醇提法与超声波法提取水罗伞中总黄酮类化合物的研究

目的考察不同提取方法对水罗伞中总黄酮类化合物含量的影响。方法采用醇提法与超声波法提取水罗伞中总黄酮类化合物,并采用紫外分光光度法,以水黄皮素为对照,测定总黄酮类化合物含量。结果测得醇提法中总黄酮类化合物含量为0.153%,超声波提取法中总黄酮类化合物含量为0.172%。结论以醇提法提取水罗伞中总黄酮类化合物含量较超声波法为低。     

番荔枝科植物之黄酮类化合物及其生物活性研究进展

在过去20余年从番荔枝科植物中分离得到的黄酮类新化合物50余个。这些黄酮类化合物结构新颖,生物活性强。由于该科植物中黄酮类化合物结构的新颖性和药理活性的广泛性,使得对该科植物黄酮类化合物的研究成为热点。为此,对该科植物黄酮类化合物20余年的研究进行总结,对其中具有生物活性的化合物,特别是具有抗肿瘤活性的黄酮类化合物进行归纳。     

九州虫草中黄酮类化合物的提取及定性研究

目的提取九州虫草中黄酮类化合物,并对提取物进行初步的定性和定量分析。方法通过正交实验探索乙醇回流法提取九州虫草中黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件,在此基础上对九州虫草和冬虫夏草中黄酮类化合物进行分离提取,并进行定性研究,采用紫外分光光度法检测提取物中总黄酮类化合物的含量。结果九州虫草中黄酮类化合物最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度80%,料液比1:4(0g/ml),回流时间3h,提取温度80℃,最高得率为3.730mg/g。九州虫草和冬虫夏草全草干粉的黄酮类化合物提取得率分别为3.730mg/g、1.895mg/g。结论乙醇回流法提取九州虫草中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺,数据可靠,具有良好的重复性,且定性研究方法简便易行。首次报道了九州虫草较冬虫夏草含有更多的黄酮类化合物,从而为寻找冬虫夏草的替代品提供数据参考。     

超声波提取马鞭草中黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

目的 为充分利用马鞭草植物资源,避免资源的浪费,探讨马鞭草黄酮类化合物的提取及鉴别方法.方法 采用超声波乙醇浸提法从马鞭草中提取黄酮类化合物,对所提取的黄酮类化合物进行验证,并用紫外分光光度法测定其含量.结果 测得马鞭草样品中黄酮类化合物的总含量为8.36 mg/g,回收率为99.56%,其纯度和产率均较高.结论 该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取马鞭草中黄酮类化合物的有效途径.     

黄酮类化合物的潜在毒性作用

黄酮类化合物,包括黄酮、黄酮醇、黄烷酮、异黄酮、双黄酮、查尔酮等,广泛存在于膳食及植物中。大量研究表明,黄酮类化合物具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抗癌、抑菌、消炎等功效,多年来黄酮类医药制剂已广泛应用于心脑血管疾病和癌症治疗,近年来黄酮类保健食品也发展很快。文章综述了国内外各类黄酮类化合物的毒理学研究进展,为合理应用黄酮类化合物提供一定的科学依据。     

银杏叶黄酮类化合物提取方法探讨

探讨银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的提取条件,通过分光光度法测定黄酮的含量并计算它的提取率。根据黄酮类化合物提取量的计算结果,经单因素分析,正交实验选定黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件即70%乙醇为提取液,提取温度为90℃,料液比为1∶20,提取次数为3次,回流时间为1.5h,银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的提取率可达到96.02%。     

黄精属植物中黄酮类化合物及其药理活性研究进展

黄酮类化合物是一类重要的天然产物,目前已从黄精属8种植物中共分离出6种不同结构亚型的化合物54个,具有降血糖、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等药理活性。针对该属植物中黄酮类化合物及其药理活性研究进展进行综述,旨为该属植物中黄酮类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。     

黄酮类化合物的药物代谢研究进展

黄酮类化合物是食物和传统中药中所含的一类重要的天然植物成分。大多数黄酮具有很强的还原活性故在体内易被氧化代谢,该过程通常由CYP1A酶家族参与。此外,某些甲氧基黄酮在体内还可进行脱甲基代谢;黄酮类化合物的分子结构中往往含有1个或多个酚羟基,易和葡萄糖醛酸、硫酸或谷胱甘肽等结合,生成水溶性较大的化合物排出体外;天然黄酮类化合物多以苷类形式存在,口服后易被肠道菌群产生的水解酶代谢为苷元再吸收入血。不少黄酮类化合物对CYP酶有较强的抑制作用,该作用是某些黄酮类化合物预防和抑制肿瘤的重要机制之一。该文总结了黄酮类化合物药物代谢的特点,并对黄酮类化合物和CYP酶的代谢相互作用进行了综述。     

