垂体瘤的影像学诊断及评优

目的：探讨如何运用影像学检查方法对垂体瘤做出正确及早期的诊断。方法：对42例经手术和病理证实的垂体瘤病例进行回顾性分析，研究其临床及影像学表现。结果：大腺瘤（直径大于10mm）30例，以无功能性腺瘤多（占63．3％），微腺癌（直径不大于10mm）12例，以功能性腺瘤多（占91．7％）。微腺瘤直接征象为垂体内CT低密度或MRI（T1W1）低信号。CT和MRI增强后将显著提高低密度或低信号的显示率。大腺瘤增强后均有不同程度的强化。CT和MRI增强对于显示肿瘤的部位、大小、范围、鞍旁结构的受侵情况均有很高的价值。结论：对临床疑似病例，MRI行Gd—D1PA增强扫描可作为诊断垂体瘤的首选影像检查方法。     

内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路行垂体瘤切除术的临床分析

目的探讨垂体瘤患者采用内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路行垂体瘤切除术的临床疗效。方法选取本院2010年6月至今院神经外科接受内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路行垂体瘤切除术的58例垂体瘤患者作为研究对象,所有患者经内分泌及影像学检查后行内镜辅助下垂体瘤切除术。结果本组所有患者经鼻蝶入路行垂体瘤切除术后,手术全切除者41例（24．15％）、次全切除者14例（24．1％）、部分切除者3例（5．2％）,手术后均治疗成功无死亡病例。结论对垂体瘤患者采用内镜辅助下经鼻蝶入路切除术能取得较好的治疗效果,该手术式创伤小、安全性高,术后并发症少,且患者术后恢复较快,值得临床推广应用。     

经显微镜下鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术的疗效

目的分析经显微镜下鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术疗效。方法选取我院收治100例垂体瘤患者,均采取显微镜下鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术。结果手术均顺利完成,无死亡与大出血。结论经显微镜下鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术疗效理想,创伤小、并发症少,具有临床应用价值。     

神经内镜下单鼻孔入路经蝶垂体瘤切除术临床效果及价值分析

目的:探讨垂体瘤采用神经内镜下单鼻孔入路经蝶垂体瘤切除术治疗的临床效果。方法:选择2015年8月～2018年8月我市垂体瘤患者74例,遵照双盲法分组标准分为实验组、对照组,各37例,分别采取神经内镜下单鼻孔入路经蝶垂体瘤切除术治疗和显微镜下单鼻孔入路经蝶垂体瘤切除术治疗,对比两组手术情况和并发症。结果:实验组并发症发生率为2.70%,与对照组的29.73%相比更小,且对照组术中出血量多于实验组,住院时间长于实验组,手术时间长于实验组,存在统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论:神经内镜下单鼻孔入路经蝶垂体瘤切除术应用于垂体瘤患者中有确切的效果,能够缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,值得推广。     

CR、CT、MRI在骨肿瘤诊断中的临床作用分析

目的：探讨CR、CT及MRI在骨肿瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：随机选取2011年5月到2013年3月我院收治的骨肿瘤患者55例，均行CR平片检查，行CT及MRI检查者分别为21例、20例。结果：55例患者经CR平片检查，显示估值变化这51例，21例行CT检查患者，均显示骨质改变，且病灶范围大小不一，显示骨膜反应这8例；20例行MRI检查者中，均显示软组织肿胀、病灶边界，显示骨髓水肿这8例。结论：在骨肿瘤的诊断中，首选方法仍是CR平片，但是CT可显示肿瘤细微结构及范围，而MRI可显示肿瘤软组织损伤及骨髓水肿情况，所以在诊断中应综合使用，提高骨肿瘤的诊断率。     

垂体瘤切除术围手术期的护理体会——神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路

目的:探讨神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术围手术期的护理要点。方法:对我院2008年02月-2011年02月收治的90例全麻下行神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术患者的围手术期护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果:患者术后出现并发症共8例,其余均取得良好效果。随访12-24个月,原垂体瘤症状均不同程度减轻,并发症痊愈。结论:加强神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路切除垂体瘤患者的围手术期护理,针对术后易出现的并发症及早采取相应的护理措施是患者手术顺利进行、术后早日康复的关键因素之一。     

脑室镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除的手术效果分析

目的探讨脑室镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除的手术效果。方法选取2012年1月至2015年12月我院收治的60例垂体瘤患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组在显微镜下进行垂体瘤切除术,观察组在脑室镜下实施经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术创伤面积、临床总有效率、术后并发症发生率。结果观察组的手术时间、手术创伤面积均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的临床总有效率为90.00%,显著高于对照组的66.67%(P<0.05)。观察组的术后蛛网膜下腔出血、外鼻孔缩窄、脑脊液侧漏发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在垂体瘤患者的临床治疗中,在脑室镜下实施经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术具有显著的临床疗效。     

口腔癌的CT、MRI表现及在其诊断中的应用价值

目的分析口腔癌的CT及MRI表现，评价影像检查在口腔癌诊断中的应用价值，探索合理的影像学检查方法。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的口腔癌66例（唇癌2例，牙龈癌18例，颊黏膜癌15例，舌癌24例，口底癌7例，），其中32例行CT扫描，34例行MRI扫描，将影像表现与手术所见及病理结果进行对照分析。结果66例口腔癌中，呈浸润性生长的溃疡型病变42例，外生性生长的肿物型病变24例。CT扫描32例，明确显示病变27例，遗漏病变5例，其中4例为表浅溃疡型病变。CT扫描病例中，10例有骨质侵犯，CT扫描准确评价8例，遗漏2例。MRI扫描34例，均准确评价肿瘤及其与周围结构的关系。结论CT、MRI对口腔癌原发肿瘤的形态、大小、周围结构侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移的评价有重要价值。对于较小及呈浸润性生长的表浅溃疡型肿瘤，CT扫描尤其是cT平扫难以准确显示，应首选MRI。     

