Z=-4.813,P<0.001),成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的表达显著高于鳞状细胞型颅咽管瘤。经Spearman相关分析,在成釉细胞型中随着钙化程度的增加,OPN表达程度显著增强(rs=0.533,P<0.01)。结论OPN与颅咽管瘤的钙化密切相关,推测是影响颅咽管瘤钙化程度的重要因素。     

颅咽管瘤骨桥蛋白免疫组化及免疫电镜研究

目的通过研究颅咽管瘤的超微结构及其与钙化的关系,探讨颅咽管瘤钙化形成的分子基础进一步明确骨桥蛋白(os-teopontin,OPN)在其钙化过程中的作用。方法免疫组化SP法检测OPN在54例颅咽管瘤组织中的表达情况,结合临床资料分析钙化程度与OPN表达强度的关系。对颅咽管瘤组织超微结构进行透射电镜观察,并从超微定位水平检测OPN在颅咽管瘤中的表达。结果透射电镜明确颅咽管瘤的超微结构。经Spearman相关分析,在成釉细胞型中随着钙化程度的增加,OPN表达程度显著增强(rs=0.533,P<0.01)。经Mann-WhitneyU检验分析,OPN表达程度在成釉细胞型与鳞状细胞型之间差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.813,P<0.001),成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的表达显著高于鳞状细胞型颅咽管瘤。OPN免疫电镜显示OPN主要定位于肿瘤细胞胞浆的内质网上。结论OPN可能是颅咽管瘤的钙化过程中重要的影响因素。     

核转录因子κB在颅咽管瘤炎症中的表达

目的探讨NF-κB与颅咽管瘤炎症反应的关系。方法免疫组化SP法检测核转录因子(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)的P65亚基、骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)在54例颅咽管瘤组织中的表达情况,以及炎症标志物C反应蛋白在成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤患者血清、脑脊液及肿瘤囊液中的检测结果,结合临床资料分析颅咽管瘤与炎症的关系。结果NF-κB(P65亚基)在成釉细胞型中过度表达,经Mann-Whitney U检验分析,成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的表达显著高于鳞状细胞型颅咽管瘤(Z=-4.532,P0.001)。经Spearman相关分析,在成釉细胞型中NF-κB(P65亚基)与OPN表达程度呈正相关。C反应蛋白在成釉细胞型颅咽管瘤患者肿瘤囊液、脑脊液及血清中明显升高,分别为(4.28±0.90)mg/mL、(0.035±0.006)mg/mL、(1.72±0.54)mg/mL。结论炎症是颅咽管瘤与周围重要结构紧密粘连主要的影响因素,NF-κB与颅咽管瘤炎症的发生密切相关。     

SYBR荧光实时定量PCR检测不同病理类型颅咽管瘤ICAM-1 mRNA表达

目的定量研究细胞间粘附分子基因(ICAM—1 mRNA)在不同病理类型颅咽管瘤的表达差异及意义。方法收集30例经手术治疗的颅咽管瘤标本,采用SYBR荧光实时定量PCR法检测 ICAM-1 mRNA在肿瘤组织的表达,并对表达结果行统计学分析。结果造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤 ICAM-1mRNA表达量为(62．18±6．43)×103 copies／μg,鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤ICAM-1 mRNA表达量为 (1．13±0．17)×103 copies／μg,造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤ICAM-1 mRNA表达量显著性高于鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤(P<0．01)。结论两种病理类型颅咽管瘤ICAM—1 mRNA表达存在显著性差异,此差异性可能与两种病理类型颅咽管瘤不同的肿瘤炎症有关。     

miR-200家族及侵袭相关基因ZEB1、ZEB2和CTNNB1在颅咽管瘤组织中的表达及意义

目的 检测miR-200家族及侵袭相关基因ZEB1、ZEB2和CTNNB1在颅咽管瘤组织中的表达并初步探讨其在颅咽管瘤侵袭性生长中的作用.方法 收集四川大学华西医院自2017年6月-2018年12月经手术切除的造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤(ACP)30例和鳞状上皮乳头型颅咽管瘤(PCP)30例的新鲜标本,手术切除的失活脑组织作为...     

