阴道超声对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值

目的探讨阴道超声及血清CA125测定对诊断治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的价值。方法对卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病患者631例进行回顾性分析，术前均经阴道超声检查，部分患者进行了血清CA125测定。结果阴道超声检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿符合率98．7％；子宫腺肌病符合率91．7％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病符合率95．1％。血清CA125检查卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿，阳性率39．4％；子宫腺肌病阳性率52．2％；卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病阳性率59．2％。结论阴道超声可做为较准确诊断卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的首选方法。阴道超声下囊肿穿刺是治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的简便、有效的方法之一。血清CA125测定可做为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病的协助诊断方法，应进一步完善对照组的研究。     

136例腹膜型子宫内膜异位症病变特点分析

目的 分析腹腔镜下腹膜型子宫内膜异位症的病变特点，评价腹腔镜配合病理诊断子宫内膜异位症的价值。方法 对136例临床考虑子宫内膜异位症的患者进行腹腔镜手术，切除异位的病变组织常规送病理检查确实。结果 ①136例白色病变为82例，黑色病变为34例，红色病变为20例。其中病理确实为子宫内膜异位症的有115例（84．6％），但有21例没有内异症的证据（15．4％），其中100％的红色病变，92％的黑色病变和31％的白色病变病理证实为子宫内膜异位症。②最常见的病变部位是宫骶韧带和阔韧带后叶，依次为侧盆壁腹膜、卵巢窝、卵巢表面、子宫膀胱反折腹膜、输尿管和肠管浆膜面。③在取检的236处异位病变中，210处（89％）病变经组织学证实。腹腔镜和病理的符合率在宫骶韧带是88．2％，阔韧带是94．9％，侧盆壁是91．4％，卵巢窝是100％，膀胱反折腹膜是54．5％，输尿管是70％，肠管浆膜面是33．3％。结论 子宫内膜异位症病灶可以形形色色，以白色病变多见，而红色病变的病理符合率最高，不是所有腹腔镜下可疑异位病灶均为子宫内膜异位症；常见的发病部位主要位于宫骶韧带和阔韧带后叶，精确的病理检查配合腹腔镜诊断治疗子宫内膜异位症是必要的。     

盆腔子宫内膜异位症的B超诊断

本文报道20例手术及病理证实的盆腔子宫内膜异位患者,术前行B超探查诊断出27个卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿,与手术及病理检查对照,其包块物理学性质符合率为100％,诊断准确率为85％,(17/20)。本文将盆腔子宫内膜异位症的声像图分为囊性型、囊一实型、实质型三种,煎两型占85％(17/20).本文12例做了月经前后B超检查对照,其包块大小、形态、内部回声在月经前后有程度不等的变化.盆腔子宫内膜异位症的正确诊断须依据病史,临床症状及B超探测结果,进行综合判断。     

子宫内膜异位症超声断层诊断法

子宫内膜异位症为育龄妇女多发疾病,其中包括原因不明的不孕患者,近几年发病率明显增加,子宫内膜异位发生在子宫肌壁内为子宫腺肌病,又名为内在性子宫内膜异位症;发生于盆腔内为外在性子宫内膜异位症,超声波检查的适应证,为子宫腺肌病及外在性子宫内膜异位症,局部形成大囊肿即巧克力囊肿。播种在盆腔内腹膜面和子宫韧带小的蓝色浆果样斑点超声诊断困难。一、子宫腺肌病:比巧克力囊肿发病率高,单纯型子宫腺肌病超声诊断确诊率为86.2%。 (一)超声被扫描特点:(1)肿瘤在宫体。(2)子宫表面光滑。(3)超声回音在子宫前壁边界清晰,而后壁边界不清     

卵巢癌合并子宫内膜异位症病例分析

目的分析卵巢癌病例中子宫内膜异位症的发生情况及其相互关系。方法 对210例原发性卵巢恶性肿瘤中合并有子宫内膜异位症的患者进行回顾性分析。结果 原发性卵巢恶性肿瘤合并子宫内膜异位症25例，发生率为11．9％，其中内膜样癌12例，透明细胞癌6例，黏液性4例，浆液性2例，其他类型1例。结论子宫内膜异位症与卵巢内膜样癌和透明细胞癌关系密切，内膜异位症病灶恶变可能是这两型卵巢癌的来源之一。     

