北京市西城区护国寺中医院就诊患者幽门螺杆菌感染状况分析

目的 了解北京市西城区护国寺中医院就诊患者1 132例人群中幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的感染状况及分布情况.方法 采用13C-尿素呼气试验检测慢性幽门螺旋杆菌感染情况检测受检者. 结果 Hp感染总阳性率46.9％,男性阳性率53.6％,女性阳性率43.7％,女性感染低于男性.男女间Hp阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各年龄组间Hp阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,随年龄增大Hp阳性率增高.各组间进行两两比较后发现,18～岁组与31～岁组间,18～岁组与51～岁组之间,18～岁组与71～90岁组之间Hp阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）. 结论 北京市西城区护国寺地区Hp感染率与全国平均水平相当,男性感染率高于女性,31岁以上的受检者感染率显著高于30岁及以下成人.     

九江市庐山区托幼机构儿童蛲虫感染调查

[目的]了解庐山区儿童蛲虫感染状况.[方法]采用透明胶纸肛周粘贴法随机对庐山区城区和乡村幼儿园3～6岁儿童313名开展蛲虫感染情况的检查.[结果]庐山区儿童蛲虫平均感染率为14.37%,其中农村儿童蛲虫感染率为22.22%;城市儿童的晓虫感染率为9.56%,农村高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P(0.05);儿童蛲虫感染率随年龄增长有下降趋势,但差异不明显;不同性别之间感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).[结论]农村儿童晓虫感染率高于城市儿童,与其接受集体生活和教育机会的增加密切相关,应采取对策,加强对农村儿童蛲虫感染的控制.     

南阳地区856例健康体检者幽门螺杆菌感染及其免疫分型分析

目的 探讨南阳地区健康体检者幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染情况及其免疫分型.方法 对2019年5月-2021年2月在南阳南石医院体检的健康体检者856例进行Hp感染和免疫分型检测,探讨不同性别、年龄人群中的Hp感染情况和免疫分型.结果 856名受检者中,检出Hp阳性530例,感染率为61.92％;Hp感染率Ⅰ型为36.44％(312例),Ⅱ型为25.47％(218例),差异有统计学意义(x2=24.15,P＜0.05);男性为64.16％,女性为58.69％,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.63,P＞0.05);18～44岁组为50.22％,45～59岁组为62.32％,60～74岁组为71.16％,≥75岁组为65.71％,差异有统计学意义(x2=21.73,P＜0.01).CagA抗体阳性率最高,为48.68％,VacA抗体阳性率最低,为21.70％,不同Hp免疫分型阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=87.62,P＜0.01);各年龄组均以CagA抗体阳性率最高,VacA抗体阳性率最低,各年龄组Hp免疫分型差异均有统计学意义(x2值为17.60～22.00,P值均＜0.01).结论 南阳地区Hp感染主要以Hp Ⅰ型为主,感染率略高于全国平均水平,免疫分型以CagA抗体阳性为主;不同年龄Hp感染率存在差异,中老年及高龄人群感染率明显高于青年群体,但免疫分型无明显差异.     

北京地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染情况调查

目的调查北京地区消化道不适儿童幽门螺杆菌感染情况,为做好防治工作提供依据。方法采用间接固相免疫层析技术对2007年3月-2009年3月来北京儿童医院门诊就诊的13 795名消化道不适患儿进行幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）感染检测,并对年龄、性别和季节因素与儿童幽门螺杆菌感染率进行相关分析。结果北京地区消化道不适儿童Hp感染率为13.40%~35.48%,平均感染率为20.34%。7 607名男性患儿现症感染阳性率18.79%,IgG阳性率21.31%;6 188例女性患儿现症感染阳性率16.53%,IgG阳性率19.15%;男性感染率明显高于女性。随着年龄的增长,Hp感染呈上升趋势。从7岁开始Hp感染显著增高,到17岁时达到35.48%。一、四季度儿童Hp感染率明显高于二、三季度。结论北京地区消化道不适儿童Hp感染率低于国内报道平均水平,但高于发达国家水平。儿童Hp感染呈现年龄、性别和季节性差异。     

2014年南阳市城乡托幼机构儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

目的了解南阳市城乡儿童蛲虫感染状况。方法采用透明胶纸肛周粘贴法随机对南阳市城区和乡镇7所幼儿园3-6岁儿童320名进行蛲虫感染状况调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 2014年南阳市城乡儿童蛲虫感染率为8.13%,其中城市儿童感染率为4.79%,农村儿童感染率为10.92%,农村高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同性别儿童感染率无明显差别,不同年龄组间随年龄增大感染率有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论农村儿童蛲虫感染率高于城市,与其生活环境,卫生习惯,健康教育等因素有关,应加强管理,采取措施,降低农村儿童蛲虫感染率。     

