阿仑膦酸钠对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨代谢指标的影响

目的观察抗骨吸收药物双膦酸盐对绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨代谢状态的影响。方法本研究为回顾性研究,共收集在我院骨质疏松门诊数据库中临床资料完整的女性绝经后骨质疏松症患者152例,其中阿仑膦酸钠治疗组93例(A组),每周给予阿仑膦酸钠70 mg,一次口服;未服用阿仑膦酸钠对照组59例(B组)。分别观察治疗前和治疗后3、6、12个月骨转换生化指标:骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP-5b)及25羟维生素D(25(OH)VD)的变化。结果 A组患者经阿仑膦酸钠治疗3个月后BAP和TRAP-5b水平分别较治疗前下降30.60%和32.95%(P0.001)治疗6个月时完全降至女性绝经前水平,并一直维持在此水平至治疗后12个月。B组患者治疗前后BAP和TRAP-5b水平差异无统计学意义。结论绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨代谢处于高转换状态,其BAP及TRAP-5b水平较绝经前明显升高;经阿仑膦酸钠治疗3个月后高转换状态可以明显改善,骨转换指标BAP和TRAP-5b水平回落到绝经前水平。     

硫辛酸辅助治疗对绝经后骨质疏松女性骨密度、骨代谢指标和炎症因子的影响

目的评价硫辛酸(lipoic acid,LA)辅助治疗对绝经后骨质疏松妇女骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨代谢指标和炎症因子的影响。方法 100例绝经后骨质疏松症妇女(T评分-2. 5)进行前瞻性登记,随机分配口服LA及阿仑膦酸钠(n=50),或仅接受阿仑膦酸钠(n=50)治疗,检测并比较右股骨颈和腰椎(L1-L4)骨密度的变化。同时观察治疗前后血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,BGP)、Ⅰ型胶原交联的水平C-末端肽(CTX-1)、核因子кB受体激活因子配体(RANKL)和骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)的改变。结果 88例患者完成了为期一年的研究,LA组46例,对照组42例。与对照组相比,LA组的治疗有更好的BMD和血清TNF-α、IGF-1和IL-6、BGP、CTX-1、RANKL和OPG水平(P均0. 05)。结论补充LA有助于增加阿仑膦酸钠增加绝经后骨质疏松妇女的疗效。     

胰岛素、阿仑膦酸钠治疗新诊断老年糖尿病骨质疏松症患者骨密度及骨转换指标的研究

目的通过观察胰岛素、阿仑膦酸钠干预,观察在糖尿病骨质疏松症治疗12个月后股骨颈(Femur Neck)骨密度(BMD)及骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、骨钙素(BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(TRAP-5b)等血清骨转换指标的变化。方法选取在我院治疗的糖尿病骨质疏松症患者128例,随机分成4组,即对照组(METF)、胰岛素组(INSU)、二甲双胍+阿仑膦酸钠组(METF+ALEN)、胰岛素+阿仑膦酸钠组(INSU+ALEN),每组同时服用钙尔奇D片作为基础用药,分别于服药前及服药12月后,测定4组患者股骨颈BMD及血BAP、BGP、TRAP-5b,分析治疗前后以及治疗组与对照组间的差异。结果 INSU+ALEN组治疗12月可见患者骨密度较前增加,治疗前后有统计学意义(P0.05),METF、INSU组较前无明显改变,治疗前后无统计学意义(P0.05),METF+ALEN组治疗12月可见患者BMD较前略有增加,治疗前后无统计学意义(P0.05),INSU+ALEN组治疗后BMD的增加明显高于其它组(P均0.05)。INSU+ALEN治疗组患者治疗12月后血清BAP、BGP显著升高(P0.05),TRAP-5b显著降低(P0.05);将上述指标与对照组、其它治疗组比较,BAP、BGP、TRAP-5b差异显著(P均0.01);METF、INSU、METF+ALEN组治疗12月可见患者血清BAP、BGP较前略有增加,TRAP-5b略有降低,治疗前后无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胰岛素是糖尿病骨质疏松症首选治疗,可增加骨量,预防骨丢失。阿仑膦酸钠能抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成,减缓骨量丢失,提高骨密度,二者联用可有效防治糖尿病骨质疏松症。     

