急性心肌梗死伴心衰、心源性休克病人经皮冠状动脉介入治疗近中期疗效

目的 观察ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴心衰、心源性休克患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的近期、中期疗效。方法 总结分析206例ST抬高AMI患者的临床资料,其中伴心衰和/或休克90例。对心衰或/和心源性休克患者行PCI58例(PCI组:急诊PCI41例,外院转入行补救性PCI17例),药物溶栓20例(溶栓组),一般治疗12例(未行再灌注组);分析各组患者的临床特征,并比较PCI组及溶栓组的住院时间、住院及随访期间不良心血管事件发生率、心功能恢复情况,观察PCI组血管开通时间、TIMI血流与预后的关系。结果 PCI组、溶栓组血管开通率分别为98.3%和65.0%(P<0.01),平均住院时间分别为(15.3±3.5)d和(20.5±4.4)d,住院及随访期间死亡率PCI组6.9%,溶栓组25%(P<0.05)。PCI组两亚组术后心功能恢复均好于溶栓组(P<0.01和P<0.05)。结论 对于ST段抬高AMI伴心衰、心源性休克患者,PCI与溶栓相比,能及时开通血管且开通率高,术后近期及中期心功能恢复较好,不良心血管事件少,是一种安全有效的治疗措施,可作为首选。     

急性ST段抬高心梗直接经皮冠脉介入治疗的疗效分析研究

目的:对急性ST段抬高心梗(STEMI)患者进行直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗或溶栓治疗,探讨直接PCI治疗STEMI的疗效。方法:入选STEMI患者81例,分为直接PCI组(32例)和溶栓组(49例)。直接PCI,取桡动脉或股动脉为冠状动脉造影(CAG)径路,采用Judkins法行左、右冠状动脉造影,确定梗死相关动脉(IRA),采取PTCA+支架或直接支架方式仅干预IRA。溶栓治疗,重组链激酶150万单位入0.9%氯化钠溶液100 mL中半小时内滴注完毕。临床评价指标,IRA再通率、ST段回落(STR)≥50%、2周时左室舒张末径(LVDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心衰、梗后心绞痛、非致死性再次心梗、死亡。结果:进门-溶栓时间平均为57 min,进门-球囊扩张时间平均为91 min。直接PCI组血管再通率高于溶栓组(P<0.05),直接PCI组STR≥50%率高于溶栓组(P<0.05),直接PCI组再次心梗、梗后心绞痛、心衰发生率低于溶栓组(P<0.05)。结论:直接PCI治疗急性ST段抬高心梗疗效优于溶栓治疗。     

静脉溶栓和直接经皮冠脉腔内成形术治疗发病3h后急性心肌梗死的疗效比较

目的对比静脉尿激酶溶栓(UK)和直接冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)治疗发病3h后急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效。方法 109例发病3h后AMI患者,61例接受静脉溶栓治疗,48例接受PCI治疗。比较两组住院期间临床结果及超声心动图结果。结果直接PCI组:IRA开通率(95.9%)高于UK组(61.2%),P﹤0.05;心衰发生率12.1%,严重心律失常发生率8.1%,心源性休克发生率2.7%,病死率2.7%,均低于PCI组(分别为25.0%,20.0%,10.0%,11.1%,两组比较有显著差异,P﹤0.05)。UCG检查:室壁矛盾运动发生率直接PCI组为2.7%,低于UK(12.7%),P﹤0.05;而左室射血分数LVEF%直接PCI组为56.8±8.3),高于UK组51.2±10.4,两组比较P﹤0.05。而两组中出血率、再发心绞痛率和再闭塞率无明显差别(P0.05)。结论与UK治疗相比,直接PCI治疗发病3h后AMI疗效更佳,可减少心衰及心脏恶性事件发生率和病死率,改善预后。     

急性心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病优化介入治疗与直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床对比研究

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）联合尿激酶静脉溶栓（即优化介入治疗）与直接经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）合并2型糖尿病（DM）的有效性和安全性。方法 78例发病时间≤12h的首次AMI患者随机分为溶栓治疗＋PCI组（45例）和直接PCI组（33例），对2组患者介入治疗前梗死相关血管（IRA）通畅率、介入治疗成功率、出血并发症发生率、住院期间急性心脏缺血事件发生率及出院前左心室功能（LVEF）进行比较。结果 冠状动脉介入治疗前溶栓治疗＋PCI组IRA通畅率（53．3％）显著高于直接PCI组（24．3％）（P〈0．05），前者介入治疗成功率98．0％；2组开通率分别为91．1％和87．9％；住院期间2组均无严重出血及急性心脏缺血事件发生；出院前经超声心动图测得LVEF在溶栓治疗＋PCI组为64．8％，明显高于直接PCI组57．5％（P〈0．05）。结论 静脉溶栓治疗联合PCI治疗AMI合并2型DM早期再通率高。更有利于保护左室功能，不增加出血并发症。     