眉弓上锁孔入路显微手术切除大型颅咽管瘤

目的总结经眉弓上锁孔入路显微手术切除大型颅咽管瘤的手术经验。方法回顾性分析31例颅咽管瘤病人的临床资料,均经手术和病理证实。术中采用显露肿瘤,保护重要血管和神经,分块切除肿瘤的策略;术后积极处理并发症。结果 肿瘤全切24例,大部切除7例。术后病理检查显示:成釉细胞型12例,鳞状上皮型15例,未分型4例。术后尿崩症加重7例,高钠综合征2例,嗜睡3例,高热4例,视力损害加重2例;死亡1例。残余肿瘤给予常规放疗或立体定向放射外科治疗。30例随访3个月~7.2年,平均3.9年。术前症状均不同程度好转,肿瘤复发4例。结论采用眉上锁孔入路显微手术切除大型颅咽管瘤是一种微创、安全的手术方法,能取得良好的临床疗效。     

颅咽管瘤β-连接素表达及其基因突变分析

目的分析不同病理类型颅咽管瘤的β-连接素表达特征及基因外显子3突变的意义。方法研究我院自2004年1月至2006年1月共23例颅咽管瘤标本,其中造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤20例、鳞状乳头型3例,应用免疫组化方法检测β-连接素表达特征,同时分析其基因外显子3的突变情况。结果免疫组化结果显示,β-连接素在造釉细胞瘤型颅咽管瘤的细胞核及细胞浆中表达,而在鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤中仅见细胞膜表达;基因突变分析显示,40%的造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤β-连接素基因在外显子3上发生突变,鳞状乳头型无此突变。结论造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤和鳞状乳头型颅咽管瘤不仅在临床病理上,而且在分子水平也存在差异。β-连接素基因外显子3的突变在造釉细胞型颅咽管瘤的发生、发展中可能起一定作用。     

颅咽管瘤的临床特征与预后的相关因素分析

目的研究影响颅咽管瘤术后治疗效果的相关临床因素。方法回顾性分析60例颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切40例,次全切14例,大部分切除6例;症状改善（有效）44例,恶化10例,死亡6例。术后病理学结果显示釉质上皮型49例,鳞状乳头型11例。釉质上皮型肿瘤直径为2-4cm所占比例（32．7％,16／49）明显低于鳞状乳头型（81．8％,9／11,P〈0．05）,而直径〉4cm所占比例（61．2％,30／49）明显高于鳞状乳头型（9．1％,1／11,P〈0．05）,釉质上皮型肿瘤呈实性所占比例（6．8％,4／49）明显低于鳞状乳头型（36．4％,4／11,P〈0．05）。手术有效的患者中肿瘤大部分切除所占比例（2．3％,1／44）明显低于手术无效（恶化＋死亡）的患者（31．3％,5／16,P〈0．05）。结论不同病理学类型的颅咽管瘤患者在肿瘤大小及肿瘤成分上存在较大差异,肿瘤切除程度是影响颅咽管瘤患者手术治疗效果的重要因素。     

颅咽管瘤侵袭第三脑室的方式对手术切除的影响

目的 探讨大型颅咽管瘤与第三脑室的关系在肿瘤切除手术中的意义. 方法 南方医科大学南方医院神经外科白1997年1月至2003年1月共采用手术治疗大型颅咽管瘤患者72例.根据肿瘤的影像学表现及手术所见对其进行分类,每一类肿瘤根据大小及其与第三腩室底的关系分为3级,根据术中判断和术后CT和(或)MPd增强扫描结果确定颅咽管瘤手术切除程度,分析肿瘤分级与手术切除程度的关系. 结果颅咽管瘤总体上可以分为第三脑室内型(本组7例)和第三脑室累及型(本组65例)两大类;手术切除程度在不同分级肿瘤间总体分布位置不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 明确大型颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底及下丘腩结构间的关系对提高大型颅咽管瘤手术疗效有重要意义.     

Clinicopathological study of Rathke's cleft cysts

The clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of Rathke's cleft cyst are analyzed and compared with those of ciliated and goblet cell craniopharyngioma (a subset of papillary craniopharyngioma) to clarify the clinicopathological differences between these conditions. We analyzed 42 patients with Rathke's cleft cyst and 3 patients with ciliated and goblet cell craniopharyngioma. Cyst contents and MRI findings of the cyst generally reflected changing pathology of Rathke's cleft cyst. Turbid and less viscous cyst content and heterogeneous T1 and/or T2 signals on MRI sometimes represented predominance of squamous epithelium in the cyst wall. Pathological study disclosed smooth transition from ciliated columnar epithelium typical for Rathke's cleft cyst, via ciliated squamous epithelium, to squamous epithelium typical for craniopharyngioma in the same patients. Ki-67 immunostaining disclosed that the proliferative index of squamous epithelium of Rathke's cleft cyst is significantly higher than that of simple or pseudostratified epithelium of Rathke's cleft cyst (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our extensive study on Rathke's cleft cyst revealed that the high possibility of progression from Rathke's cleft cyst, in which either the cyst content or cyst wall are atypical or squamous epithelium is predominant, compared to ciliated and goblet cell craniopharyngioma and again to papillary craniopharyngioma.     

