超声心动图在复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病双向Glenn分流术前、术后的临床应用

目的 探讨超声心动图在复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病双向Glenn分流术前、术后评价及随访中的应用价值.方法 对23例接受双向Glenn分流术的复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病患者,采用超声心动图分别测量术前、术后肺动脉主干及左、右分支的内径、左心室舒张末期内径、肺动脉峰值血流速度,并比较手术前后的变化情况,观察上腔静脉与肺动脉吻合处的血流速度和通畅程度.结果 1例患者于双向Glenn分流术后第2天死于低心输出量.对余22例患者术后进行超声随访6～36个月,术后血氧饱和度、肺动脉主干及左、右分支内径、左心室舒张末期内径及肺动脉峰值血流速度均较术前有不同程度改善(P＜0.05).结论 双向Glenn分流术可促进肺血管和左心室发育,提高血氧饱和度.超声心动图在复杂紫绀型先天性心脏病双向Glenn分流术的术前评估、术后近期监测及远期随访中具有一定临床应用价值.     

全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术的适应证及术前评估进展

全腔静脉-肺动脉连接术(total cavopulmonary connection,TCPC)又称改良Fontan 术,常用于无法行解剖学矫治的复杂先天性心脏病(complex congenital heart disease ,CCHD)患者,作为双向Glenn 分流术后的二期手术方式,常用术式是通过人造血管将下腔静脉连接于主肺动脉或右肺动脉,以实现上、下腔静脉血完全引流入肺动脉的生理性矫治;也可作为肺血管发育良好和心脏功能良好的CCHD 患者一期手术纠治.本文对TCPC 术的适应证及术前评估进展进行综述.     

磁共振在先天性心脏病术后随访中的应用

目的：评价磁共振在先天性心脏病术后随访中的应用价值。方法：MRI应用于96例先天性心脏病术后检查中，平均年龄5.71岁（5天~24岁），姑息术后64例，根治术后32例，扫描序列包括真稳态进动快速成像序列（FIESTA），双反转恢复序列（double IR），相位流速编码技术（PC-MRI），CE-MRA。结果：96例中MRI诊断18处ECHO未显示或显示不清的残余心外大血管解剖畸形及吻合口狭窄。23例腔肺吻合（Glenn）术后中5例奇静脉扩张，PC-MRI测得奇静脉内血流为逆向血流。5例全腔肺吻合（Fontan）术后2例血流动力学等效于Glenn术后。5例TOF根治术后中3例肺动脉轻－中度返流，2例重度返流，2例左右肺动脉血流比严重失调。7例完全性肺静脉异位引流（TAPVC）术后吻合口狭窄3例，其中一支肺静脉严重狭窄的患儿中，PC-MRI测得同侧肺动脉流速降低，舒张期反向血流。结论：心脏MRI除了能提供任一平面清晰的心血管解剖图像，结合电影序列及相位编码技术还能提供全面的心功能及血液动力学信息，是先天性心脏病术后随访中的理想影像学诊断方法。     

有搏动性双向Glenn术患者的术后护理

目的总结肺血减少型紫绀型先天性心脏病患者行有搏动性双向腔静脉肺动脉分流术(Glenn)的术后护理经验,探讨术后监护方法、并发症及其合适的护理对策,以期提高该手术的术后护理质量.方法16例难以解剖根治的肺血减少型紫绀型先天性心脏病患者,在非体外循环下行有搏动性双向Glenn术,术后取合适半卧位、适当镇静、过度通气、应用扩血管药物、监测生命体征及血液动力学指标和胸管护理等.结果16例患者中术后发生反复右侧胸腔积液2例,上胸壁水肿1例,经内科保守治疗后痊愈,16例均痊愈出院.门诊随访2个月～3.5年,心肺功能恢复良好,无远期死亡.结论有搏动性双向Glenn术是肺血减少型紫绀型先天性心脏病有效的姑息性手术方法,术后严密的加强护理计划可提高手术成功率.     