卵巢型子宫内膜异位症89例临床分析

临床上常根据病变部位将子宫内膜异位症分为 :腹膜型 ,包括腹膜的红色、紫色及白色病变 ;卵巢型 ,即卵巢的表浅病灶及子宫内膜异位囊肿 ;深部结节型 ,包括阴道直肠膈 ,宫底韧带结节以及阴道、膀胱及输尿管病变[1 ] 。现对我院诊治的 89例卵巢型子宫内膜异位症进行分析 ,探讨其预防 ,诊断及治疗方法。1　临床资料1.1　发病率　 1995年 1月至 1999年 12月我院共收治子宫内膜异位症 99例 ,其中卵巢型子宫内膜异位症 89例 ,占子宫内膜异位症的 89.2 9%。1.2　发病年龄　本组病例最大 47岁 ,最小 2 4岁 ,平均 40岁 ,其中 2 4～ 40岁者占 75 .2 8%…     

卵巢子宫内膜异位症治疗后的IVF结局

卵巢型子宫内膜异位症,大多数为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿,是指子宫内膜组织在卵巢中的生长形成的卵巢包块。大多数研究者认为,卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿是从输卵管返流的子宫内膜在卵巢附着、生长而成。根据这个理论,卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿是一个假囊肿,其囊壁是内陷的卵巢皮质。因此,卵巢子宫内     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂16例分析

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂１６例分析李柱卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂，国内８０年代始相继有报道￣［１］。随着子宫内膜异位症的患病率增加￣［２，３］，卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂已不是妇科罕见的急腹症。现将我院经手术证实为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂的１６例病例报告...     

子宫内膜异位症与卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的左侧易发倾向

为评价子宫内膜异位症(EMs)及卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿发病与好发侧之间的关系,回顾分析1996年1月～2002年1月6年间559例行腹腔镜手术的EMs及子宫内膜异位囊肿患者的手术资料。手术方式包括腹腔镜下子宫内膜异位病灶切除术、电灼术及卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿切除术。记录患者年龄、产次、修正的EMs的AFS分期,依腹腔镜所见或病理学检查确定诊断,统计学分析采用秩和检验和X~2检验。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位症的诊断和处理

卵巢子宫内膜异位症的诊断和处理６３００１０重庆医科大学附属第二医院李小木子宫内膜异位症是育期妇女的常见疾病，其中尤以卵巢最为常见，约８０％的内膜异位症侵犯卵巢，其发生率为４～１７％。而在女性不孕症中内膜异位症占据着重要的地位，内膜异位症合并不孕的发生...     

卵巢腺纤维瘤及囊性腺纤维瘤的超声特点

目的探讨卵巢腺纤维瘤及囊性腺纤维瘤的术前超声特征，以便帮助临床提高术前诊断准确性。方法对北京大学人民医院妇科自2004年8月～2006年8月收治并经手术病理证实的卵巢腺纤维瘤或囊性腺纤维瘤患者24例术前超声结果进行回顾性分析，并选取同期良性浆液性囊腺瘤39例及交界性囊腺瘤49例作对照。结果24例卵巢腺纤维瘤或囊性腺纤维瘤中，良性18例，交界性5例，癌变1例。肿瘤单侧22例（91.67%），15例（62.50%）为单房，平均直径7.40cm。10/18例（55.56%）良性浆液性腺纤维瘤或囊性腺纤维瘤内出现乳头或实性部分，与交界性囊腺瘤相比差异具有显著性（P=0.002）。实性区仅1/10（10%）例可检测到血流信号，与交界性囊腺瘤相比差异具有显著性（P=0.003）。结论卵巢腺纤维瘤及囊性腺纤维瘤单侧多见，单房多见，半数以上可见囊内乳头或肿瘤囊实性，但乳头或实性区一般少血流，且血流阻力指数一般〉0.50。一旦乳头或实性区血流信号丰富，或者阻力指数〈0.50，应警惕肿瘤交界性或癌变。     

Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: Do they have any unique ultrasonographic and color Doppler flow features?

Abstract. Sharony R, Aviram R, Fishman A, Cohen I, Altaras M, Beyth Y, Tepper R. Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: Do they have any unique ultrasonographic and color Doppler flow features?
The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and Doppler flow attributes of granulosa cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary and to compare these attributes to those of epithelial tumors of the ovary. Among 13,475 gynecological patients who were scanned in our ultrasound unit between 1992 and 1996, seven patients had GCT. The final diagnosis was confirmed, postoperatively, by pathologic examination and by applying the WHO classification. The ultrasonographic findings of the GCT patients were compared to those recorded in a second group of 29 patients who had been diagnosed with epithelial tumor of the ovary. The sonographic appearance of GCT of the ovary was semi-solid and the endometrium was thick in six of the seven patients. Doppler flow studies of vessels within or in the contour of the lesions showed the resistive index (RI) to be 0.448 ± 0.018. The epithelial tumors had a similar appearance and flow pattern except for the presence of ascites in one-third of the patients. Ultrasound scanning, including color Doppler flow, did not contribute data that could assist in differentiating between GCT and epithelial tumors of the ovary.     