Ciliated craniopharyngioma may arise from Rathke cleft cyst

OBJECTIVE: The histogenesis of craniopharyngioma is not fully understood. We encountered a ciliated craniopharyngioma, the details of which may shed light on the histogeny of craniopharyngioma in general. PATIENT: A 74-year-old man presented with visual disturbance. Computed tomography showed an intra-suprasellar cyst including a solid tumor. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed. During surgery, the cyst was found to contain mucoid milky-white fluid and a solid tumor 1 cm in diameter. Histologically, the tumor was shown to be a papillary type craniopharyngioma with foci of ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Ciliated craniopharyngioma was diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Our findings in this case together with findings in other reported cases suggest that the basal cells of Rathke cleft cyst transform to papillary type craniopharyngioma after squamous metaplasia, explaining the presence of the cilia and goblet cells.     

A case of craniopharyngioma with chemical meningitis as an initial symptom]

We reported a rare case of craniopharyngioma with chemical meningitis due to spontaneous rupture of the tumor. A 50-year-old woman was admitted with high fever, headache, and nausea. On physical examination, she had nuchal rigidity. The examination of her cerebral spinal fluid(CSF) revealed pleocytosis(mononuclear cell dominant), low value of glucose level and high content of protein. The feature of her CSF findings suggested tuberculosis or fungal meningitis, but bacteriologic culture of the CSF was negative. The CT scan showed an isodensity mass in the suprasellar region and a spotty calcification in the third ventricle. The MRI with gadolinium enhancement suggested that the tumor must be craniopharyngioma and that meningitis was a type of chemical meningitis due to spontaneous rupture of craniopharyngioma. The corticosteroid therapy was rather effective to the symptoms of fever and headache. Then the operation was performed by neurosurgeons, and the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma was pathologically confirmed. Spontaneous rupture of craniopharyngioma rarely occurred and was followed by chemical meningitis. This case was an extremely rare condition that presented with chemical meningitis as an initial symptom.     

Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region: a clinicopathological entity different from adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

Xanthogranulomatous change of craniopharyngioma, consisting of cholesterol clefts, macrophages, chronic inflammatory infiltrates, necrotic debris and hemosiderin deposits, has been traditionally considered a hallmark of the adamantinomatous variant, even in the absence of epithelium. Based on a series of 110 craniopharyngioma patients undergoing primary surgery, we found 37 specimens with a predominating xanthogranulomatous component. Only 3 of these cases (8%) exhibited additional histological features of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, while 13 cases (35%) contained non-adamantinomatous epithelium composed of squamous or ciliated cuboidal cells. Subsequent clinical analysis revealed that these 37 xanthogranulomatous lesions differed from 59 classical adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas with respect to preferential occurrence in adolescents and young adults (mean age 27 years), predominant intrasellar location, smaller tumor size, more severe endocrinological deficits, longer preoperative history, lower frequency of calcification and visual disturbances, better resectability, and a more favorable outcome. On the other hand, xanthogranulomatous and adamantinomatous lesions did not differ with respect to sex, amount of cystic components, or the intraoperative aspect, considered by the neurosurgeon as being typical for craniopharyngioma in all cases. We suggest that xanthogranuloma (cholesterol granuloma) of the sellar region is clinically and pathologically distinct from the classical adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Received: 17 August 1998 / Accepted: 22 October 1998     

Calcification in carotid atheromatous plaque: delineation by 3D-CT angiography, compared with pathological findings

The authors investigated calcification in the carotid plaque of patients with carotid stenosis, using three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) and comparing the images with findings from pathological inspection. Calcification was clearly visualized using volume rendering (VR) images constructed with a refined workstation as well as maximum intensity projection and multiplanar reconstruction images. Calcification in VR images was classified into bean- and island-like shaped groups, while calcification in microscopic examination was classified into granular, lump and laminar types. Granular type of calcification tended to be found at the intimal side of the plaque, while lump/laminar calcification was preferentially located at the side of the internal elastic fiber. Though carotid endarterectomy successfully removed calcification at both sides, the presence of a granular calcification assembly when massive calcification is observed with 3D-CTA might alert us to the importance of predicting the hardness of plaque in carotid angioplasty and stenting.     