超声造影在肝移植术后血管并发症诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声造影在肝移植术后血管并发症诊断中的价值。方法对200例肝移植术后患者行谐波超声造影,工作站录像并由4名有经验的医师分析作出诊断。结果超声造影准确诊断12例肝移植术后血管并发症患者。其中肝动脉栓塞3例（其中2例显示侧支循环）,门静脉栓塞5例（其中门静脉部分栓塞3例）,门静脉吻合口狭窄2例,下腔静脉吻合口狭窄1例,肝静脉与腔静脉吻合口处狭窄1例。2例常规超声因没取到频谱从而怀疑肝动脉栓塞的患者通过造影排除了栓塞可能,1例患者通过超声造影纠正了常规超声肝动脉狭窄的诊断。结论超声造影对于肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断有较高的价值,其应用有利于减少进一步有创检查的使用。     

一例心房外管道全腔静脉肺动脉吻合术的护理

心房外管道全腔静脉肺动脉吻合术(TCPC)是将上腔静脉与右肺动脉端侧吻合;横断下腔静脉与右心房连接处,逢闭近心端,将下腔静脉通过人工血管与主肺动脉端侧吻合,增加肺循环血流量。该术式具有操作简便,主动脉阻断时间短,可分期手术,术后心律失常发生率低等优点。我病房2006年12月26日为1例先天性心脏病患儿施行心房外管道全腔静脉肺动脉吻合术。现将护理体会总结如下。1病例简介患儿女性,6岁半,出生后3个月即诊断为“复杂型先天性心脏病”,曾于2年前在外院行双向格林术及动脉导管结扎术。于2006年12月19日以复杂型先天性心脏病一单心室、大…     

复杂先天性心脏病姑息手术的彩色多普勒超声分析及评价

目的 探讨复杂先天性心脏病不同类型姑息手术彩色多普勒超声心动图特点，总结超声在评价此类手术中的应用价值。方法 对接受姑息性手术的27例复杂先天性心脏病患者超声心动图检查进行回顾性分析，总结不同类型姑息手术的超声心动图特点，并对部分指标进行术前及术后对比。本组患者姑息手术方式包括双向上腔静脉一肺动脉连接分流术12例，双侧双向上腔静脉一肺动脉连接分流术2例，锁骨下动脉一右肺动脉分流术6例（Blalock-Taussig分流），升主动脉一肺动脉分流术（中心分流）2例，肺动脉束带手术5例。结果 姑息手术术后二维及彩色多普勒血流显像均获得满意显示，不同术式具有不同特征性表现，行分流术患者术后血流动力学指标较术前改善。结论 各种姑息术后声像图有其特殊表现，超声可对复杂先天性心脏病姑息手术术后情况详细显示，为临床手术治疗效果的评价提供可靠依据。     

有搏动性双向Glenn术患者的术后护理

目的　总结肺血减少型紫绀型先天性心脏病患者行有搏动性双向腔静脉肺动脉分流术(Glenn)的术后护理经验 ,探讨术后监护方法、并发症及其合适的护理对策 ,以期提高该手术的术后护理质量。方法　 16例难以解剖根治的肺血减少型紫绀型先天性心脏病患者 ,在非体外循环下行有搏动性双向Glenn术 ,术后取合适半卧位、适当镇静、过度通气、应用扩血管药物、监测生命体征及血液动力学指标和胸管护理等。结果　 16例患者中术后发生反复右侧胸腔积液 2例 ,上胸壁水肿 1例 ,经内科保守治疗后痊愈 ,16例均痊愈出院。门诊随访 2个月～ 3.5年 ,心肺功能恢复良好 ,无远期死亡。结论　有搏动性双向Glenn术是肺血减少型紫绀型先天性心脏病有效的姑息性手术方法 ,术后严密的加强护理计划可提高手术成功率。     

1例双侧双向格林术患儿的个案护理

正双向格林手术又称双向上腔静脉肺动脉吻合术,是通过上腔静脉与右肺动脉端侧吻合,将回流到上腔静脉的血分流到双肺的一种手术。该术是目前治疗功能性单心室复杂发绀型先天性心脏病较有效的生理矫治方法[1]。双侧双向格林手术是在双向格林术的基础上,同时将残留的左上腔静脉与左侧肺动脉进行端侧吻合。我科于2015年1月28日为一患儿成功实施气管插管静脉复合麻醉体外循环下双侧双向格林术,手术顺利,术后恢     

三尖瓣闭锁全腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术后特殊改变1例分析

对三尖瓣闭锁全腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术后特殊改变1例分析如下. 1病历摘要 女,15岁.因先天性心脏病、三尖瓣闭锁于3a前行单向格林术,为完全纠正发绀来我院行二期手术.于2010-05-14在我院行全麻低温体外循环下下腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术.术前诊断:先天性心脏病,三尖瓣闭锁,室间隔缺损(肌部),单向Glenn 术后.2009-10-14一期手术术前超声报告:左心房室及右心房增大,右室腔较小.室壁厚度正常,运动协调.     

