内镜直视下尿道黏膜电凝法制作兔尿道狭窄模型

目的：探讨小儿膀胱电切镜直视下尿道黏膜电凝法制作兔尿道狭窄模型的可行性和有效性．方法：随机选取15只成年雄性新西兰大白兔,麻醉后F13号小儿膀胱电切镜在球部尿道电凝一周,电凝长度10mm,深达尿道黏膜下层．另选取6只成年雄性新西兰大白兔,同法麻醉后行尿道镜检,不做尿道黏膜电凝（对照组）．30d后逆行尿道造影和尿道镜检观察电凝损伤处尿道狭窄形成情况,HE染色和天狼星红染色观察狭窄段尿道病理形态改变．结果：实验组死亡2只,对照组无死亡．实验组存活13只动物均发生尿道狭窄[管腔缩窄（78．45±7．95）％],造模成功率100％．实验组球部尿道直径较对照组显著减低[（4．08±0．84）mm掷（8．33±1．63）mm]．尿道镜检见实验组所有动物球部尿道均发生狭窄,对照组无狭窄发生．实验组狭窄段尿道黏膜下纤维组织增生达肌层伴较多成纤维细胞浸润,胶原染色呈猩红色;对照组无纤维组织增生,胶原染色呈淡红色．结论：内镜直视下尿道黏膜电凝法制作兔尿道狭窄模型,操作简单,造模成功率高,可引起典型的尿道狭窄病理改变,是一种理想的尿道狭窄动物模型制作方法．     

战创伤性尿道狭窄动物模型的建立

目的：应用自行设计的爆炸装置,建立战创伤性兔尿道狭窄动物模型,为战创伤性尿道狭窄的研究提供一种可靠、重复性强的动物模型。方法选取成年新西兰雄兔25只。模型组20只,分离阴茎与肛门间膜状皮肤连接,暴露球部尿道后,应用自行设计的定位爆炸装置,将定位爆炸装置前端圆孔对准并紧贴球部尿道。引爆装置,造成球部尿道半壁缺损,清创后6-0可吸收线纵向间断缝合尿道,逐层关闭切口。对照组5只,仅分离阴茎与肛门间皮肤连接。模型制作后第15天和第30天,实验组和对照组分别行尿道镜检查、逆行尿道造影和组织学检查评估模型构建效果。结果模型组95%(19/20)术后15 d尿道镜检查和逆行尿道造影均证实成功建立尿道狭窄模型。组织学检查提示狭窄段上皮细胞缺失,发生明显纤维化,尿道连续性被破坏。术后30 d尿道镜检查见狭窄处黏膜苍白、弹性消失,组织学检查见纤维化程度较15 d时有所加重。结论自行设计的定位爆炸装置,能有效建立战创性尿道狭窄动物模型,为战创伤性尿道狭窄救治研究奠定基础。     

可吸收缝线缝扎兔胆总管致良性狭窄模型的建立

目的 利用可吸收缝线缝扎部分胆总管建立兔损伤性胆管狭窄动物模型.方法 24只新西兰兔按完全随机方法分为3组:正常对照组、假手术对照组和手术组.手术组用6-0可吸收缝线缝扎1/2胆总管,手术当天和术后15、30 d检验血清肝功能指标,取狭窄段胆总管行HE染色、Masson三色染色检测胶原纤维和肌纤维的表达,免疫组化DAB法检测狭窄段胆管组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达.结果 手术组动物直接胆红素、间接胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶在30 d均高于术前(P＜0.01).术中观察胆总管损伤处明显狭窄,手术组病理切片中,胶原纤维大量增生形成瘢痕组织,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原随着时间推移表达强度逐渐增强.结论 可吸收缝线缝扎法可有效建立兔胆总管良性狭窄模型.     

输尿管镜治疗下尿路外伤性疾病

我院对尿道球部断裂、外伤后尿道狭窄、前列腺增生术后尿道内口狭窄以及医源性尿道损伤等下尿路外伤性疾病，采用输尿管镜下尿道置管方法，治疗方法简便而且效果满意，现报道如下。     

输尿管镜下钬激光内切开联合筋膜扩张器在男性尿道狭窄治疗中的临床应用

目的 探讨输尿管镜下钬激光内切开联合筋膜扩张器在男性尿道狭窄治疗中的临床应用.方法 骶管麻醉或表面麻醉下用F8/9.8输尿管镜检查尿道狭窄情况,直视下将斑马导丝通过狭窄段尿道置入膀胱,钬激光内切开尿道狭窄段瘢痕组织并在其引导下选择适宜的筋膜扩张器依次递增扩张尿道,再更换金属扩张器依次扩张,其后留置尿管,定期随访.结果 全部病例1个月后拔除尿管后排尿症状较治疗前明显改善,术后尿道扩张期间排尿通畅,无并发症出现.结论 鉴于输尿管镜下钬激光内切开联合筋膜扩张器进行尿道扩张具有多种优点,选择合适的病例采用此法治疗尿道狭窄是可行的.     

