锁定钢板微创固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

目的探讨肩峰下前外侧经三角肌分离入路运用肱骨近端锁定钢板微创治疗肱骨近端骨折的初步效果。方法采用锁定钢板微创固定治疗17例肱骨近端骨折。根据Neer分型:二部分骨折4例,三部分骨折11例,四部分骨折2例。结果骨折均得到了愈合,根据Neer评分优良率为88.23%。结论肩峰下前外侧经三角肌分离入路运用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折,具有固定稳定,血运破坏少等优点。     

锁定钢板与常规手术治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效比较

目的 :比较肱骨近端锁定钢板 (LockingProximalHumerusPlate)与常规手术方法治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效。方法 :回顾性分析比较肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折与常规手术方法的疗效与并发症。结果 :锁定钢板治疗组的疗效及并发症发生率明显优于常规手术方法组 ,治疗组的满意率 87.5 %～ 76% ,断钉断板率 <16% ,感染率 <8% ,肩峰撞击 <2 0 % ,四部分骨折肱骨头坏死率 3 3 .3 %～ 60 % ,P <0 .0 5。结论 :治疗肱骨近端骨折方法多样 ,肱骨近端锁定钢板是一种创新、优异的方法。     

锁定加压钢板微创治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

目的：探讨锁定加压钢板微创治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法：采用锁定加压钢板微创治疗老年肱骨近端骨折32例,肩峰下三角肌前缘做一5cm切口,远端做一2cm切口,锁定加压钢板固定。结果：32例随访2～24个月,平均6个月。骨折全部愈合,根据Constang评分,优良率为87%。结论：肩峰下前外侧切口、三角肌分离手术入路、锁定加压钢板固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折,具有创伤小、操作安全、固定牢靠、疗效满意的优势。     

PHILOS钢板在肱骨近端骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效.方法采用PHILOS钢板治疗34例肱骨近端骨折患者.结果 失访6例,28例获得随访,时间2～24个月.患者均获得骨性愈合.术后12个月按Constant-Murley评分标准评定临床疗效：优9例,良16例,可3例.结论 PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折,手术创伤小,骨折愈合快,肩关节功能恢复良好,是治疗肱骨近端骨折特别是合并骨质疏松患者的理想术式.     

比较不同入路锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果

目的探讨不同入路锁定钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的效果。方法根据不同手术方案将收治的60例肱骨近端骨折患者分为2组,各30例。胸大肌组行胸大肌三角肌入路锁定钢板内固定术,肩峰组行肩峰下前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定术。结果肩峰组手术时间、骨折愈合时间均短于胸大肌组,术中出血量少于胸大肌组,术后3个月Constant-Murley评分高于胸大肌组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与胸大肌三角肌入路锁定钢板内固定术相比,肩峰下前外侧入路锁定钢板内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折,可缩短手术时间、骨折愈合时间,促进术后肩关节功能恢复,且安全性高。     

Philos锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折伴肱骨干骨折

目的 讨论Philos锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折合并肱骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法 收治11例肱骨近端骨折合并肱骨干骨折.X线片上表现为有移位、短缩、成角畸形.经肩关节前入路进入复位后,对仍有明显骨质缺损的部位,填人人工骨,行Philos锁定钢板同定.术后吊带悬吊,3周后功能锻炼.结果 11例获随访6～15个月,平均9.2个月,肩关节外展60～110°,平均80°,X线片显示有1例肱骨头坏死,1例肱骨头再移位,9例骨折对位对线好.按Neer功能评分标准:优8例,良1例,差2例,优良率81.8%.结论 对于肱骨近端骨折合并肱骨干骨折,行Philos锁定钢板固定术,临床治疗效果可靠,对骨质缺损严重者,应行人工骨植骨.     

肱骨近端锁定钢板与近端锁定钢板联合内侧普通钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折合并中段骨折的疗效分析

目的比较肱骨近端锁定钢板与肱骨近端锁定钢板联合内侧普通钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折合并中段骨折的疗效。方法肱骨近端骨折合并中段骨折患者18例,将18例患者分为两组:单钢板组10例,单使用肱骨近端锁定钢板;双钢板组8例,使用肱骨近端锁定钢板联合内侧普通钢板。从手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间以及术后半年、1年Neer评分方面评估两种治疗方法的临床疗效。结果随访12~18个月,平均15个月,两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后半年Neer评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);双钢板组骨折愈合时间、术后1年Neer评分优于单钢板组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肱骨近端锁定钢板联合内侧普通钢板较单用肱骨近端锁定钢板固定可靠,可进一步提供内侧柱支撑,便于早期功能锻炼,且术中肌肉止点剥离少,更有利于骨折愈合以及功能恢复。     