CTA诊断冠状动脉异常起源肺动脉

目的 探讨冠状动脉（简称冠脉）异常起源肺动脉（ACAPA）的CTA图像特征。方法 回顾性分析本院收治的24例ACAPA的患者资料,分析其CTA表现,并与手术结果对照。结果 24例患者中,发生于左冠脉20例（20/24,83.33%）、右冠脉1例（1/24,4.17%）、前降支1例（1/24,4.17%）、回旋支2例（2/24,8.33%）。冠脉异常起源部位：起源于肺动脉窦或肺动脉主干后壁11例（11/24,45.83%）、左壁7例（7/24,29.17%）、右壁4例（7/24,16.67%）,起源于左肺动脉2例（2/24,8.33%）。侧支循环：婴儿型5例,冠脉间未见侧支血管;成人型19例,其中左/右冠脉异常起源16例,前降支异常起源1例,回旋支异常起源2例。合并双前降支和冠脉在升主动脉壁内走行各1例。外科手术19例。术后CTA复查5例,1例人工管道与回旋支吻合口局限性狭窄,1例右心室流出道再狭窄,1例冠脉假性动脉瘤。结论 CTA可清晰显示冠脉异常起源部位、与升主动脉的距离、侧支血管、合并其他冠脉畸形,有助于术前制定手术方式及术后随访。     

Evaluation of pulmonary blood supply by multiplanar cine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pulmonary atresia and severe pulmonary stenosis

The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of multiplanar cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating pre- and post-operative pulmonary circulation in patients with pulmonary atresia and severe pulmonary stenosis. Seventy-three multiplanar cine MRIs were performed in 30 patients, aged 1 month to 7 years (mean age, 27 months). The morphology and size of the central pulmonary arteries (PA), source of the major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA), patency of Blalock–Taussig (BT) shunt vessels, and the post-operative pulmonary circulation were assessed. The accuracy of cine MRI was compared with that of angiography in all patients. The PA was visualized to the first hilar branch in 21 patients, but not in 8 patients in whom the central PA was absent. On follow-up MRI, PA growth was measured, and the results showed excellent correlation with the results obtained by angiography. In 17 patients who had undergone 23 BT shunt operations, cine MRI correctly demonstrated all patient shunts and 5 of 6 stenotic lesions. Multiplanar cine MRI provided excellent detail of the peripheral PA in all patients, 7 of 8 peripheral pulmonary stenoses, 3 of 4 nonconfluent pulmonary arteries, and 2 of 3 PA obstructions. Although the sources of MAPCA were identified in 7 of 9 patients, the distal connection of the MAPCA was not detected in all patients. Seven patients were reexamined after pulmonary plasty; they exhibited normal pulmonary flow patterns. Multiplanar cine MRI provides high-resolution imaging of PA with dynamic visualization of flow and is an effective noninvasive technique for evaluating pre- and post-operative patients with pulmonary atresia and severe pulmonary stenosis.     

MSCT在功能性单心室Fontan术后随访中的价值

目的 探讨MSCT在功能性单心室（FSV） Fontan术后随访中的价值。方法 回顾性分析32例FSV患者Fontan术后随访复查的MSCT、心血管造影（CAG）和临床资料。采用个体化手动触发双期MSCT扫描,定性评估Fontan管道和术后并发症情况,并测量双侧肺动脉起始处内径和降主动脉（膈肌水平）内径,计算McGoon指数,以评估肺动脉发育。采用Pearson相关性分析评价双侧肺动脉起始处内径与CAG测量的肺动脉舒张期压力、McGoon指数与肺血管血流阻力指数之间的关系。结果 MSCT检出3例右心房-肺动脉连接,10例全腔-肺动脉连接,11例心外Fontan管道和8例心外Y型Fontan管道;并检出8例Fontan术后并发症,包括2例肺动-静脉瘘,3例主-肺动脉侧支,2例Fontan管道附壁血栓和1例室壁瘤。MSCT测量左、右肺动脉起始处内径分别为（1.36±0.22） cm、（1.40±0.15） cm,均与CAG测量同侧肺动脉舒张期压力呈负相关（r=-0.755、-0.678,P均<0.001）。McGoon指数与肺血管血流阻力指数呈负相关（r=-0.676,P<0.001）。结论 借助快速图像获取和后处理技术,并选择个体化扫描方案,MSCT能为Fontan术后随访评估提供多项参考指标,具有重要临床应用价值。     