黄酮类化合物生物合成途径的进化及其在淫羊藿中的研究展望

黄酮类化合物是植物最重要的次级代谢产物之一。大多数植物黄酮类化合物的生物合成具有相同的步骤,其合成途径是植物进化过程中的保守代谢途径。迄今已经克隆、鉴定了多种植物黄酮类化合物生物合成相关酶的结构基因,并进行了一些黄酮类化合物合成代谢的分子调控研究。结合本实验室研究实践,综述了植物黄酮类化合物生物合成途径的进化研究进展,并在此基础上初步比较研究了淫羊藿与其他植物的黄酮类化合物合成途径,提出了研究淫羊藿黄酮类化合物生物合成的比较基因组学和比较代谢组学方法,指出应当从最保守的代谢中间产物和结构酶入手,结合淫羊藿种间和种内黄酮类化合物水平的比较,研究淫羊藿黄酮类化合物的代谢途径及其调控机制。     

黄酮类化合物在槐花米药酒中稳定性的研究

目的：研究黄酮类化合物在槐花米酒中的稳定性。方法：以芦丁为标准样品,用紫外吸收光谱法分别研究浸泡时间、溶剂种类对槐花米提取物中总黄酮含量的影响,结果：溶剂极性对黄酮类化合物提取的效果影响较大,45＆#176;的浓香型白酒与45%乙醇在257 nm处黄铜含量有较大差异。在白酒中的最佳提取时间为20天,总黄酮类化合物浓度最大。结论：槐花米酒中黄酮类化合物在短时间内稳定。总黄酮类化合物提取量与酒浓度有关,以50度酒为最佳,而与酒的类型无关。     

针刺丰隆、曲池及三阴交对高脂血症小鼠血脂的影响

目的观察针刺丰隆、曲池及三阴交对高脂血症小鼠血脂的影响。方法将120只雄性小鼠随机分为正常组40只、模型组40只、针刺组20只及药物组20只。正常组予普通平价饲料喂养,其余3组采用高脂饮食诱导法制备高脂血症小鼠模型,连续10 d。造模成功后,针刺组予针刺双侧丰隆、曲池及三阴交,并接通韩氏电针仪,同时予2 mL/（g.d）蒸馏水灌胃;药物组将辛伐他丁胶囊6.6 mg/（g.d）予蒸馏水2mL稀释灌胃;正常组及模型组予等容积蒸馏水灌胃,连续10 d。分别于造模后第15 d取正常组、模型组小鼠各20只及治疗后取各组剩余小鼠,检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量。结果造模后第15 d模型组TC、TG和LDL-C含量均高于正常组（P〈0.05）,HDL-C含量低于正常组（P〈0.01）,提示高脂血症小鼠模型造模成功。治疗后模型组TC、TG、LDL-C含量均高于正常组（P〈0.01）,HDL-C含量低于正常组（P〈0.01）。针刺组、药物组TC、TG及LDL-C含量均低于模型组,HDL-C含量高于模型组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。针刺组TC、LDL-C含量均低于药物组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论针刺丰隆、三阴交、曲池穴可降低高脂血症模型小鼠血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C,升高HDL-C,具有良好的调节脂质代谢作用。     

肾虚,脾虚造型动物免疫超微结构的比较研究

本文采用对比研究的方法,在相同实验条件下,观察和比较了肾阳虚证、脾虚证实验动物的免疫器官脾、胸腺的超微结构改变及补肾方药肾气汤,补脾方药四君子汤对他们的影响。结果显示：脾虚、肾阳虚证动物的脾脏、胸腺超微结构均有明显的破坏现象,肾阳虚证尤甚。提示免疫器官超微结构的这一改变可作为脾虚、肾阳虚证的病理学证据之一。补脾和补肾方药治疗可分别改善脾虚证、肾阳虚证动物已受破坏的组织结构实验结果,也佐证上述的观点。     

