脑导纳微分环及功率谱对弧形波和低平波的分析

通过对93例成年人头部电导纳图的导纳微分环及功率谱的测定分析，发现导纳图为弧形波和低平波两种波形的导纳微分环中的I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ相面积有显著性差异（P＜0．05)，功率谱中的某些指标也有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。     

脑导纳微分环流入相面积值的探讨

目的:本项研究的目的是探讨脑导纳微分环快流入相和慢流入相面积和对血管弹性判定的诊断价值.方法:应用深圳市辉大高科技发展有限公司研制和生产的HD-ENG导纳式双侧脑血流图自动检测仪对高血压患者进行脑导纳环检测,并与正常组比较.结果:研究结果显示高血压病患者的脑导纳微分环的流入相的面积与正常组有显著性差异;而高血压有动脉硬化和无动脉硬化患者之间却不存在显著性差异.     

缺氧—再给氧对大鼠胸主动脉环内皮依赖血管舒张反应的影响

生物测定法观察大鼠胸主动脉环经缺氧－再给氧、机械去内皮后，血管内皮分泌内皮细胞舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）的能力，ＥＤＲＦ前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）及拮抗剂ＮＧ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ）对大鼠胸主动脉内皮ＥＤＲＦ合成和分泌的影响。发现缺氧－再给氧及去内皮的血管环对乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）的舒张反应明显减弱或丧失，而对硝酸甘油的舒张反应仍保存。Ｌ－Ａｒｇ可加强正常内皮环和缺氧－再给氧环对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应     

缺氧－再给氧对大鼠胸主动脉环内皮依赖血管舒张反应的影响

生物测定法观察大鼠胸主动脉环经缺氧－再给氧、机械去内皮后，血管内皮分泌内皮细胞舒张因子（ＥＤＲＦ）的能力，ＥＤＲＦ前体Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）及拮抗剂ＮＧ－甲基－Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ）对大鼠胸主动脉内皮ＥＤＲＦ合成和分泌的影响。发现缺氧－再给氧及去内皮的血管环对乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）的舒张反应明显减弱或丧失，而对硝酸甘油的舒张反应仍保存。Ｌ－Ａｒｇ可加强正常内皮环和缺氧－再给氧环对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应；Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ则使该作用消失。Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ和去内皮均使血管环丧失对Ａｃｈ的舒张反应。提示缺氧－再给氧和去内皮分别可使大鼠胸主动脉内皮分泌ＥＤＲＦ机制受损或丧失，提供外源性Ｌ－Ａｒｇ有促使正常内皮和受损内皮合成和释放ＥＤＲＦ的作用。     

右胸电导纳容积波法估测肺动脉楔嵌压和左室舒张末？…

目的：进一步证实右胸电导纳容积波法估测肺动脉楔嵌压和左室舒张末压的准确性，方法；选择健康杂种犬８只，用心导管术测定ＰＡＷＰ和ＬＶＥＤＰ，分析右胸电导纳容积波参数与心导管测值的相关性。结果：ＰＡＷＰ与ｈａ（ａ波高度），ｈａ／ｈｚ（ｈｚ＝ｚ）波高度的相关系数分别为０．８３和０．８１ＬＶＥＤＰ与ｈｃ，ｈｃ／ｈｚ的相关系数分别为０．７５和０．８３。结论：右胸电导纳容积波法是评价左心功能的的一种无创方法。     

新型双导阻抗、导纳血流图仪问世

一种基于生物阻抗测量原理的新型双导阻抗、导纳血流图仪由中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所研制成功并投入生产 ,产品名称为 XL2 0 0系列血流图仪 ,产品批准号 :津药器监 (试 )字 99第2 0 1 0 36号。该仪器以计算机为显示和数据处理中心 ,具有完善的数据处理功能和良好的用户界面 ,具有更宽的动态范围和更高的精度 ,能测量心、脑、肺、肝、肾、肢体等阻抗和导纳血流图 ,并同时给出心电、心音波形 ,其测量波形如双导阻抗和导纳图、双导阻抗及导纳微分图、心电图、阻抗—微分环、导纳—微分环等及参数分析结果都可屏幕上显示 ,或打印输出。…     

新型双导阻抗、导纳血流图仪问世

一种基于生物阻抗测量原理的新型双导阻抗、导纳血流图仪由中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所研制成功并投入生产 ,产品名称为 XL 2 0 0系列血流图仪 ,产品批准号 :津药器监 (试 )字 99第2 0 10 36号。该仪器以计算机为显示和数据处理中心 ,具有完善的数据处理功能和良好的用户界面 ,具有更宽的动态范围和更高的精度 ,能测量心、脑、肺、肝、肾、肢体等阻抗和导纳血流图 ,并同时给出心电、心音波形 ,其测量波形如双导阻抗和导纳图、双导阻抗及导纳微分图、心电图、阻抗—微分环、导纳—微分环等及参数分析结果都可屏幕上显示 ,或打印输出。…     