骨胶原肽对老年骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的影响

目的观察骨胶原肽对老年骨质疏松症患者的骨密度和血清骨代谢指标水平的影响。方法 138例老年骨质疏松症患者纳入本研究,将其随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各69例。对照组患者应用阿仑膦酸钠治疗,治疗组患者给予骨胶原肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗,治疗为期12个月。检测治疗前和治疗12个月后两组患者腰椎正位(L1-L4)、左股骨颈的骨密度、血清血钙、血磷、骨碱性磷酸酶(bone alkaline phosphatase,BALP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b,TRAP-5b)水平变化情况以及治疗有效率和不良反应。结果治疗12个月后,治疗组腰椎正位、左股骨颈的骨密度患者均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12个月后,两组患者血清BALP及血磷水平较治疗前明显降低,血清TRAP-5b及血钙水平均较治疗前明显升高,和治疗前比较差异均有统计意义(P0.05);而治疗组较对照组改善更为明显(P0.05)。治疗组的患者治疗有效率优于对照组(P0.05),而不良反应无明显差异(P0.05)。结论骨胶原肽联合阿仑膦酸钠能安全有效提高老年骨质疏松症患者的骨密度,改善骨代谢。     

阿仑膦酸钠联合替勃龙治疗绝经后骨质疏松症疗效分析

目的探讨阿仑膦酸钠联合替勃龙治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2015-12诊治的300例绝经后骨质疏松症,150例采用阿仑膦酸钠联合替勃龙治疗(观察组),150采用阿仑膦酸钠治疗(对照组),比较2组治疗期间不良反应情况、末次随访时临床疗效,治疗前、治疗后6个月、治疗后12个月股骨颈骨密度、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、羟基末端肽(CTX)、钙调节激素25(OH)D3。结果 300例均获得随访,随访时间平均14.34(3~21)个月。治疗期间观察组不良反应较对照组少,末次随访时观察组临床疗效较对照组优,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。治疗后6个月、12个月观察组股骨颈骨密度、BALP、CTX、25(OH)D3较对照组明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论采用阿仑膦酸钠联合替勃龙治疗绝经后骨质疏松症可提高骨密度,改善骨代谢,临床疗效满意,安全性良好。     

骨质疏松症合并膝骨性关节炎患者骨密度及血清骨代谢指标、炎症因子水平研究

目的观察绝经后骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)合并膝骨性关节炎患者骨密度、骨代谢相关指标以及细胞因子水平的特点。方法纳入78例绝经后骨质疏松症患者为OP组,75例绝经后骨质疏松症合并膝骨性关节炎患者为OPA组,76例膝骨性关节炎患者为KOA组。观察3组患者血清骨代谢指标骨钙素(BGP)、血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶异体(TRACP-5b)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)及I型胶原交联C末端肽(CTX-1)水平;炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β1 (TGF-β1)及白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平以及左髋、正位腰椎1-4(L1～4)的骨密度情况。结果 OPA组血清BGP、TRACP-5b、BAP、BGP、CTX-1水平高于OP组(P0. 05),而KOA组低于OP组(P0. 05)。KOA组血清TGF-β1水平高于OP组(P0. 05),而血清IL-6、TNF-α及IL-10水平显著低于OP组(P0. 05); KOA组血清IL-6、TNF-α及IL-10水平高于OP组(P0. 05),而TGF-β1水平低于OP组(P0. 05)。OP组及OPA组L1-4及左髋部骨密度显著低于KOA组(P0. 05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松症合并膝骨性关节炎患者的骨密度及骨代谢不同程度减低,而细胞因子水平升高,治疗时需要关注免疫异常。     

唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松患者的疗效比较及对血清25-(OH)D、BALP、BGP的影响分析

目的比较唑来膦酸与阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松(OP)患者的疗效及对血清25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]、骨钙素(BGP)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)的影响。方法将我院收治的82例OP患者随机分为观察组41例和对照组41例。在钙尔奇D和骨化三醇胶丸常规治疗的基础上,观察组患者行唑来膦酸治疗,对照组患者行阿仑膦酸钠治疗。评价两组患者的临床治疗效果,于两组患者治疗前后检测骨密度(BMD)及血清相关骨代谢标志物,包括25-(OH)D、BGP、BALP。结果观察组患者临床治疗的总有效率为90.25%,对照组为80.48%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组患者的平均腰椎正位(L2-4)及右股骨颈BMD较治疗前均增大(P0.05),但治疗12个月后观察组患者腰椎正位(L2-4)及右股骨颈BMD的增大幅度均高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗12个月后,两组患者的平均25-(OH)D较治疗前均升高(P0.05),BGP、BALP较治疗前均下降(P0.05),但观察组患者BGP、BALP两指标的下降幅度要高于对照组(P0.05)。结论唑来膦酸治疗OP的临床疗效较阿仑膦酸钠显著,能有效下调BALP、BGP水平,提高患者骨密度,值得临床推广应用。     