CA 125 measurement and ultrasonography in borderline tumors of the ovary

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to perform an analysis of ultrasonographic characteristics and CA 125 levels in ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis of CA 125 levels and ultrasonographic parameters in 91 patients with borderline tumors. RESULTS: Serous tumors of borderline malignancy were associated with elevated CA 125 levels in 75% of patients before surgery (mean, 156 IU/mL) compared with 30% of mucinous tumors (mean, 28 IU/mL; P =.004). CA 125 was elevated in 35% of stage IA serous tumors (mean, 67 IU/mL) compared with 89% of tumors with spread beyond the ovary (mean, 259 IU/mL; P =.001). Mucinous tumors tended to be bigger (13.1 +/- 7 cm) on ultrasonography than serous tumors (9.3 +/- 6.2 cm, P =.016). Mucinous tumors were multilocular in half the patients and contained papillations in 40% of the patients. Serous tumors were multilocular in 30% of the patients but presented with solid or papillary patterns in 78% of the patients (P =.001). A resistance index of <0.4 was found in 36% of mucinous tumors and half the cases of serous tumors. In 13% of patients, ultrasonographic characteristics were compatible with a simple cyst only, including 1 patient with microinvasion and 1 patient with stage IIIB disease. Sensitivity of gray-scale ultrasonography was 87%, that of CA 125 measurement was 62%, and that of flow was 55%. At least 1 diagnostic test result was abnormal in 93% of patients, 2 were abnormal in 69% of patients, and all 3 were abnormal in 21% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of borderline tumors of the ovary, particularly of the serous type, were associated with elevated CA 125 levels and abnormal ultrasonographic characteristics, although some tumors presented as simple cysts.     

The residual ovary after hysterectomy

Of 118 cases of patient who had undergone abdominal hysterectomy with the preservation of one or both the ovaries, only 73 patients (62%) attended for review. Eleven had had cysts of the residual ovary. The occurrence of an asymptomatic pathology in three cases suggest that patients, for whom preservation of an ovary was considered preferable, should undergo a periodic clinical and ultrasonographic review.     

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a new ultrasonographic and color Doppler pattern.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with partial bilateral polycystic ovaries show different ovarian and uterine blood flow to those with complete bilateral polycystic ovaries, and to investigate whether there is a correlation between ultrasonographic and hormonal parameters. Fifteen patients with partial polycystic ovaries and eighteen patients with complete bilateral polycystic ovaries underwent clinical, biochemical, gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation. Hormonal (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH concentration ratio, estradiol, prolactin, androstenedione, testosterone), clinical (body mass index, Ferriman-Gallwey score), ultrasonographic (ovarian volume, number and distribution of subcapsular follicles, stromal score) and Doppler (uterine artery and intraparenchymal vessels pulsatility index, ovarian stromal vascularization) parameters were evaluated, in the early follicular phase (cycle day 3-5) in oligomenorrheic patients, or at random in amenorrheic patients. Significantly higher androstenedione plasma levels and LH/FSH concentration ratios were observed in complete bilateral polycystic ovaries. In partial polycystic ovaries, gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography showed different features in affected and unaffected areas of the ovary, similar to polycystic and normal ovary appearance respectively. In conclusion, PCOS does not predetermine a single ultrasonographic or Doppler pattern.     

Polycystic ovary syndrome: a new ultrasonographic and color Doppler pattern

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with partial bilateral polycystic ovaries show different ovarian and uterine blood flow to those with complete bilateral polycystic ovaries, and to investigate whether there is a correlation between ultrasonographic and hormonal parameters.

Fifteen patients with partial polycystic ovaries and eighteen patients with complete bilateral polycystic ovaries underwent clinical, biochemical, gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation.

Hormonal (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH concentration ratio, estradiol, prolactin, androstenedione, testosterone), clinical (body mass index, Ferriman–Gallwey score), ultrasonographic (ovarian volume, number and distribution of subcapsular follicles, stromal score) and Doppler (uterine artery and intraparenchymal vessels pulsatility index, ovarian stromal vascularization) parameters were evaluated, in the early follicular phase (cycle day 3–5) in oligomenorrheic patients, or at random in amenorrheic patients.

Significantly higher androstenedione plasma levels and LH/FSH concentration ratios were observed in complete bilateral polycystic ovaries. In partial polycystic ovaries, gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasonography showed different features in affected and unaffected areas of the ovary, similar to polycystic and normal ovary appearance respectively.

In conclusion, PCOS does not predetermine a single ultrasonographic or Doppler pattern.     