Management for traumatic hepatic injury diagnosed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in a patient with an occluded coeliac axis: a case report

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is the standard of care for haemodynamically-stable patients with blunt hepatic injury but it is sometimes impossible due to unfavourable vascular anatomies. This case report describes a 43-year-old male patient with abdominal pain following a motorcycle accident. Based on computed tomography (CT) findings, he was diagnosed with high-grade hepatic injury with coeliac axis stenosis (CAS) due to compression by the median arcuate ligament, and an aberrant right hepatic artery. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) demonstrated multiple high echogenic tubular and ovoid structures suggestive of active bleeding within the injured liver area. Angiography revealed unique interlobar and intrahepatic collateral vessels between the right and left hepatic arteries. Liver haemorrhages were also identified. Catheterization of the feeding arteries through the collateral pathway was unsuccessful, so a decision was made to cannulate the stenotic portion of the coeliac trunk with a 5-Fr Yashiro catheter. After several attempts, the microcatheter was successfully advanced coaxially into the common hepatic artery. Embolization was performed with a 1:2 mixture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate and iodized oil. Successful haemostasis was confirmed following TAE. CEUS helped clinicians identify active bleeding following traumatic solid organ injury. TAE was a safe and effective treatment strategy. Before performing TAE, attention should be given to the presence of CAS associated with compression by the median arcuate ligament.     

交叉肺动脉患儿临床及CT特点(附17例报道)

目的 探讨交叉肺动脉患儿的临床及CT特点。方法 回顾性分析17例交叉肺动脉患儿的临床及CT检查资料,记录合并心血管畸形、气道畸形、肺炎及其他临床合并症情况。结果 心胸CT三维重建图像可清晰显示交叉肺动脉及其合并心血管畸形、气道畸形、肺炎。其中合并房间隔缺损9例,室间隔缺损9例,主动脉右弓右降9例,动脉导管未闭5例,迷走左或右锁骨下动脉4例,主动脉缩窄3例,法洛四联症3例,主肺动脉间隔缺损2例,部分型肺静脉异位引流2例,左肺动脉狭窄1例,主动脉瓣狭窄1例,主动脉瓣二叶畸形1例,永存动脉干1例,右心室双出口1例,主动脉离断1例,肺动脉闭锁1例,冠状动脉起源异常1例,主动脉左弓右降1例,永存左上腔静脉1例,心肌致密化不全1例。10例合并肺炎,其中2例有支气管狭窄。其他临床合并症包括18-三体综合征、顽固性低钙血症、癫痫各1例。结论 交叉肺动脉是一种罕见的先天性心脏病,常伴其他心脏、大血管发育异常,且多合并肺炎。CT三维重建图像可直观、清晰显示交叉肺动脉及其合并心血管解剖异常,同时显示肺内、气道异常及其与大血管的立体关系。     

FEAR-AVOIDANCE AND SELF-EFFICACY PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS ARE ALTERED AFTER PARTIAL MENISCECTOMY AND ASSOCIATED WITH REHABILITATION OUTCOMES

Background:Little research has examined how psychosocial factors change over time and influence rehabilitation outcomes following meniscectomy. This information can inform the need to assess and address psychosocial factors in meniscectomy rehabilitation.Hypothesis/Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine changes in fear-avoidance and self-efficacy psychosocial factors from pre-surgery to one year after meniscectomy and their associations with rehabilitation outcomes. The hypothesis was that psychosocial factors would improve following meniscectomy, and less improvement in psychosocial factors would be associated with less improvement in rehabilitation outcomes.Study design:Prospective cohort.Methods:Twenty-five patients with partial meniscectomy participated. Testing time points were pre-surgery, after post-surgical rehabilitation, and one-year post-surgery. Fear avoidance (pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia) and self-efficacy (knee-related activity) psychosocial factors were assessed with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and Knee Activity Self-efficacy (KASE) questionnaires; respectively. Rehabilitation outcomes were quadriceps strength, evaluated with isokinetic testing at 60 °/sec; knee pain, measured with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS); and self-reported knee function, measured with the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF).Results:PCS scores improved from pre-surgery to after post-surgical rehabilitation, while TSK-11 and KASE scores improved from pre-surgery to after post-surgical rehabilitation and from after post-surgical rehabilitation to 1-year post-surgery. Pre-surgery PCS and KASE scores were associated with 1-year post-surgery NPRS score (r = 0.50) and quadriceps peak torque (r = 0.48), respectively. From pre-surgery to 1-year post-surgery, change in TSK-11 score was associated with change in NPRS score (r = 0.65), and change in KASE score was associated with change in IKDC-SKF score (r = 0.44). From pre-surgery to after post-surgical rehabilitation, changes in TSK-11 and KASE scores were associated with changes in NPRS (TSK-11, r = 0.47; KASE, r = -0.50) and IKDC-SKF scores (TSK-11, r = -0.39; KASE, r = 0.71). From after post-surgical rehabilitation to 1-year post-surgery, changes in KASE score was associated with changes in IKDC-SKF score (r = 0.59).Conclusions:Assessment of pain catastrophizing and knee activity self-efficacy pre-surgery might help to identify patients at risk for sustained knee pain and quadriceps muscle weakness. Decreasing kinesiophobia and increasing knee activity self-efficacy were associated with improved knee pain and function.Level of Evidence:2b     

