葛根素缓释片释放度的研究

目的：研究以甲壳胺和海藻酸钠为复合骨架制备的葛根素缓释片的释放度。方法：考察了不同测定条件对释放度的影响，并对释放机制进行探讨。结果：采用篮法与桨法对释放度测定没有影响；不同转速在释放初期（1－2h)对药物释放有影响；不同PH值的释放介质对翻放速率有显著影响（P＜0．05）。结论：葛根素缓释片释放稳定，释放以扩散为主，溶蚀也起一定的作用。     

控释薄膜包衣对盐酸曲马多缓释片体外释放行为的影响

目的:考察控释薄膜包衣对盐酸曲马多缓释片释放体外行为的影响及其制备方法.方法:采用骨架控释与控释薄膜包衣技术制备盐酸曲马多缓释片,并考察控释薄膜包衣对释放度的影响.结果:以丙烯酸酯聚合物为成膜材料的控释薄膜包衣,对以羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料的亲水凝胶骨架片药物释放具有显著影响.制备的盐酸曲马多缓释片体外药物释放能够达12 h以上.结论:采用控释薄膜包衣技术和骨架控释技术可用于制备强水溶性药物控释制剂.     

辛伐他汀凝胶骨架缓释片制备工艺与体外释放考察

目的：以羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）为骨架材料,制备辛伐他汀亲水凝胶骨架缓释片,并考察其制备工艺、体外释放条件对药物释放的影响。方法：采用紫外分光光度法测定缓释片的体外释放度,通过Ritger-Peppas模型探讨缓释片的释放机制。结果：缓释片体外释放受到溶出仪转速的影响,转速越大,药物释放越快;制粒方法、片剂硬度与溶出装置对体外释放无显著影响。缓释片制备工艺重现性良好,12h释放度达到80％以上,其释药过程为药物扩散和骨架溶蚀的共同作用。结论：紫外分光光度法测定体外释放度简便可行。所制备的辛伐他汀缓释片释放缓慢、平稳．符合制备要求。     

青藤碱缓释片释放度影响因素的研究

目的 考察各处方和工艺因素对以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料的青藤碱缓释片中药物释放的影响。方法 采用不同黏度级(K4M，K15M和K100M)和不同用量HPMC及不同的制备工艺制备青藤碱缓释片。结果 不同黏度级的HPMC在用量为30％时对青藤碱的释放度影响不大；当HPMC的用量小于30％时，随着HPMC用量增大，释放速度减慢，但HPMC的用量大于30％时释放速度变化不明显；当青藤碱和HPMC的比例为1：1．5时，片重从280mg增大到360mg，青藤碱释放速度减慢；HPMC粒度及片剂的硬度对青藤碱的释放速度影响较小。结论 制备青藤碱缓释片应考虑选择合适的片重及HPMC的用量。     

磷酸川芎嗪缓释片的研制

目的：制备磷酸川芎嗪缓释片。方法：用正交设计优选处方，以羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC，K100M)为骨架材料，用适量疏水性阻滞剂乙基纤维素(EC，100cps)调节药物释放速度，采用湿法制粒压片制备磷酸川芎嗪骨架片。用紫外分光光度法在295nm测定吸收度A来测主药含量，根据中国药典2000年版释放度测定法测定其体外释放度，并对其稳定性作了初步考察。结果：所制备的缓释片在12h内呈现良好的缓释特征，符合Higuchi方程，累积释放百分率Q=30.2915t^1/2-6．7776(r=0．9937)，释放速度符合中国药典2000年版对缓释片的质控要求，且对湿、光、热稳定性良好。结论：该磷酸川芎嗪缓释片处方设计合理，制备方法简单，质控容易，缓释效果明显，稳定性理想，值得进一步研究开发。     