Efficacy of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolysis and primary coronary stenting after acute myocardial infarction

Objective To compare the efficacy of low dose recombin ant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis with primary corona ry stenting after acute myocardial infarction. Methods Of 261 patients with first acute myocardial i nfarction, 131 were given low dose rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis, and 130 primary coronary stenting. Results The age, time from onset of chest pain to hosp ital presentation and infarct location between these two groups were comparable . The patency rate of the infarct-related artery (IRA) in patients in the thro mbolysis group was significantly lower than that of patients in the primary sten ting group (P&lt;0.001). Recurrent myocardial infarction, and selective coron ary stenting of patients with thrombolytic therapy were higher than that of pat ients in the primary stenting group (7.6% vs 1.5%, P&lt;0.05; 20.6% vs 0, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patie nts in the thrombolysis group was lower than that of the stent group (55.6%±13 .4% vs 65.8%±9.2%, P&lt;0.001). Total hospitalization time of the thrombo lysis group was longer than that of the stent group （16±7 d vs 11±4 d, P &lt;0.001). Mortality in the thrombolysis group was higher than that of the stent group, but this difference was not significant （6.1% vs 3.1%,P&gt;0 .05） Conclusion Comparing with low dose rt-PA thrombolytic therapy after acute myocardial infarction, primary coronary stenting has a highe r patency rate of the IRA, better cardiac function and shorter hospitalization time.     

急诊PCI对高危急性心肌梗死近期病死率的影响

目的：明确急诊经应穿刺冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对高危急性心肌梗死（AMI）近期病死率的影响。方法：637例经临床确诊的ST段上抬型、发病时间〈12h的AMI患者被分为急诊PCI（105例）、溶栓治疗（94例）、药物治疗（348例）三组，依据logistic回归方程高危AMI患者的P值，各组更分为高危、低危两个亚组。以Timi血流分级判断急诊PCI梗死相关冠状动脉（IRA）开通、血栓、慢复流、无复流情况；记录住院期间临床事件；4周后用二维超声心动图测定左心室射血分数（LVEF）；统计各组及亚组28天病死率。结果：PCI级IRA开通率为100％，支架率为99．0％。高危与低危两个亚组术中冠脉内血栓发生率分别为25．0％和20．0％；慢复流发生率分别30．0％和25.0％；无复流发生率分别4．0％和o．0％。临床事件中，三组及亚组间出血发生率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；药物组及其亚组心衰发生率显著高于PCI组和溶栓组及亚组（P均〈0.01）；溶栓组及亚组心绞痛和再梗死发生率较PCI组和药物纽及亚组高（P〈0.05或P〈0．01）；PCI组及其亚组住院天数明显短缩（P〈0．01）；药物组及其亚组LVEF较PCI组和溶栓组及亚组下降（P均〈0.05）；PCI组、溶栓组和药物组的28天病死率分别为0％、7.4％和18．7％（P〈0．05或P〈0.01），且死亡者均为高危亚组患者，溶栓组和药物组的高危亚组痛死率分别为10．4％和26．0％（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：急诊PCI较尿激酶静脉溶栓及单纯药物治疗AMI更能充分开通IRA，改善心功能，减少临床事件，短缩住院天数；可进一步降低高危AMI病死率。     

急性心肌梗塞直接冠状动脉介入治疗的临床疗效观察

目的 :比较直接冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)与静脉溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗塞 (AMI)患者住院期间的临床效果。方法 :在 166例AMI患者中 ,86例患者直接PCI ,80例患者接受尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果 :溶栓梗塞组相关血管 (IRA)再通率 5 2例 ,再通率 62 % ;直接PCI组IRA成功开通 80例 ,成功率 10 0 % ,住院期间左室射血分数 (LVEF)溶栓组为 5 2 8± 10 1% ,直接PCI为 63 8± 9 6%差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :直接PCI与溶栓治疗AMI患者比较 ,前者能使IRA充分有效开通 ,可更好地改善患者的左心室功能。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓后常规早期行血管重建的临床研究