Changes in motor-flexibility following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction as measured by means of a leg-amplitude differentiation task with haptic and visual feedback

BackgroundIn the current study changes in lower-limb motor flexibility of patients undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction were evaluated in relation to fear of harm.MethodsFourteen patients were measured pre- and post-surgery, and data were compared to those of a single measurement in fifteen controls. Lower-limb motor-flexibility was assessed in treadmill-walking and a cyclic leg-amplitude differentiation task augmented with haptic or visual feedback. Flexibility was captured by determining the between-leg coordination-variability (SD of relative phase) and each leg's temporal variability (sample entropy). Patients were post hoc divided into a higher-fear-group (pre-surgery: n = 6, post-surgery: n = 7) and a lower-fear-group (pre-surgery: n = 6, post-surgery: n = 7) by means of a median split of their scores on a self-reported fear of harm scale. Differences in flexibility-measures between the higher-fear-group and the lower-fear-group were also assessed.FindingsNo pre- and post-surgery differences, nor differences with the control group, were found in motor-flexibility during treadmill-walking but the post-surgery higher-fear-group did show lower values of SD relative phase. In the leg-amplitude differentiation task the SD of the relative phase decreased but sample entropy increased post-surgery towards levels of the control-group. The pre-surgery higher-fear-group showed lower values of sample entropy in visual conditions.InterpretationWhile gait kinematics may not show motor-flexibility changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, a leg-amplitude differentiation task does show such changes. Differentiating patients on a fear-of-harm scale revealed subtle differences in motor-flexibility. Challenging patients with non-preferred movements such as amplitude differentiation may be a promising tool to evaluate motor-flexibility following ACLR.     

球囊扩张术在食管及吻合口狭窄中的应用

目的评价球囊扩张术治疗食管及吻合口狭窄的疗效及其价值。方法采用不同口径的球囊导管,对32例良性食管及吻合口狭窄患者,在电视透视下经口腔程序置入导丝及球囊导管至狭窄部行扩张术治疗。结果32例中球囊放置成功率100%,1次扩张成功28例,4例行2次扩张,其中页:13例2次扩张成功,另有1例2次扩张未达满意效果。吞咽困难缓解率96%。结论球囊扩张术是治疗食管及吻合口狭窄安全有效,易于操作的方法。     

超声血管增强技术联合CDFI诊断肾动脉狭窄

目的探讨超声ClarifyTM血管增强(VE)技术联合CDFI对肾动脉狭窄的诊断价值。方法对93例患者(186支肾动脉)分别行常规二维超声联合CDFI、VE技术联合CDFI检测,与肾动脉造影检查结果相比较。结果 186支肾动脉中,常规二维超声联合CDFI检出10支肾动脉狭窄,21支肾动脉显示不清,肾动脉显示率为88.71%(165/186);VE技术联合CDFI检出16支肾动脉狭窄,7支肾动脉显示不清,肾动脉显示率96.24%(179/186)。肾动脉造影检查发现22支肾动脉狭窄,2支闭塞。常规二维超声联合CDFI的敏感度39.13%(9/24),特异度99.38%(161/162);VE技术联合CD-FI的敏感度58.33%(14/24),特异度98.78%(160/162)。结论 VE技术联合CDFI对肾动脉的显示率及动脉狭窄的检出率比常规二维超声联合CDFI有较大提高。