人骨骼肌醛缩酶的间接碘化标记及对肝、胃疾病的检测

本文用间接碘化蛋白质法标记提纯的人骨骼肌醛缩酶［ＡＬＤ（Ａ）］，并用自建的放射免疫分析检测肝、胃病患者血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）．结果表明，肝炎、肝硬化和十二指肠溃疡患者血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）含量均在正常范围内，而胃癌和肝癌组血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）水平显著高于正常组（ｐ分别为Ｐ＜０．０５，ｐ＜０．０１）．说明ＲＩＡ检测血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）对于鉴别肝、胃良恶性疾患具有一定的诊断价值。ｐ＜０．０１ＡＬＤ（Ａ）的标记进行了改进，采用间接碘化法。该法分二步进行：第一步制备１２５Ｉ－ＢＨ试剂，第二步将该试剂通过酰胺键与ＡＬＤ（Ａ）的末端氨基相连，制得１２５Ｉ－ＡＬＤ（Ａ）。这种间接碘化蛋白质标记法，大大减低了蛋白质与氧化剂、还原剂和放射性碘之间的化学作用，减少了对抗原的损伤。从标记结果看，１２５Ｉ－ＢＨ对ＡＬＤ（Ａ）抗原的化学结构和免疫特性的影响不大，制得的１２５Ｉ－ＡＬＤ（Ａ）符合ＲＩＡ的要求。ＡＬＤ（Ａ）以果糖－１，６－二磷酸为主要底物，是鼠肝癌组织和人肝细胞癌中的主要ＡＬＤ同工酶，其它二种同工酶：ＡＬＤ（Ｂ）和ＡＬＤ（Ｃ）分别存在于正常肝组织和脑组织中，因此放免测定ＡＬＤ（Ａ）比测定总ＡＬＤ活力及其它二种同工酶更具临床意义。我们应用自建     

心阻抗微分环及其临床意义

在心血流图原理的基础上，将阻抗血流图及其微分图同时输入到示波器X及Y轴上，获得了阻抗微分环（IDL），经临床与动物实验证实，各种影响心脏舒缩功能的诸因素均对IDL有明显的影响。IDL克服了单一指标的局限性，对判断心脏舒缩功能及病理改变提供了一些有意义的指标，对具有较好的灵敏性，是一种新的无创伤心功能检查方法。     

人骨骼肌醛酶的间接碘化标记及对肝,胃疾病的检测

本文用间接磺化蛋白质法标记提纯的人骨髓肌醛缩酶［ＡＬＤ（Ａ）］，并用自建的放射免疫分析检测肝、胃病患者血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）。结果表明，肝炎、肝硬化和十二指肠溃疡患者血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）含量均在正常范围内，而胃癌和肝癌组血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）水平显著高于正常组（ｐ分别为Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１）。说明ＲＩＡ检测血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）对于鉴别肝、胃主恶性疾病具有一定的诊断价值。     

胸部体表导纳变化与胸腔中血管导纳变化的关系

目的：探讨胸部体表导纳变化与胸腔中血管导纳变化的关系。方法：根据导纳与阻抗互为倒数的关系，导出胸部体表导纳变化公式，并用模型实验证明。结果：单根血管在胸部体表引起的导纳变化与血管本身的导纳变化和基础导纳的比值成正比，与血管的长度和胸部体表两检测电极之间的基础导纳成正比，与血管到两检测电极连线的距离成反比；多根血管在胸部体表共同引起的导纳变化等于各血管单独在胸部体表产生的导纳变化的代数和，即在电导纳图测量中导纳变化遵从标量迭加原理。结论：本文结果可为心导纳图的波形重建奠定理论基础。     

心导纳图波形重建的研究

目的:探讨心导纳图波形重建的方法,从胸部体表的混合导纳信号中分离出左右心循环的导纳变化分量。方法:用恒流法同步测量六个导联的胸部导纳信号,建立胸部导纳方程组,用代数重构技术求解。结果:通过波形重建得到主动脉(AO)、左侧肺部血管(PL)、右侧肺部血管(PR)、左心室(LV)和右心室(RV)五个导纳变化分量,其中心室分量(LV、RV)的基本波形与血管分量(AO、PL、PR)的基本波形相位相反,LV、RV容积图的负峰点处于第二心音S2的时相,各分量的波形图符合心脏和血管活动的生理过程。结论:本文的重建方法是可行的。     

Variability of the Holt-Oram syndrome in Saudi individuals

We studied three families in which patients with the Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) had various skeletal abnormalities and congenital heart defects. Two patients had absent thumbs and first metacarpals, hypoplastic radii, and atrial and ventricular septal defects. Patient 2 had pulmonary stenosis, an atrial septal defect, and triphalangeal thumbs. A sister had atrial septal defect and abnormalities of the thumbs; two brothers had abnormalities of the thumbs. The mother had unilateral defect of the thumb with a normal heart. The third patient had tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic pulmonary artery. In two families the HOS appeared to be the result of new mutations; in one it was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.     

