内镜下电凝胆囊粘膜消除术中电热效应对动物组织的影响

目的:通过动物实验研究在内镜下电凝法消除胆囊粘膜对组织的影响及适宜的电极功率设置。方法:健康小型猪6只,开腹行胆囊造瘘术,4周后再次开腹以前列腺电切镜自窦道插入,分别以70W、90W、120W、150W功率电凝消除胆囊粘膜,并即时用测温仪测量电凝相应部位的浆膜面温度。手术结束后剪取胆囊送病理检查,光镜下观察胆囊壁热损伤深度。结果:所选电凝功率均能有效消除胆囊粘膜,相同条件下胆囊浆膜面温度和胆囊壁热损伤深度与电凝功率呈正相关。结论:内镜下电凝胆囊粘膜消除术中适宜的电凝功率为70W。     

从保胆角度看19例胆囊造瘘术患者的临床应用价值

目的:探讨从保胆角度看胆囊造瘘术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析本院2010年1月-2013年12月收治的19例行胆囊造瘘术患者的临床资料。结果:19例胆囊造瘘术患者中,治愈16例,好转3例(带管出院)。术后3~6个月再次手术情况:行胆囊切除术10例;未再次手术治疗9例。对胆囊未切除者每6个月行彩超检查1次,最长已随访8次,最短随访1次,未发现胆囊再发结石,生活质量正常。结论:胆囊造瘘术不仅限于急危重症胆囊结石患者,在保胆理论的支持下,胆囊造瘘术在胆囊结石的治疗中将具有的更大价值。     

电凝胆囊床对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后肝功能的影响

目的：观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术后电凝胆囊床对肝功能的影响。方法：对30例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者根据术中是否电凝胆囊床分成非电凝组和电凝组,动态观察其术前1d、术后1d、3d、7d血浆ALT、AST、TBIL三项肝功能指标变化。结果：患者术后肝功能观察指标均升高,以术后d1明显,d3有所下降,d7基本恢复正常,二组术后d1、d3对比有显著性差异,电凝组对肝功能指标的影响高于非电凝组。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆囊床的电凝所致的热损伤是术后ALT、AST、TBIL指标升高的主要原因。     

经自然管壁内镜手术胆囊切除术动物实验

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜辅助下自然管壁内镜手术（NOTES）胆囊切除术的操作方法、可行性及安全性。方法采用成年杂种犬模型10只。先后完成内镜下胃造口术、腹腔探查、经脐单孔腹腔镜辅助下胆囊暴露及内镜下胆囊切除术。术后钛夹闭合胃壁切口,常规应用抗生素3d,半流食饲养。2周后处死模型解剖,观察胆囊切除术后改变。结果8只模型胆囊切除术后存活2周,1只实验中死亡,1只存活1周后死于腹腔脓肿,成功率80%（8/10）。平均用时80min/例次（40-150min）,术中肝脏出血应用电凝止血4次,钛夹闭合1次;胆囊及胆囊管残端漏各1次,用钛夹闭合成功。存活两周模型解剖胃壁造口完整闭合,腹腔无脓肿。结论杂种犬能较好模拟人体进行内镜胆囊切除术研究,经脐戳孔辅助经胃途径胆囊切除术是可行的,具有一定的安全性,目前的器械和设备尚不能满足NOTES技术需要,还有待研发。     

胆囊造瘘术治疗高龄、高危急性胆囊炎29例体会

目的：探讨基层医院对高龄、高危急性胆囊炎患者的手术治疗方法。方法：回顾我院1995年至2010年收住的高龄、高危急性胆囊炎患者,采用局麻下造瘘引流术、胆囊造瘘术的治疗效果。结果：29例患者手术顺利,无术中死亡。1例术后4天死于肝功能衰竭,1例5天死于再发脑出血,余均治愈出院。结论：局麻下对高龄、高危急性胆囊炎患者行胆囊取石、胆囊粘膜化学性切除、胆囊底固定于皮下的胆囊造瘘术,手术造作简单、时间短、创伤小、并发症少,相对安全。     

不同术式治疗老年急性胆囊炎33例

目的：探讨老年人急性胆囊炎不同的外科治疗方式。方法：老年急性胆囊炎33例行胆囊切除12例，胆囊切除 胰腺引流3例，胆囊造瘘术7例，经皮胆囊造瘘术4例，经皮经肝胆囊造瘘术3例，非手术治疗和放弃治疗各2例。结果：治愈22例，好转8例，死亡3例，均为术后多脏器功能衰竭所致。结论：积极做好围手术处理，早期灵活选用手术方法，重视应用微创手术如经皮胆囊穿刺和经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流，可以减少手术风险，提高治愈率。     

双极电凝封闭胆囊颈管和动脉在LC的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）时单用双极电凝封闭胆囊颈管总管侧残端和对胆囊动脉进行电凝止血的可行性,以此替代钛夹或生物夹夹闭法。方法 2009年10月～2010年8月,在完成临床应用前相关实验的基础上,随机对127例LC患者术中单用双极电凝封闭胆囊颈管残端并对胆囊动脉进行电凝止血。结果 127例患者均获成功。手术耗时,术后住院日和并发症发生情况与同期132例夹闭法患者作统计学分析差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后常规B超复查无异常,2例患者术后MRCP检查无异常。平均单例住院费电凝法比生物夹闭法低13.3%。结论 LC时单用双极电凝封闭胆囊颈管残端和对胆囊动脉进行电凝止血是一种安全、可行的方法,并有益于克服夹闭法的一些不足和降低手术费用。     

胆囊部分切除术在临床上的应用及评价

当胆囊有坏疽或穿孔之势时，务必行急诊胆囊切除术。但因胆囊周围炎症水肿严重，解剖关系不清，或年老体弱，或有全身合并症而又不宜行胆囊切除术者，只好行胆囊造瘘术。但胆囊造瘘术尚需再次手术。我们体会胆囊部分切除术优于胆囊造瘘术，我院从１９８７年６月至１９９７...     

胆囊造瘘术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的：探讨胆囊造瘘术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术方式。方法：对胆囊造瘘术后23例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行回顾性分析。结果：成功施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术21例,中转开腹行胆囊切除术2例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术成功率达91．3％。结论：对胆囊造瘘术后胆囊结石复发患者,腹腔镜胆囊切除术仍然是较好的手术方式。     

腹腔镜下单用双极电凝行胆囊动脉止血167例报告

目的探究腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中单纯采用双极电凝行胆囊动脉电凝止血的可行性,用以替代钛夹或生物夹胆囊动脉夹闭止血法。方法对167例LC患者单纯采用双极电凝行胆囊动脉电凝止血。结果 167例均获成功,手术耗时,术后恢复情况与夹闭胆囊动脉止血法无差异,电凝法每例比夹闭法平均少用生物夹1.2枚,术后常规B超随访无异常。结论 LC中单纯采用双极电凝行胆囊动脉电凝止血是安全可靠的,并能减少生物夹的用量,可作为LC时胆囊动脉止血可供选择的一种方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.