单鼻孔经蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨单鼻孔经蝶入路切除垂体瘤的手术技巧。方法对78例垂体腺瘤均经MRI确诊,并在显微镜下经鼻蝶窦入路切除。结果 78例患者中肿瘤全切除42例,大部分切除36例。78例分泌腺瘤病人中术后激素水平降至正常59例,43例暂时性尿崩,低钠血症13例,脑脊液鼻漏7例。结论经单鼻孔蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤是一种安全有效的微侵袭手术方法。     

先天性胆管囊肿的CT、MRI诊断

目的探讨CT、MRI诊断先天性胆管囊肿的价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的24例先天性胆管囊肿的CT及MRI表现,评估其诊断价值。结果 24例中的10例经CT及14例经MRI诊断为先天性胆管囊肿并进行分型的病例,其影像学检查结果与手术病理结果一致,其中I型18例,Ⅳ型5例,V型1例。结论 CT、MRI均是理想的诊断先天性胆管囊肿的影像学诊断方法,尤其是MRCP,因其无创、安全、无需造影剂、无辐射、可多角度观察等优势成为明确诊断的较佳手段。     

CI与医院营销

通过对CI和医院营销的基本概念及二者的相互关系的简述,阐述了CI是搞好医院营销的前提和保障,强调医院形象及品牌对医院创造服务对象价值的重要性。并导入了一个新的概念——医院内部营销。医院要搞好营销,就必须将广告宣传和内部营销有机地结合起来,取得事半功倍的效果。     

MALNUTRITION AND PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

In a study conducted during the, past five years in urban America, results suggest that. malnutrition during early infancy will retard physical and intellectual development.     

ILEOSTOMY AND FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE LOSSES

The proper establishment of a permenent ileal stoma should present no unusual fluid or electrolyte problems incompatible with normal recovery after major surgery.     

吸烟与儿童青少年健康

吸烟对儿童青少年健康的危害是多方面的,可以影响到多个系统,不仅增加了患呼吸系统疾病的危险性,影响其生长发育,而且还与儿童青少年的智力发育密切相关,增加了某些行为问题的发生率.目前世界上许多国家都已采用了多渠道、多层面的综合措施来控制烟草对儿童青少年的危害.     

THE WEIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE: TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AND DOCTORS AND PATIENTS

This paper examines one particular problem in medical education: the rapid accumulation of technical medical knowledge. It is suggested that this development contributes significantly to several major deficiencies in training for clinical practice: it encourages a passive learning model, it helps to undervalue consultation skills and it inappropriately increases the student's anxiety in “not knowing all the facts.” In addition, the emphasis on technical knowledge helps to narrow the focus of attention to technical details at the expense of essential information on the patient's relationships and environment. Knowledge will continue to accumulate; a number of suggestions are made to ameliorate some of the harmful effects of this accumulation on teaching and learning in medical school. They include more emphasis on the process of the consultation and on problem-solving skills learned experientially rather than mastery of facts. A further recommendation is made to re-evaluate what is the essential knowledge base so that greater weight is given to information about the patient's relationships, attitudes and beliefs. The paper concludes with an assessment of the major institutional constraints standing in the way of the educational reforms outlined and suggests some ways these could be overcome.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原、表面抗体共存与HBV-DNA的相互关系及其临床意义

[目的]探讨HBsAg和抗-HBs共存表型的临床意义. [方法]83例HBsAg和抗-HBs共存表型,根据抗原和抗体含量分A、B、C、D群,并且对此4群进行HBV-DNA分析,根据肝炎诊断标准进行分型,肝功能状态进行分析. [结果]83例HBsAg和抗-HBs共存病例中A群占7.2%HBV-DNA捡出率3.6%,B群占84,3%HBV-DNA检出率48.2%,C群占1%未检出HBV-DNA,D群占7.2%HBV-DNA检出率1.2%;无症状慢性携带者13例、慢性肝炎30例、肝硬化12例、肝癌28例;AST、ALT、T-BiL正常分别为55.4%、57.8%、44.6%,抗原量高的B群一半以上肝功能异常. [结论]HBsAg和抗-HBs共存表型中B群HBV-DNA检出率最高,肝功能异常一半以上,肝癌发生率最高.     

AGING AND DIETARY FAT AND CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT

Aging itself had no effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport in male hamsters. Decreased LDL transport rates in young and adult hamsters were induced by a diet enriched in cholesterol and saturated fat.     

MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RISKS AND ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR

There are theoretical reasons to expect that high risk of mortality or morbidity during young adulthood decreases investment in human capital. However, investigation of this hypothesis is complicated by a variety of empirical challenges, including difficulties in inferring causation due to omitted variables and reverse causation. For example, to compare two groups with substantially different mortality rates, one typically has to use samples from different countries or periods, making it difficult to control for other relevant variables. Reverse causation is important because human capital investment can affect mortality and morbidity. To counter these problems, we collected data on human capital investments, fertility decisions, and other economic choices of people at risk for Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is a fatal genetic disorder that introduces a large and exogenous risk of early mortality and morbidity. We find a strong negative relation between mortality and morbidity risks and human capital investment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SEROTONIN AND AGGRESSION AND THE ALCOHOL-AGGRESSION RELATIONSHIP

The consumption of an intoxicating dose of alcohol increasesthe likelihood of violent behaviour. Three possible mechanismsinvolving potentiation, inhibition, and disorganization of behaviourare presented. The manner in which these three effects may bemediated by serotonergic activity is briefly discussed. A moreextensive review of the serotonin-aggression relationship isthen presented.