应用MIPPO技术PHILOS接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

[摘要]目的：探讨采用微创经皮钢板内固定技术 （minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO）技术下应用PHILOS接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法：2008年1月～2011年10月,对41例肱骨近端骨折采用MIPPO技术用PHILOS接骨板内固定治疗。根据Neer分类,二部分骨折为11例,三部分骨折为15例,四部分骨折为5例,另外10例为肱骨近端骨折同时合并肱骨干骨折。肩峰下采用纵形切口,骨折端不直接暴露,远端采用接应切口,通过骨拨骨膜外剥离,连接两个切口,     

应用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的观察、评价肱骨近端锁定钢板（LPHP）治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法通过分析自2008—01—2012—10收治并随访的52例肱骨近端二部分以上骨折。采用有限切开、透视复位、肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定的方法治疗,骨缺损患者采用自体髂骨及人工骨植骨。结果本组获得随访8—25个月（平均15个月）,肱骨近端骨折均得到了愈合,按Neer肩关节功能评分标准：优25例,良18例,可6例,差3例,优良率82．7％。未发生断板、断钉,无肱骨头缺血坏死及肩峰撞击综合征。结论应用肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折,骨缺损者取髂骨、人工骨植骨,根据骨折类型及稳定性等指导功能锻炼,骨折愈合良好、并发症少、关节功能恢复好。     

锁定钢板治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

目的评估肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗老年患者肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法2002年1月～2007年8月采用骨折切开复位肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折患者48例,其中男26例,女22例。年龄60～78岁,平均68岁。按Neer分类法,一部分骨折13例,二部分骨折32例,三部分骨折3例。结果48例均获随访,随访时间12—36个月,平均18个月。所有患者骨折均骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间12—20周,平均16周。随访期间,无螺钉脱出、折断、内固定失效发生,无一例出现肩峰撞击、畸形愈合及肱骨头缺血坏死。肩关节功能按Neer功能评分标准进行评定,优27例,良14例,可7例,优良率为85．4％。结论针对老年性肱骨近端骨折,采用切开复位肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定手术,能获得良好复位,且固定可靠、并发症少．术后功能恢复满意,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

髋臼骨折与开放骨折

随着交通事业的发展,由高能量损伤所致的髋臼骨折与开放性骨折日益增多。X线片结合CT检查及螺旋CT三维成像有助于髋臼骨折的诊断。骨折分型广泛采用Lelournel分型及AO分型。保守治疗的应用范围趋于局限,更多地采用手术治疗,强调髋臼骨折的理想复位、坚强内固定和早期功能活动。须注意正确选择手术入路,防止坐骨神经损伤、异位骨化和静脉血栓等手术并发症。而对于开放性骨折,目前强调早期充分清创和固定骨折,及早闭合伤口,注意使用抗生素,早期进行功能锻炼,以促进骨折的愈合和功能的恢复。     

Mild morphometric vertebral fractures predict vertebral fractures but not non-vertebral fractures

Summary

In this meta-analysis of the control arms of four phase 3 trials, mild vertebral fractures were a significant risk factor for future vertebral fractures but not for non-vertebral fracture.

Introduction

A prior vertebral fracture is a risk factor for future fracture that is commonly used as an eligibility criterion for treatment and in the assessment of fracture probability. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of a morphometric fracture according to the severity of fracture.

Methods

We examined the control (placebo) treated arms of four phase 3 trials. Vertebral fracture status was graded at baseline in 7,623 women, and fracture outcomes were documented over the subsequent 20,000 patient-years. Fracture outcomes were characterised as a further vertebral fracture, a non-vertebral fracture or a clinical fracture (non-vertebral plus clinical vertebral fracture). The relative risk of fracture was computed from the merged β coefficients of each trial weighted according to the variance.

Results

Mild vertebral fractures were a significant risk factor for vertebral fractures [risk ratio (RR)?=?2.17; 95 % CI?=?1.70–2.76] but were not associated with an increased risk of non-vertebral fractures (RR?=?1.08; 95 % CI?=?0.86–1.36). Moderate/severe vertebral fractures were associated with a high risk of vertebral fractures (RR?=?4.23; 95 % CI?=?3.58–5.00) and a moderate though significant increase in non-vertebral fracture risk (RR?=?1.64; 95 % CI?=?1.38–1.94).

Conclusions

Prior moderate/severe morphometric vertebral fractures are a strong and significant risk factor for future fracture. The presence of a mild vertebral fracture is of no significant prognostic value for non-vertebral fractures. These findings should temper the use of morphometric fractures in the assessment of risk and the design of phase 3 studies.     