The ultrasonographic appearance of ovarian ectopic pregnancies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic findings of ovarian ectopic pregnancies. METHODS: The ultrasonographic reports, videotapes, medical records, and operative summaries were reviewed for all women with a confirmed diagnosis of an ovarian ectopic pregnancy. Examinations were personally conducted by a physician who was either a radiologist-obstetrician or an obstetrician-maternal-fetal medicine specialist. RESULTS: Six cases were identified in the 13-year period studied. Menstrual ages ranged from 6 to 9 2/7 weeks. Most (5/6) patients had abdominal pain, with 3 demonstrating it before or at 7 weeks gestation. A wide echogenic ring with an internal echolucent area was seen in 5 of 6 patients; 1 of these also contained a yolk sac, and in another, fetal heart motion could be seen. The echogenic ring seemed to be on the surface of the ovary or within the substance of the ovary in all 5 patients. The echogenicity of the ring was greater than that of the ovary in the 5 patients in whom it was identified. At surgery, the ovarian pregnancies had the appearance of a hemorrhagic ovarian cyst in all 6 patients. In the patient in whom no echogenic ring was seen the pregnancy had ruptured. All 6 cases were biopsy proven. CONCLUSION: Ovarian pregnancies usually appeared on or within the ovary as a cyst with a wide echogenic outside ring. A yolk sac or embryo was less commonly seen. The appearance of the contents lagged in comparison with the gestational age. Early abdominal pain was common.     

Ultrasonic findings in polycystic ovarian disease

The uterus and ovaries of 50 patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) and 30 eumenorrheic women were studied with a real-time ultrasound mechanical sector scanner. Uterine and ovarian volumes (UV and OV) and the OV/UV ratio were calculated, and ovarian morphology was classified as prevalently solid and cystic. Both ovaries were displayed in 44 of the PCOD and in 25 of the normal patients and appeared bilaterally solid, cystic, or with different morphology, respectively, in 43.2%, 47.7%, and 9.1% of cases in the former group and in 76%, 20%, and 4% in the latter group. Statistically significant differences between normal and PCOD patients were found in OV, UV, and OV/UV ratio. Bilaterally enlarged ovaries with multiple tiny cysts, the classic ultrasonographic picture of the polycystic ovary, were found in only 16 (36.3%) of the PCOD cases, while 34 (77.3%) had an OV/UV ratio greater than 1 standard deviation above the mean. Four ultrasonographic ovarian patterns were observed in the PCOD patients: enlarged cystic; enlarged solid; normal-sized cystic; and normal-sized solid. These findings emphasize the need for a reconsideration of the ultrasonographic criteria of PCOD.     

Doppler, ultrasonographic and endocrinological environment with regard to the number of small subcapsular follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of this study was to evaluate how, in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, the number of small subcapsular follicles correlates with uterine and ovarian blood flow and with specific hormonal parameters. At an ultrasonographic evaluation, 30 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome showed 5-10 (group I; n = 14) or > 10 (group II; n = 16) small follicles. These patients underwent ultrasonographic (ovarian volume and stroma echodensity; number, diameter and distribution of follicles) and color Doppler (uterine and intraovarian vessels) analyses, and hormonal assay. In group II, significantly lower pulsatility index values than in group I were observed in the ovarian stromal arteries. The Ferriman-Gallwey score, plasma androstenedione level and luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio results were significantly higher in group II than in group I. Androstenedione plasma levels correlated with the number of small follicles. Furthermore, the LH/FSH ratio correlated with both the number of small follicles and the stromal artery pulsatility index. The combined assessment of ovarian morphology by transvaginal ultrasound and color Doppler may provide insight into the pathological state of polycystic ovary syndrome.     

Endocrine and ultrasound examination of hirsutism]

One hundred and fourteen nontumorous hirsute women were investigated. The degree of hirsutism, the menstrual abnormalities and the level of 17-ketosteroids, of DHEA, of 17-OH-corticoids in urine and RIA of total and free testosterone and of sex binding globulins (SHBG) in blood were performed. On the basis of endocrinological and ultrasonographic determinations 3 patients were diagnosed as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 35 patients as late onset adrenal hyperplasia and 57 women as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). The maximal mean level (X + SD) of total and free testosterone above 0.5 ng/ml relatively above 5.05 pg/ml were performed in 94.3% relatively 97.1% in late onset adrenal hyperplasia and in 78.9% relatively 87.7% in PCO. The diagnosis of PCO is possible among 75% of all hirsute patients after exclusion the patients with late onset adrenal hyperplasia. The PCO is confirmed by hormonal or/and ultrasonographic examination. The diagnosis of late onset adrenal hyperplasia is allowable only by hormonal investigation.