体检人群幽门螺旋杆菌抗体定量检测及免疫分型的研究分析

目的 研究体检人群幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)的感染及免疫分型情况。方法 采用免疫比浊法对Hp抗体进行定量检测和免疫印迹方法对Hp抗体进行分型，分析不同性别、年龄的感染与免疫分型结果，以及感染抗体数与抗体水平的相关性。结果 体检人群Hp总阳性率为41.37%(235/568),其中HpⅠ型阳性率为28.70%(163/568),HpⅡ型阳性率为12.68%(72/568)。不同性别的Hp感染率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.975,P=0.323),其中不同性别的HpⅠ型、HpⅡ型感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同性别的CagA、VacA、UreA、UreB抗体感染率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随着年龄的增加，Hp感染率、HpⅠ型感染率、CagA抗体感染率均有升高趋势(P<0.05);其中Hp感染率、HpⅠ型感染率、CagA抗体感染率的41岁～50岁和51岁～71岁感染率均高于18岁～30岁的感染率(P<0.05)。结论 性别对Hp感染率无影响；高年龄段41岁～50岁和51岁～71岁的Hp感染...     

无锡地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染现状调查

目的对儿童患者的Hp抗体结果进行回顾性分析,调查无锡地区儿童Hp的感染现状。方法采用胶体金法检测儿童血清Hp抗体。结果共检测了575例儿童,Hp阳性73例,阳性率为12.7%,其中0～7岁儿童血清HP抗体的阳性率为8.6%,8～14岁儿童的感染率为19.4%,明显高于低年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),0～14岁儿童Hp总体感染率为13.4%,其中男性12.3%、女性15.0%,性别间差异无统计学意义。结论无锡地区儿童Hp感染率低于全国平均水平,但预防和及早治疗儿童感染Hp仍不容忽视。     

白银地区体检人群Hp阳性率与年龄、性别及糖脂代谢的关系分析

目的探讨白银地区体检人群幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)阳性率情况与年龄、性别及糖脂代谢的关系。方法选取2015年1月-2017年12月白银地区体检人群18 722例,检测Hp感染率。结果 16 722例健康体检者中7092例感染Hp,感染率为42.41%;男性健康体检者中Hp感染率为48.63%,明显高于女性(P0.05); 20～29岁、30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁和60～70岁Hp感染率分别为31.78%、38.49%、41.68%、49.18%和65.93%,随年龄增加,Hp感染率升高(P0.05); Hp感染者空腹血糖(FBG)为(4.98±1.22) mmol/L,明显高于无Hp感染者(P0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)为(1.10±0.35) mmol/L,明显低于无Hp感染者(P0.05)。结论白银地区体检人群Hp阳性率较高,阳性率在性别、年龄分布中有所差异,同时Hp感染对糖脂代谢有一定影响。     

武汉市公务员幽门螺杆菌感染及其相关因素调查分析

目的 调查武汉地区公务员的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况,对其相关因素进行评价,并探讨防治幽门螺杆菌感染的对策.方法 选择2012年湖北省新华医院体检中心健康体检的武汉地区公务员2975人作为调查对象,使用14C呼吸试验检测该人群Hp感染率,其检查值＞100为阳性,＜100为阴性,并调查分析Hp感染特征和影响因素.结果 武汉地区公务员Hp感染率平均为42.38％,46～59岁组女性最高,为46.05％;＞75岁老年组男性最低,为38.38％;31～45岁组偏高,＞75岁组偏低;46～59岁组、60～74岁组接近平均水平,各年龄组感染率差异有统计学意义,而年龄、性别组间差异均无统计学意义;家庭及个人生活习惯与Hp感染有显著相关性,其中生食蔬菜、水果未洗等是Hp感染的危险因素;分析Hp感染与胃病史及治疗的关系发现,有胃病无治疗组的Hp感染率高于无胃病组,而有胃病已治疗组的Hp感染率最低,差异有统计学意义.结论 武汉地区公务员的Hp感染率明显低于我国平均的Hp感染率,Hp感染率与性别、年龄无相关性,生活和饮食习惯及胃病史为影响其感染的主要因素;健康体检人群中Hp感染较为常见,应引起足够重视,对体检人群进行Hp感染的健康管理至关重要.     

10070例幽门螺杆菌抗体检测及结果分析

目的了解幽门螺杆菌(Hp)在义乌地区人群中的感染情况,为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用免疫胶体金法对10 070名患者进行Hp-Ig G抗体检测,按照性别、年龄进行分组并对结果进行统计分析。结果 10 070名患者中Hp整体感染率为55.03%(5 542/10 070),男、女感染率分别为55.12%(2 802/5 083)、54.94%(2 740/4 987),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着年龄的增长Hp感染率递增,年龄分布以≤20岁年龄段最低,51岁~60岁年龄段最高,≥61岁年龄段略有下降,各年龄段比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论义乌地区Hp感染率较高,感染率与性别无关,随年龄的增长而增长,应开展Hp普查,加强预防和治疗。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.