Method for measuring blood flows and volumes using indicator-dilution techniques in patients with transposition of the great vessels

A new indicator-dilution technique is proposed for the measurement of pulmonary blood flow in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and a defect in either the atrial or ventricular septum. The proposed method involves analysis of three indicator-dilution curves which have been prepared sequentially as follows: injecting in the vena cava and sampling in the pulmonary artery, injecting in the vena cava and sampling in the aorta, and (usually) injecting in the right ventricle and sampling in the aorta. In addition to the calculation of pulmonary blood flow, this method permits concurrent calculation of systemic blood flow, effective pulmonary blood flow (net flow through the septal defect from lesser to greater circulation), and pulmonary blood volume. A quantitative measure of the physiological effectiveness of the septal defect is suggested. The theory was tested using a hydrodynamic model which simulated transposition. The model employed two Harvard pulsatile blood pumps, a plastic chamber (‘heart’) containing a defective septum, and a optical-fibre probe for measuring indicator concentrationin situ. The proposed technique was found to give accurate values for flows and volumes. The ‘physiological’ effectiveness of the septal defect was observed to be dependent only on the area of the defect.     

Increased alveolar deadspace after closure of cardiac septal defects: pulmonary air embolism or failure of homeostasis?

During surgery for closure of atrial or ventricular septal defects (ASD, VSD), we used a computerized on-line system to follow changes in the alveolar deadspace fraction. We observed a large increase in the alveolar deadspace immediately following septal defect closure. No increase had been observed post-cardio-pulmonary bypass in children operated upon because of aortic or pulmonary stenosis, or in adults undergoing myocardial revascularization. The increase in deadspace is probably a result of the lung's failure to adjust to the large decrease in pulmonary blood flow following septal defect closure. An alternative cause for the finding, that of pulmonary artery air embolism occurring intraoperatively, appears to be less likely.     

Congenital heart defect in a patient with deletion of chromosome 7q

We describe a premature male infant with a terminal deletion of 7q [del(7) (pter----q34:)]. Manifestations include low birth weight, hypertelorism, bilateral cleft lip and palate, cryptorchidism, and a complex congenital heart defect. The latter consisted of hypoplasia of the main pulmonary artery, absent pulmonary valve, ventricular septal defect, and anomalous right pulmonary artery. We briefly review the spectrum of heart defects seen with chromosome 7 deletions, and comment on the incidence of this unusual heart lesion.     

Implications of the dielectrical behaviour of human blood for continuous online measurement of haematocrit

A study was designed to explore the possibility of detecting the haematocrit of blood by means of admittance measurements. The admittance and phase angle of blood kept in a measuring cell were determined at various frequencies between 60 kHz and 24 MHz. A reliable and accurate estimation of haematocrit was obtained in two ways. First, low-frequency admittance, high-frequency admittance and a factor x, which was the conductive percentage of cell content, were used. Secondly, the maximum phase angle was used. Both methods can be applied to obtain continuous on-line information about haematocrit for blood volume control during haemodialysis.     

胎儿动脉导管缺如的尸体解剖分析

目的对胎儿先天性动脉导管缺如进行尸体解剖分析,以提高该疾病诊断的精准性。方法回顾2011年1月至2019年9月北京安贞医院经超声心动图畸形筛查发现胎儿先天性心脏畸形引产而进行尸体解剖病例400例,检查胎儿心血管畸形及内脏的畸形情况,对其动脉导管缺如进行分析总结。结果400例胎儿先天性心脏病中,动脉导管缺如24例,检出率6%,男女各12例,左位主动脉弓19例,右位主动脉弓5例,21例具有肺动脉主干,3例无肺动脉主干及分支。具体情况如下:(1)肺动脉狭窄伴动脉导管缺如15例,伴发主要心血管畸形:单心室6例,房间隔缺损6例,单心房4例,右心房异构4例,右心室双出口4例,静肺脉异位引流4例,法洛四联症3例,永存左上腔静脉3例;(2)肺动脉闭锁伴动脉导管缺如7例,3例无肺动脉主干,4例肺动脉闭锁伴有狭窄的肺动脉主干,均可见体-肺动脉侧支;(3)法洛四联症伴肺动脉瓣缺如综合征及动脉导管缺如1例,肺动脉扩张;(4)主-肺动脉间隔缺损伴动脉导管缺如1例,肺动脉正常。动脉导管缺如伴发主要心外畸形:脾缺如7例,肺异常7例,内脏反位7例。结论胎儿动脉导管缺如常合并复杂先天性心血管畸形;动脉导管缺如合并肺动脉闭锁常伴体-肺动脉侧支;内脏畸形与伴随的先天性心血管畸形有关。     

Co-occurrence of chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion and trisomy 21 mosaicism

This report describes a patient who had some phenotypic features of Down syndrome (DS) as well as severe conotruncal cardiac anomalies, including pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia), confluent pulmonary arteries, a large left-sided ductus arteriosus, left aortic arch, aberrant right subclavian artery, and secundum atrial septal defect. Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts using probes specific for the chromosomal loci 21q22.13 to 21q22.2 and locus 22q11.2. This revealed 47,XX+21/46,XX mosaicism at a rate of 15:85 and the micro-deletion 22q11.2 (del22q11.2). Some patients'congenital cardiac anomalies are atypical for the type of mosaicism or aneuploidy. The case suggests that association of del22q11.2 should be considered in patients with chromosomal mosaicism or aneuploidy who also have particular conotruncal cardiac defects.