二甲双胍联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病的临床疗效

目的观察二甲双胍联合阿仑膦酸钠对骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病的影响。方法将120例绝经后骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。对照组给予阿仑膦酸钠治疗,治疗组给予阿仑膦酸钠联合二甲双胍治疗,为期治疗6个月。检测治疗后两组患者髋部及腰椎骨密度和视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分改变,同时测定血清骨代谢指标骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(bone-specific alkaline phosphatase,B-ALP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b(tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b,TRACP-5b)水平的变化,记录药物的不良反应。结果治疗前两组的骨密度、骨代谢指标和VAS评分比较没有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗3个月和6个月后,两组髋部及腰椎密度都有不同程度的升高(P0.05),治疗组的骨密度提高较对照组更为显著(P0.05)。同时,各组血清B-ALP和TRACP-5b水平、VAS评分均降低(P0.05),治疗组的骨代谢指标和VAS评分改善较对照组更为显著(P0.05)。而两组之间的不良反应比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论二甲双胍增加阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨质疏松症合并2型糖尿病临床疗效显著。     

阿仑膦酸钠治疗骨折后骨质疏松临床观察

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠治疗重症骨折继发骨质疏松的临床疗效。方法选取2017年8月至2018年11月空军特色医学中心收治的60例重症骨折继发骨质疏松患者作为研究对象,根据入院的基偶顺序分别设为对照组和治疗组,各30例。对照组在骨折三个月后给予常规治疗,治疗组则在骨折三个月后在对照组的治疗基础上给予口服阿仑膦酸钠治疗,两组均治疗三个月,观察比较两组患者临床疗效,检测治疗前后两组患者骨代谢标志物I型胶原交联氨基端肽(NTXI)、I型胶原交联羧基端肽(CTXI)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP5b)和血骨钙素(BGP)、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)。结果治疗前两组患者的NTXI、CTXI、TRACP5b、BGP、BMD和BALP等均无显著性差异(P0. 05)。治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为93. 3%明显高于对照组的70. 0%(P0. 05);治疗组的NTXI、CTXI、TRACP5b、BGP、BMD和BALP较对照组均明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论阿仑膦酸钠治疗重症骨折继发骨质疏松的临床疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

针刺对实验性骨质疏松大鼠股骨骨折的预防作用

目的研究"健脾益肾强骨针法"对去势SD大鼠股骨骨质疏松性骨折的预防作用。方法 6月龄SD大鼠在去势3个月检测骨质疏松症模型造模成功后,被随机分为3个组:对照组、阿仑膦酸钠组和针刺组。针刺组针刺足三里、肾俞、大杼,每日1次,每周5次,连续治疗6个月;阿仑膦酸钠组每日皮下注射阿仑膦酸钠,每日1次,连续治疗6个月;对照组每日在其他两组治疗期间进行同样抓放。治疗6个月后,检测包括在体股骨骨折最小外力、新鲜股骨形态学、骨密度、骨力学性能等反映股骨的硬度和弹性的指标。结果针刺组、阿仑膦酸钠组的在体股骨骨折最小外力明显大于对照组;针刺组新鲜股骨近端横径明显小于阿仑膦酸钠组和对照组;针刺组、阿仑膦酸钠组骨密度明显大于对照组;针刺组、阿仑膦酸钠组离体股骨的部分力学性能指标(如压缩、拉伸)明显高于对照组。结论 1针刺足三里、肾俞、大杼6个月具有预防绝经后骨质疏松症模型大鼠股骨骨折的作用,其机制可能与针刺促进股骨的形态适应、增加骨密度、提高骨的抗外力性能密切相关。2"健脾益肾强骨针法"与阿仑膦酸钠均能提高绝经后骨质疏松大鼠在体股骨骨折最小外力,但针刺的作用机制与阿仑膦酸钠不完全相同。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Influence of the design of the prosthesis on the outcome after hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder in displaced fractures of the head of the humerus

We reviewed 39 patients with displaced three- and four-part fractures of the humerus. In 21 patients (group A) we had used an anatomical prosthesis for the humeral head and in 18 (group B) an implant designed for fractures. When followed up at a mean of 29.3 months after surgery the overall Constant score was 51.9 points; in group A it was 51.5 and in group B 52.4 points. The subjective satisfaction of the patients was assessed using a numerical rating scale and was similar in both groups. In group A complete healing of the tuberosities was found in 29% and 50% in group B. Partial integration was seen in 29% of group A and in only one patient in group B, while resorption was noted in 43% of group A and 44% of group B. The functional outcome was significantly better in patients with complete or partial healing of the tuberosities (p=0.022). The specific trauma prosthesis did not lead to better healing of the tuberosities. The difference in clinical outcome obtained by the two designs did not reach statistical significance.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.