肝达康对DMN致大鼠肝损伤血清ALT、AST、TBIL、TP及ALB的影响

目的:研究肝达康对二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)致大鼠肝损伤模型的保护作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠55只,随机分为正常对照组(n=10)、模型组(n=15)、肝达康预防组(n=15)及秋水仙碱组(n=15)。模型组、肝达康预防组和秋水仙碱组以10mg/kg DMN腹腔注射,每日1次,每周连续3天,共4周。以上3组在造模同时给予药物或生理盐水灌胃。于第4周末处死全部大鼠,留取血清。采用全自动生化分析仪检测ALT、AST、TBIL、TP、ALB。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT和AST活性显著增高,TBIL水平明显升高,ALB和TP含量降低。肝达康颗粒治疗后使ALT和AST活性降低,TBIL水平降低,TP和Alb含量升高。秋水仙碱组可降低ALT和AST活性,使ALB含量升高,但对TP含量和TBIL水平均无调节作用。结论:肝达康对实验性大鼠肝损伤模型具有明显改善肝功能的作用。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

金世元学术思想传承及临床用药经验（一）

金世元教授从事中药工作70余年,对中药鉴定、中药炮制、中成药合理使用以及中药调剂等多方面领域均有建树,形成了独到的“医药兼通”的学术思想特色。针对当今临床用药情况,将其用药实践经验进行初步总结。如橘红和陈皮的药用品种已与传统使用不符,药材品质明显不及以前;再如当归、甘草、黄芩和乌药的药用部位与传统发生变化,致使药效有所偏差;传统鲜药钱菖蒲已经失传,应延续使用等现代临床用药中涉及到的关于药用历史、品种变迁、药用部位变化、炮制工艺改变等多方面进行阶段性总结,以供中医药管理部门、生产和临床应用参考。     

Meditationsforschung: neuroanatomische Befunde

Meditation practices can be conceived as forms of mental training for enhancing the ability to regulate autonomic arousal, attention, and emotions. Recent research has utilized neuroimaging methods (anatomical magnetic resonance imaging) to identify brain regions that show morphological changes following the practice of meditation. In this article we summarize the findings of published studies comparing experienced meditators and non-meditators. Furthermore, we'll briefly review results of the first longitudinal studies that investigated participants of 8-week meditation courses and compared images taken before and after the training. Brain regions that were identified in these studies are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions, attention, and emotion. Morphological changes in these regions might support the beneficial effects of meditation reported by practitioners. Detailed knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of meditation training is indispensible for the targeted application of such techniques in the treatment of patient populations.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities in essential oils of Salvia species and their constituents

Extracts of Salvia (sage) species have been reported to have cholinergic activities relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A lack of information on the inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase, also considered to be a target in the treatment of the disease, prompted this in vitro investigation of the essential oils of S. fruticosa, S. lavandulaefolia, S. of ficinalis and S. of ficinalis var. purpurea for anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity. Dose-dependent inhibition of human cholinesterases by the extracts and constituents was determined using the method of Ellman. A time dependent increase in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by the oils of S. fruticosa and S. of ficinalis var. purpurea was evident. IC(50) values decreased from 0.15 +/- 0.007 and 0.14 +/- 0.007 mg/mL after 5 min to 0.035 +/- 0.016 and 0.06 +/- 0.018 mg/mL after 90 min incubation time respectively. The slow onset of inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase was also shown by individual constituents, such as 3-carene and beta-pinene. Analyses of the chemical composition of the oils and anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity of their constituents revealed that none of the compounds tested would account for the total activity of the oils and that synergy is likely.     

In vivo trypanocidal activity of Annona senegalensis Pers. leaf extract against Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis still remains far from being satisfactory. There is the urgent need for therapeutic agents that are effective, affordable and accessible to the rural poor in Africa who bear most of the disease burden. Root preparations of Annona senegalensis Pers. is claimed by traditional medicine practitioners to be effective in the treatment of sleeping sickness. Validation of this claim, evaluation of the therapeutic effects of other parts of the plant, and standardization of the preparations are necessary in order to fully exploit the chemotherapeutic potentials of this plant. We have evaluated the chemotherapeutic effects of extracts of the leaves, whole root, root and stem bark of the plant in experimental trypanosomiasis. Crude and partially purified aqueous extracts of the leaves, at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight per day completely cured experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Sub-inoculation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid drawn from the cured mice into healthy mice failed to produce any infection within 60 days of post-inoculation. Pre-treatment of healthy mice with the crude extract before infection did not prevent establishment of infection. Administration of 5000mg/kg body weight of the crude extract did not lead to fatality in mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, phlobatanin, and saponin.