微创球囊扩张椎体成型术的临床应用

目的:探讨经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗中老年胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折,椎体肿瘤的疗效.方法:局麻下采用经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术,治疗中老年胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折,63例75个椎体,椎体转移肿瘤4例5个椎体,血管瘤2例2个椎体.采用后路椎弓根入路.双侧18椎,余均为单侧.结果:随访5～24个月,患者胸腰背疼痛缓解明显,脊柱后凸畸形及椎体高度恢复明显.结论:该手术治疗中老年中老年胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折、椎体肿瘤效果满意.     

对比单侧与双侧PKP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效

目的对比单侧与双侧经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效。方法对于骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折行双侧椎体成形术15例,单侧椎体成形术18例。结果对于行单侧椎体成形术与双侧椎体成形术后的患者随访12～48月,行单双侧PKP术后的指标与术前对比,VAS与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论行单侧与双侧椎体成形术能有效的缓解骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折导致的疼痛,并部分恢复病椎的高度,可改善脊柱的功能。     

体位复位在椎体后凸成形术中的应用效果

目的 探讨椎体后凸成形术中,球囊撑开复位结合躯体过伸复位对骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗效果.方法 对51例78椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者采用随机双盲法分为对照组和实验组,对照组予以单球囊双侧椎弓根入路椎体后凸成形术;实验组在术前予以极度后伸位复位后进行单球囊双侧椎弓根入路椎体后凸成形术.收集两组术前和术后的伤椎高度,C...     

经皮椎体后凸成形术中单双侧经椎弓根穿刺路径的选择

[目的]探讨骨质疏松性椎体骨折经皮后凸成形术中单双侧经椎弓根入路的选择.[方法]36例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,术前根据伤椎椎弓根CT层面经椎弓根进针线确定单、双侧入路,采用球囊或Sky扩张器行椎体后凸成形术.术前、术后1周及1年时摄x线片测量椎体高度恢复率、后凸Cobb's角及疼痛视觉类比评分(VAS).[结果]36例50节骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折中,44节椎体行经皮椎体后凸成形术.术前计划单侧经椎弓根入路32节椎体,双侧经椎弓根入路12节椎体;术中单侧入路22节椎体,双侧入路22节椎体,其中10节椎体由单侧入路改为双侧入路.术后1周及1年时VAS评分、椎体后凸Cobb's角及椎体高度恢复率较术前均改善(P<0.05).但单侧组与双侧组比较,上述参数无显著性差异(P>0.05).[结论]根据术前伤椎CT椎弓根进针线可以初步确定单、双侧椎弓根穿刺路径.腰椎及大部分胸椎可以采用单侧经椎弓根入路行经皮椎体后凸成形术,部分下胸椎骨质疏松性骨折患者需行双侧经椎弓根入路.     

手法整复结合球囊扩张后凸成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折

目的：评价手法整复结合球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效。方法：19例患者先行俯卧位骨折手法整复,然后行经皮穿刺双侧椎弓根入路球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术。比较术前、手法整复后和后凸成形术后伤椎的形态改变,观察背痛缓解情况以及有无并发症发生。结果：19例患者术前、手法整复后与后凸成形术后伤椎的前缘高度相应数据配对比较,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,48h内背痛明显缓解。结论：伤椎的复位与固定是手法整复与后凸成形共同作用的结果,在后凸成形之前充分的手法整复利于后凸成形术施行,并减少其并发症发生。     

系统评价指导下PVP/PKP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨系统评价指导下选择经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效.方法 2005年9月-2009年3月,针对性选择46例新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折.根据系统评价包括:Jikei骨质疏松分级、Genant半定量法分级、伤椎数量.分为A、B两组.A组25...     

经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗老年人椎体压缩性骨折护理分析

目的:探讨经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗老年性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的护理。方法:通过经皮穿刺的微创方法,采用球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折患者62例。术前做好心理护理,疼痛的护理,功能锻炼的指导,术中加强生命体征的观察及术后护理等综合护理措施。结果:经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术对老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的治疗安全有效。结论:经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体成形术安全、简单,可迅速缓解疼痛。改善活动能力,提供生活质量,疗效满意,值得推广。     

双侧穿刺单球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效观察

目的探讨经皮双侧椎弓根穿刺单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年6月,采用经皮双侧椎弓根穿刺单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折28例临床疗效,观察患者手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、椎体前柱高度、Cobb角及活动能力评分。结果全部病例均顺利完成手术,无并发症发生,28例均获得随访至少1年。术后2 d及末次随访结果提示所有患者术后疼痛明显减轻,椎体高度、Cobb角及行动能力均取得明显改善(P0.01)。结论经皮双侧椎弓根穿刺单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松骨折可有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,纠正脊柱后凸畸形,改善生活质量,取得满意的临床疗效,同时手术中只使用一个球囊,可以有效减轻患者的经济负担。     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者采用经皮椎体后凸成形和经皮椎体成形术的临床效果对比