茶碱缓释片的制备工艺对释放度的影响研究

目的：以乙基纤维素为骨架材料,以羟丙基甲基纤维素为致孔剂制成茶碱缓释骨架片,考察羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）、乙基纤维素（EC）与茶碱缓释片释放度的关系以及制备工艺对茶碱缓释片体外释药速度的影响。方法：均匀设计实验,对茶碱缓释片进行体外释放度测定。结果：用羟丙基甲基纤维素制备的茶碱缓释片,释放度数据较稳定;调整羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素用量配比,湿法制粒所得骨架片的释药速度比干法直接压片有所减慢;压片力的大小对释药速度也有一定的影响。结论：通过对茶碱缓释片制备工艺条件的考察,找到了适合生产的制备工艺,使药效稳定,提高了茶碱用药的安全性和有效性。     

甲硝唑缓释片的制备及其体外释药的影响因素考察

目的：提供甲硝唑缓释片的制备方法，考察影响其体外累积释放度的各种因素。方法：采用羟丙甲纤维素（HPMC）为亲水凝胶型骨架材料，以内烯酸树脂乳胶液为黏合剂及阻滞剂制备甲硝唑缓释片；考察HPMC的用量、丙烯酸树脂乳胶液用量、压片压力等因素对甲硝唑缓释片体外累积释放度的影响。结果：本实马命制备的甲硝唑缓释片体外释放度与释药时间之间符合对数州归方程，同归系数为0．9907：HPMC比例提高到10％以上时，对该品的释药速率影响不明显；丙烯酸树脂乳胶液用量对甲硝唑缓释片的释药速率有显著影响，释药速率随丙烯酸村脂乳胶液用量的增加而明显减慢，硬度在70～120N范围内时对释药速率的影响不明显。结论：本文验制备的甲硝唑缓释片持续释药达12h，不仅减少了给药次数，而且有效地减少了不良反应的发生，并降低了不良反应的严重程度。     

氯雷他定伪麻黄碱双层缓释片的制备及体外释药的影响因素

[目的]探讨氯雷他定伪麻黄碱双层缓释片的制备及体外释药的影响因素。[方法]以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料，以湿法制粒压片制备双层缓释片，考察HPMC用量、PVP用量及乙醇浓度对主药体外释放的影响，优化处方工艺。[结果]经检测表明，所制备的双层缓释片与国外进口分装产品主药释放度相似，且处方设计合理，制备方法极为简单，质控容易，稳定性理想。[结论]本试验制得的双层缓释片，缓释效果明显，药物释放达到药典对缓释片各取样点累积释放百分率的要求，而且新的制备工艺简单易行，生产成本低，片剂外观、可压性良好，证明该工艺应用于工业化大生产是可行的。     

盐酸文拉法辛凝胶骨架片的制备及体外释药特性研究

目的制备盐酸文拉法辛(VH)亲水凝胶骨架片,考察处方、工艺对其体外释药行为的影响,并对其释药机理进行初步分析。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为基本骨架材料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为阻滞剂,采用湿法制粒制备凝胶骨架片,通过单因素试验筛选辅料种类,利用正交设计试验优化处方,建立释放度测定方法,并通过不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果盐酸文拉法辛缓释片体外释药符合一级释药特征,药物释放主要是通过Fick扩散完成。HPMC用量和黏度、阻滞剂用量对释放速率有显著影响,填充剂、制粒方法和压片压力对释放速率的影响不显著。结论以HPMC K100M和CMC-Na为骨架材料,制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。     

盐酸文拉法辛凝胶骨架片制备及体外释药特性研究

目的 制备盐酸文拉法辛(VH)亲水凝胶骨架片,考察处方、工艺对其体外释药行为的影响,并对其释药机理进行初步分析。方法 以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为基本骨架材料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为阻滞剂,采用湿法制粒制备凝胶骨架片,通过单因素试验筛选辅料种类,利用正交设计试验优化处方,建立释放度测定方法,并通过不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果 盐酸文拉法辛缓释片体外释药符合一级释药特征,药物释放主要是通过Fick扩散完成。HPMC用量和黏度、阻滞剂用量对释放速率有显著影响,填充剂、制粒方法和压片压力对释放速率的影响不显著。结论 以HPMC K100M和CMC-Na为骨架材料,制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.