目的若ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者不能立即行急诊PCI,则应行溶栓治疗。但目前为止还未确定溶栓治疗后行常规PCI的作用及理想时间。因此,本研究将溶栓后6h内常规早期PCI与溶栓失败后行补救性PCI的治疗方案进行比较。方法随机选择接受了溶栓治疗的266例高危的STEMI患者,并在溶栓6h后行PCI治疗。在30d及6个月时对患者进行随诊。原始终点为30d内发生死亡、再发心肌梗死、再发心肌缺血、新发充血性心力衰竭或原有心衰加重。结果在第30天,常规早期PCI治疗的患者原始终点发生率低于常规治疗的患者(相对危险度为0.64;95%可信区间0.47vs0.87;P=0.004)。而在第6个月时,两组再梗死的发生率和死亡率比较差异无统计学意义(相对危险度为0.83;95%可信区间0.55vs1.25;P=0.360)。结论 STEMI的高危患者溶栓治疗后,在6h内即进行PCI治疗可显著改善心脏预后,但远期效果仍需要进一步观察。     

Thorombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

Background Although thrombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is a common treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction （STEMI）, scant data are available on its efficacy relative to primary PCI, and comparison was therefore the aim of this study. Methods This multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel trial was conducted in 12 hospitals on patients （age 〈70 years） with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset （mean interval 〉3 hours）. Patients were randomized to three groups： primary PCI group （n=101）; recombinant staphylokinase （r-Sak） group （n=-104）; and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rt-PA） group （n=-106）. For all patients allocated to the thrombolytic therapy arm, coronary angiography was performed at 90 minutes after drug therapy to confirm infarct-related artery （IRA） patency; rescue PCI was performed in cases with TIMI flow grade 〈2. Bare-metal stent implantation was planned for all patients. Results After randomization it required an average of 113.4 minutes to start thrombolytic therapy （door-to-needle time）and 141.2 minutes to perform first balloon inflation in the IRA （door to balloon time）. Rates of IRA patency （TIMI flow grade 2 or 3） and TIMI flow grade 3 were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group at 90 minutes after drug therapy than in the primary PCI group at the end of the procedure （70.5% vs. 98.0%, P 〈0.0001, and 53.0% vs. 85.9%, P 〈0.0001, respectively）. Rescue PCI with stenting was performed in 117 patients （55.7%） in the thrombolytic therapy arm. Rates of patency and TIMI flow grade 3 were still significantly lower in the rescue PCI than in the primary PCI group （88.9% vs. 97.9%, P=-0.0222, and 68.4% vs. 85.0%, P=0.0190, respectively）. At 30 days post-therapy, mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombolysis combined with rescue PCI group than in primary PCI group （7.1% vs. 0, P=0.0034）. Rates of death/MI and bleeding complications were significantly higher in the thrombolysis with rescue PCI group than in the primary PCI group （10.0% vs. 1.0%, P=-0.0380, and 28.10% vs. 8.91%, P=-0.O001, respectively）. Conclusions Thrombolytic therapy with rescue PCI was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary patency and TIMI flow grade 3, but with significantly higher rates of mortality, death/MI and hemorrhagic complications at 30 days, as compared with primary PCI in this group of Chinese STEMI patients with late presentation and delayed treatments.     

心肌缺血预适应对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的急性心肌梗死预后影响

目的研究心肌缺血预适应(MIP)对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者预后的影响。方法选取186例行PCI治疗的初次ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料,根据是否有MIP分为MIP阳性组(A组,n=87)和MIP阴性组(B组,n=99),回顾性分析其临床资料,比较两组梗死面积、左心室功能、冠脉病变、侧支循环、血管开通率及住院期间并发症的发生率,进而评估MIP对行PCI的AMI患者预后影响。结果 A组多支病变明显高于B组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。A组住院期间反映心肌梗死范围的指标CK、CK-MB峰值、QRS积分、白细胞计数和超敏C反应蛋白均较B组低;反映左心室功能的指标LVEF比B组高,室壁运动异常节段数比B组低;住院近期预后比较,心力衰竭、心源性休克、严重心律失常、再梗死、心源性死亡及复合终点事件发生率均较B组低,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论心肌缺血预适应对经PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者预后影响不明显。