目的观察分析骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者采用经皮椎体后凸成形术和经皮穿刺椎体成形术进行治疗的临床效果。方法选择2014年1月至2016年1月期间在本院治疗的50例均患有骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的患者,将患者随机分成观察组、对照组,每组25例。观察组患者经经皮椎体后凸成形术进行治疗,对照组使用经皮穿刺椎体成形术予以治疗。观察两组患者临床总有效率,术后6个月VAS疼痛评分和Barthel指数,术后半个月和术后一年伤椎的椎体前缘高度恢复情况,以及骨水泥注射量和骨水泥渗漏率,并进行比较。结果两组患者临床总有效率、VAS疼痛评分、Barthel指数相比,组间不存在显著的统计学差异(P0.05);观察组患者术后伤椎的椎体前缘高度的恢复情况显著优于对照组,组间存在显著统计学差异(P0.05);观察组患者骨水泥注射量多于对照组,骨水泥渗漏率低于对照组,组间存在显著统计学差异(P0.05)。结论经皮椎体后凸成形与经皮穿刺椎体成形术在用于骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者的治疗过程中,均可达到较好的治疗效果,有效缓解临床疼痛,促进患者自理能力恢复,两种方法相比,经皮椎体后凸成形术复位效果更好,骨水泥渗漏率更低,在经济条件许可的情况下可用作治疗首选,具有较高的临床应用价值,值得推广。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折24例

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法分析24例老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者应用椎体后凸成形术治疗,在伤椎椎弓根建立工作通道,应用球囊扩张后注入骨水泥,骨水泥固化后拔除工作套筒,完成手术。结果本组24例全部获得随访,术后随访6～18个月,平均12个月,患者伤椎恢复原有高度,腰背部疼痛消失,无复发,手术成功。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折中可以迅速缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度和形态,是一种理想的治疗方法,具有较好的临床应用前景。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性老年骨质疏松脊柱骨折

目的 探讨应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(Kyphoplasty)治疗多发性老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的疗效和安全性。方法 治疗8例17椎多发性老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折,患者均不伴神经损伤,术前X线及MRI检查证实多发性脊柱骨折,手术在C型臂X线机透视下进行,经皮穿刺,置入可扩张球囊于伤椎塌陷终板前下方,扩张球囊提升终板以恢复椎体高度,在持续X线监视下注入骨水泥强化椎体,同法完成各伤椎的操作。结果 8例17椎均顺利完成手术,术后无脊髓神经根受损表现,48h内疼痛均缓解。X线片复查示伤椎高度基本恢复,后凸畸形大部矫正,未发现并发症。结论 球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性老年骨质疏松脊柱骨折安全有效。     

Biomechanical evaluation of kyphoplasty with calcium sulfate cement in a cadaveric osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Vertebral compression fractures can cause deformity, pain, and disability. Kyphoplasty involves percutaneous insertion of an inflatable balloon tamp into a fractured vertebra followed by injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. PMMA has several disadvantages such as potential thermal necrosis and monomer toxicity. Calcium sulfate cement (CSC) is nontoxic, osteoconductive, and bioabsorbable. PURPOSE: To evaluate the biomechanical performance of CSC for kyphoplasty in cadaveric osteoporotic vertebral bodies. STUDY DESIGN: Destructive biomechanical tests using fresh cadaveric thoracolumbar vertebral bodies. METHODS: Thirty-three vertebral bodies (T9 to L4) from osteoporotic cadaveric spines were disarticulated, stripped of soft tissue, and measured for height and volume. Each vertebral body was compressed at 0.5 mm/s using a hinged plating system on a materials testing machine to create an anterior wedge fracture and reduce the anterior height by 25%. Pretreatment strength and stiffness were measured. Two KyphX inflatable balloon tamps were used to reexpand each vertebral body. After randomization, three groups were created: Group A-no cement; Group B-PMMA; Group C-calcium sulfate cement. Groups B and C were filled with the corresponding cement to 25% of the vertebral body volume. All vertebral bodies were then recompressed by 25% of the post-kyphoplasty anterior height to obtain posttreatment strength and stiffness. RESULTS: Treatment with PMMA restored vertebral strength to 127% of the intact level (4168.2 N+/-2288.7) and stiffness to 70% of the intact level (810.0 N/mm+/-380.6). Treatment with CSC restored strength to 108% of the intact level (3429.6 N+/-2440.7) and stiffness to 46% of the intact level (597.7 N/mm+/-317.5). CSC and PMMA were not significantly different for strength restoration (p=.4). Significantly greater strength restoration was obtained with either PMMA or CSC, compared with the control group (p=.003 and .03, respectively). Stiffness restoration tended to be greater with PMMA than for CSC, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=.1). Both cements had significantly greater stiffness when compared with the control group (p=.001 and p=.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Use of CSC for kyphoplasty yields similar vertebral body strength and stiffness as compared with PMMA. It may be a useful alternative bone cement for kyphoplasty. Further studies are required to assess the bioabsorption of CSCs after kyphoplasty in vivo.     