Segmental radius and ulna fractures with scaphocapitate fractures and bilateral multiple epiphyseal fractures

Segmental forearm fractures are rare in children, and management is controversial. Epiphyseal injuries further complicate matters. We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who had segmental radius and ulna fractures with a coronal split of a metaphyseal fragment, along with bilateral epiphyseal fractures of the distal radius and ulna as well as ipsilateral scaphocapitate fractures with perilunate dislocation. There was also a contralateral fracture through the radial neck. The patient underwent immediate internal fixation of the forearm fractures and delayed fixation of the scaphocapitate fractures. Results at 12 months showed excellent functional outcome.     

Vertebral fractures and concomitant fractures of the sternum

From October 1996 to August 2001, 721 patients with vertebral fractures were admitted to our unit. Ten patients suffered from vertebral fractures and concomitant sternal fractures. The clinical notes and plain film radiographs of these patients were studied. The average age of the patients was 37 (20-69) years. Nine had been involved in road traffic accidents. Three patients had fractures of the cervical spine, six of the upper thoracic spine (T1-T6) and one had a lumbar spine fracture. The extra-thoracic fracture group included two patients with neurological compromise and two patients who were neurologically intact. The entire upper thoracic fracture group suffered neurological compromise, with four patients suffering complete neurological deficit. In addition, four of these patients suffered potentially life-threatening intra-thoracic injuries. The relative severity of the neurological compromise and the attendant injuries in the upper thoracic fracture group offers compelling evidence in support of the "fourth column" theory, as expressed by Berg [Berg EE (1993), The sternal-rib complex. A possible fourth column in thoracic spine fractures. Spine 18(13):1916-1919].     

Pediatric supracondylar fractures and pediatric physeal elbow fractures

Elbow fractures in children are extremely common, making up approximately 15% of all fractures in pediatric patients. The unique radiographic anatomy of the pediatric elbow, along with the potential for neurovascular compromise, often provokes anxiety in orthopedic surgeons. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and treatment principles makes the care for these children more straightforward, however. The distal humerus makes up approximately 85% of all elbow fractures in children. The most common fractures of the distal humerus in children are supracondylar humerus fractures, lateral condyle fractures, medial epicondyle fractures, and transphyseal humerus fractures. Each of these fractures is discussed in detail, outlining their radiographic features, principles of treatment, and potential complications.     

Intraoperative fractures in cephalomedullary nailing for trochanteric fractures

IntroductionCephalomedullary nailing (CMN) is the standard treatment for internal fixation of trochanteric fractures. Complications related to CMN include intraoperative fracture (IF), which is difficult to detect using only plain radiographs. However, analyses of IFs using plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) with a large sample size of clinical cases are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to report the incidence of IFs diagnosed by CT, the risk factors for IFs, and a comparison of clinical outcomes between patients with and without IFs.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study included 638 patients who underwent CMN fixation for trochanteric fractures. We evaluated IF using pre-and postoperative plain radiographs and CT. The primary outcome was reoperation and the secondary outcome was the proportion of patients who regained independent mobility at 3 months postoperatively. Furthermore, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association between risk factors and IFs.ResultsSeventy-five (11.8%) patients had IFs, including 53 patients with occult IFs (8.3%). The most common location of IF was at the interference with the lag screw entry (45.3%). The nail insertion procedure (17.3%) was the most common reason for IF. In the assessment of clinical outcomes, patients with IFs had no reoperations and independent mobility at postoperative 3 months was lower (69.6% vs. 79.1%). Regarding regaining independent walking in the IF group, IF distal to lag screw entry and obvious IF diagnosed with plain radiographs were poor factors. The multivariable analysis showed that only inadequate reduction on the anteroposterior view based on the plain radiograph was significantly associated with the incidence of IFs (odds ratio 3.91; 95% CI, 1.28–11.94; p = 0.017).ConclusionsThis multicenter study indicated that the incidence of IFs detected by CT in CMN treatment for trochanteric fractures was 11.8%. An inadequate reduction in the anteroposterior view based on plain radiographs was the only independent risk factor of IFs. In the assessment of clinical outcomes, patients with IF had no incidences of reoperation. However, patients with IFs tended not to regain independent mobility compared with those without IFs.     

Hip fractures

Hip fractures are the most common reason for orthopaedic admission. There are approximately 65,000 per year in England and Wales and they cause significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of these fractures and their treatment is vital to ensure optimization of these patients and to improve patient outcomes.     

Olecranon fractures

Several options exist for the management olecranon fractures. These include tension band, plate and intramedullary fixation techniques as well as fragment excision with triceps advancement and non-operative management. No one technique is suitable for the management of all olecranon fractures. In deciding how to treat this common trauma presentation, the surgeon needs a good understanding of the anatomy, different fracture morphologies, surgical options and potential complications. With appropriate management and early mobilisation good functional results can be expected in the majority of patients.