Calcification in carotid atheromatous plaque: delineation by 3D-CT angiography,compared with pathological findings

Abstract

The authors investigated calcification in the carotid plaque of patients with carotid stenosis, using three-dimensional CT angiography (3D-CTA) and comparing the images with findings from pathological inspection. Calcification was clearly visualized using volume rendering (VR) images constructed with a refined workstation as well as maximum intensity projection and multiplanar reconstruction images. Calcification in VR images was classified into bean- and island-like shaped groups, while calcification in microscopic examination was classified into granular, lump and laminar types. Granular type of calcification tended to be found at the intimal side of the plaque, while lump/laminar calcification was preferentially located at the side of the internal elastic fiber. Though carotid endarterectomy successfully removed calcification at both sides, the presence of a granular calcification assembly when massive calcification is observed with 3D-CTA might alert us to the importance of predicting the hardness of plaque in carotid angioplasty and stenting.     

基于QST分型的颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底脑膜层次的关系

目的探索基于QST分型的、累及第三脑室底的颅咽管瘤与第三脑室底脑膜层次的关系及临床意义。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年10月南方医科大学南方医院神经外科在神经内镜下行肿瘤全切除术治疗累及第三脑室底的原发性颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料(共17例,其中Q型6例,S型3例,T型8例),所有患者术中均留取肿瘤组织标本。正常鞍区标本来源于同期该院行人工引产或自然流产的胎儿(8例)。对以上标本进行苏木素-伊红(HE)和免疫荧光双标染色,应用波形蛋白抗体标记硬脑膜,Ⅰ型胶原蛋白抗体标记蛛网膜,胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体和层粘连蛋白抗体标记软脑膜,以CK18抗体标记腺垂体,以CK5/6抗体标记颅咽管瘤。观察胎儿脑组织标本的脑膜染色情况以及不同QST分型的颅咽管瘤组织与第三脑室底脑膜的层次关系。结果8例胎儿标本均成功标记硬脑膜、蛛网膜、软脑膜。颅咽管瘤标本HE染色及免疫荧光双标染色结果显示,所有Q型肿瘤(6/6)与第三脑室底之间存在硬脑膜(鞍膈);所有S型肿瘤(3/3)与第三脑室底之间存在蛛网膜和软脑膜;T型肿瘤与第三脑室底之间存在3种病理学形态关系,分别命名为卯榫样、地幔样及护城河样关系,所有T型肿瘤(8/8)与第三脑室底之间有软脑膜分隔,但在肿瘤起源点处,软脑膜可逐渐消失。当肿瘤极度挤压第三脑室空间时,第三脑室室管膜仍可保持完整。结论不同QST分型的颅咽管瘤均可累及第三脑室底,且与第三脑室底之间存在不同的脑膜层次;这些脑膜层次是手术安全切除累及第三脑室底的颅咽管瘤的天然屏障。     

颅咽管瘤全切除术后血钠紊乱分析及治疗

目的总结颅咽管瘤全切除术后血钠紊乱的发生规律和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析46例颅咽管瘤病人术后血钠紊乱的情况,分析血钠紊乱与病人年龄、肿瘤位置的关系。结果术后出现血钠紊乱者42例(91.3%),其中单纯低钠型9例(19.6%),单纯高钠型6例(13.0%),混合型血钠紊乱27例(58.7%)。42例术后血钠紊乱者中,术后3个月内恢复正常40例;1例持续高钠血症者在术后1.5年恢复正常;另1例持续高钠血症者术后2个月死于肺栓塞。15例儿童病人中7例在围手术期出现癫疒间发作,31例成年病人无一例出现癫疒间发作。结论颅咽管瘤全切除后血钠紊乱的发生率显著高于术前(P<0.001);术后血钠紊乱的类型与年龄、肿瘤复发、肿瘤囊实性和肿瘤位置无关(P>0.05)。纠正血钠紊乱是儿童颅咽管瘤病人在围手术期预防癫疒间发作的关键。