尼龙刷刮擦机械损伤建立大鼠良性气管狭窄模型的研究

目的采用硬质尼龙刷刮擦机械损伤的方式,建立一种简单、稳定的良性气管狭窄大鼠模型,并观察造模后不同时间点气管组织的病理改变。方法按随机数字法将20只SD大鼠分为伪手术对照组(10只)与狭窄模型组(10只),观察生存情况,获取气管组织,观察肉芽组织增生情况,测算并比较狭窄度;同期另取15只大鼠进行实验造模,于造模后不同时间点(第0、2、4、6、8 d)处死并获取气管组织,行HE染色和Masson染色,观察病理改变。结果伪手术组术后第8d存活率为100%,狭窄模型组术后第8d存活率为0%,两组生存情况比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 1)。伪手术组的狭窄度为(6.12±1.78)%,狭窄模型组的狭窄度为(60.28±12.56)%,两组之间的狭窄度差异有统计学意义(P0.000 1)。HE染色见伪手术组气管管腔通畅,上皮黏膜组织完整而光滑,纤毛结构清晰可见,为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,符合正常大气道黏膜的特征,未发现有肉芽组织增生或管腔狭窄。模型组机械损伤后,可见管腔显著狭窄,狭窄成分主要为增生的肉芽组织,未见上皮结构或上皮结构极度异常。Masson染色见损伤部位的成纤维细胞呈先增多后下降趋势,损伤部位的胶原纤维随着时间而逐渐增多。结论采用硬质尼龙刷刮擦机械损伤的方式可成功建立气管狭窄模型。该造模方法操作简单、可控性强、重复性好,可作为良性气道狭窄致病机制研究和新药疗效探索的可靠实验载体。     

吡非尼酮通过抑制TGF-β1通路和炎症反应预防大鼠尿道损伤后的纤维化及狭窄

目的 探讨吡非尼酮对大鼠尿道损伤后狭窄形成的预防作用及可能机制。方法 选取SD雄性大鼠30只,随机分为3组（10只/组）：阴性对照组、阳性对照组及吡非尼酮组。吡非尼酮组：切开后尿道海绵体建立大鼠尿道损伤模型,按100 mg·kg-1·d-1腹腔注射吡非尼酮;模型组：同对照组构建大鼠尿道损伤模型,腹腔注射等量溶剂;假手术组：不予尿道损伤处理,但腹腔注射等量溶剂。术后2周逆行尿道造影观察尿道狭窄,留取尿道损伤组织,行HE染色观察尿道组织形态学变化,Masson染色检测胶原变化,免疫组化及Western blot检测a-SMA和TGF-β1的蛋白表达,qRT-PCR检测大鼠尿道组织中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1βmRNA的表达。结果 吡非尼酮组大鼠较阴性对照和阳性对照组体质量下降,逆行尿道造影显示阳性对照组大鼠尿道显著变窄,吡非尼酮组大鼠尿道较阳性对照组大鼠明显好转（P<0.05）。HE染色显示阳性对照组尿道上皮细胞增生,管腔狭窄,炎性细胞增多;吡非尼酮组病理学表现与阴性对照组相似。Masson染色显示吡非尼酮组较阳性对照组胶原纤维含量少,排列规则有序。免疫组化和Western blot结果表明阳性对照组尿道a-SMA和TGF-β1表达显著高于阴性对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01）,而吡非尼酮能够抑制TGF-β1和α-SMA的表达。qRT-PCR结果显示吡非尼酮能够抑制损伤组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等炎症因子的基因表达（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 吡非尼酮可预防尿道损伤后纤维化及狭窄,并可能与抑制TGF-β1通路和炎症反应相关。     

尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄细胞生物学基础研究

目的：模拟3种手术方式（TIP、Mathieu、Onlay）对尿道下裂动物模型进行尿道重建,探讨尿道瘢痕转归,为尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄并发症的防治提供理论依据。方法：26只大白兔,分为TIP、Mathieu与Onlay 3个实验组（每组各8只）和对照组（2只）。切除部分尿道腹侧全层,形成尿道下裂模型,分别采用TIP、Mathieu与Onlay术式进行尿道重建。分别于术后5 d、14 d、6周、3月每组各处死2只,肉眼观察有无尿道瘘及尿道狭窄,组织标本行石蜡切片HE染色、Masson胶原三色染色,免疫组织化学检测TGF-β1、α-SMactin细胞阳性表达情况。结果：全部实验兔无伤口感染及尿道狭窄,仅在Onlay组中出现1例尿道瘘。HE染色光学显微镜下观察发现,TIP组术后5 d尿道板及尿道腹侧创面已完全上皮化。Masson胶原三色染色提示Mathieu组与Onlay道腹侧胶原增生显著,增生明显强于TIP组。各组TGF-β1阳性表达以术后14 d、6周最强,组内各期比较差异并无统计学意义;各组α-SMactin阳性表达,以术后5 d最弱,6周、3月最强,组内比较差异有统计学意义;TIP组与Mathieu和Onlay组比较,术后6周、3月TGF-β1与α-SMactin明显减弱。结论：尿道愈合过程中,成纤维细胞和肌成纤维细胞均长时间保持较强活性,可能是尿道下裂术后尿道狭窄形成及加重的病理基础。TIP术式尿道板切口完全上皮化愈合,且尿道腹侧瘢痕增生较Mathieu及Onlay术式少,其重建尿道更符合正常解剖组织结构,是一种较为理想的手术方式。     

输尿管镜联合硅胶尿管在治疗尿道球部损伤中的应用

目的 探讨经尿道输尿管镜下行腔内会师术及术后留置硅胶尿管在治疗尿道球部损伤中的临床意义.方法 回顾分析2004年1月至2006年9月本院的20例球部尿道损伤患者,采用局麻或腰麻下行输尿管镜腔内会师术及术中、术后放置硅胶尿管2～3周.结果 20例中16例经尿道输尿管镜下会师成功,4例会师失败后改行开放性尿道吻合术,留置硅胶尿管,无1例并发局部感染,拔管后排尿通畅.随访3～24月,其中1例开放手术者拔管1周后尿流变细,予行5次尿道扩张后维持正常排尿,1例开放手术者并发阴茎勃起功能障碍.结论 输尿管镜下尿道会师术具有手术时间短、操作方便、创伤小的特点,尤其适合于球部尿道部分断裂的患者;而采用硅胶尿管,则更易于插管及可以减少尿路感染及局部瘢痕增生,降低尿道狭窄的发生几率.     

脂肪间充质干细胞双向诱导上皮/平滑肌细胞膜片修复兔尿道缺损

目的探究利用脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, ADSCs)向上皮/平滑肌细胞诱导培养细胞膜片重建兔缺损尿道的可行性和效果。方法将18只2~3月龄雄性新西兰兔随机分成ADSCs诱导复合膜片仿生尿道组和单纯无细胞SIS对照组,每组各9只。原代提取ADSCs体外扩增向上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞诱导并在UpCell培养皿中培养成上皮细胞膜片和平滑肌细胞膜片,两种细胞膜片叠加包裹8F医用硅胶管制备长2cm复合仿生尿道置皮下脂肪培养3周后取出。建立新西兰兔长段(2cm)尿道缺损模型,分别将ADSCs诱导复合细胞仿生尿道、单纯无细胞SIS仿生材料置于兔尿道缺损部位行全段端端吻合术修复重构尿道,术后14d移去8F医用硅胶管,分别于术后1、6个月进行尿道造影、大体观察和组织学观察,进行尿道重构效果评估。结果1个月后,尿道造影显示无细胞SIS材料组存在不同程度的尿道管腔狭窄,有明显的瘢痕增生和挛缩,而ADSCs诱导复合细胞仿生尿道组可保持通畅,黏膜平整,与正常尿道黏膜界限不清。ADSCs诱导复合细胞仿生尿道7只正常排尿畅通,2只出现尿瘘,无细胞SIS材料组4只正常排尿,3只尿道狭窄,2只出现尿瘘。组织学观察发现,6个月后ADSCs诱导复合膜片仿生尿道修复段已形成稳定的上皮细胞层多层组织结构,细胞层下可见明显的毛细血管样结构形成。结论ADSCs诱导双复合膜片仿生尿道可修复兔长段(2cm)尿道缺损的重构。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.