气囊扩张椎体后凸成形术的初步报告

目的:初步评价气囊扩张后突成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的手术操作、安全性、及疗效。方法:观察21例骨质疏松患者,30节椎体,新鲜骨折24椎节,陈旧性骨折6椎节,均有局部腰背疼痛,无神经症状。C-arm透视下,两侧同时经皮穿刺,气囊扩张骨折复位后,骨水泥灌注入椎体。随访4～7月。记录患者局部止痛的疗效,骨折的复位,及并发症等情况。结果:完全止痛14例,部分止痛7例,24节新鲜骨折气囊扩张的复位率是28.2％,6节陈旧性骨折复位率是2.1％。并发症2例,骨水泥外漏到椎间隙。其他椎体再次骨折2例,余无疼痛复发及椎体高度丢失。结论:气囊扩张后突成形术能恢复脊柱的稳定性,部分矫正脊柱后突,止痛疗效好,创伤小,并发症少,值得推广。     

球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗肿瘤性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨应用经皮穿束0球囊椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗肿瘤性椎体压缩性骨折（VCFs）的疗效和安全性。方法2007年3月至2008年12月采用PKP治疗肿瘤性VCFs患者16例28个椎体。结合体检、X线与MRI检查确定靶椎体,经皮穿刺椎弓根途径进入病椎瘤灶内,行肿瘤活检,置人可扩张球囊,扩张球囊复位塌陷的病椎,并形成骨水泥充填空腔,注入团状期骨水泥强化稳定病椎。应用视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分观察手术前、后疼痛及功能变化情况,观察手术前、后椎体高度和后凸角度的恢复及并发症发生的情况。结果16例28椎均顺利完成手术,术后2d内疼痛均缓解,VAS评分由术前（8．7±1．3）分降为术后2d、3、6、12个月时的（2．3±0．5）、（2．4±0．3）、（2．5±0．6）、（2．7±0．2）分（P〈0．05）;ODI评分由术前（75．6±6．7）分降到术后2d、3、6、12个月时的（25．6±2．8）、（26．7±2．1）、（27．5±2．2）、（29．2±2．4）分（P〈0．05）。术后椎体高度及Cobb角矫正较术前明显恢复（P〈0．05）。术后无脊髓神经根受损表现,未发现骨水泥栓塞等并发症。共有4例4个椎体（14．3％）出现骨水泥渗漏,但术后即刻及随访中均无明显的临床症状。结论应用PKP治疗肿瘤性VCFs,具有确切的缓解疼痛与改善功能的效果,能明显提高患者的生活质量,同时对病椎高度的恢复和后凸畸形的矫正也具有良好的效果,近期疗效满意。     

Preliminary results with modified techniques of balloon kyphoplasty for vertebra plana, traumatic fractures and neoplasms

Percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty are less invasive treatment options than open surgery for patients with vertebral compression fractures. With balloon kyphoplasty, the injection of bone cement is preceded by inflation and removal of bone tamps (balloons) inside the fractured vertebral body. This allows for the creation of a void, where viscous cement is delivered resulting in a lower risk for cement leakage than with vertebroplasty. Another advantage of the balloon inflation is the potential to correct the deformity and restore sagittal alignment. The percutaneous techniques normally require intact pedicles and intact posterior elements. We found that modifying the technique made it suitable for the management of vertebra plana, traumatic fractures, and neoplasms. Our study documents the different modified techniques and the clinical results obtained within the first 21 patients.     

单双侧经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

[目的]探讨单、双侧经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的方法及其效果.[方法]回顾性分析胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者117例共169个椎体,分为单侧穿刺组和双侧穿刺组,比较治疗前后两组患者的手术时间、出血量、骨水泥灌注量、疼痛强度视觉模量评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、骨折椎体高度恢复、后凸矫正程度、骨水泥渗漏率,评价治疗效果.[结果]两组患者的手术时间、出血量和骨水泥灌注量均存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).术后两组患者的疼痛强度视觉模量评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数明显改善,伤椎高度恢复,椎体后凸部分矫正,均较术前有统计学意义(P＜0.05),随访期间疼痛指数无加重;但两组间比较,治疗效果及骨水泥渗漏率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).[结论]单、双侧经皮椎体后凸成形术均可有效治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,单侧组具有手术时间短、创伤小等优点.     

Biomechanical evaluation of an injectable radiopaque polypropylene fumarate cement for kyphoplasty in a cadaveric osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model

Vertebral compression fractures cause pain, deformity, and disability. Polypropylene fumarate (PPF) has shown promise as an injectable cement for bone defects but little is known about its performance for kyphoplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of PPF for kyphoplasty in simulated anterior compression fractures in cadaveric vertebral bodies. Thirty-one vertebral bodies (T9 to L4) from osteoporotic cadaveric spines were disarticulated, stripped of soft tissue and compressed on a materials testing machine to determine pretreatment strength and stiffness. All fractures were repaired with inflatable balloon tamps and either polymethylmethacrylate or PPF-30 (containing 30% barium sulfate by dry weight) cement and then retested. Strength restoration with PMMA and PPF-30 were 120% and 104%, respectively, of the pretreatment strengths. For stiffness, PMMA and PPF-30 restored vertebral bodies to 69% and 53%, respectively, of the initial values. There was no significant difference in treatment with either PMMA or PPF-30. The biopolymer PPF-30 exhibits mechanical properties similar to PMMA in a cadaveric kyphoplasty model. PPF biopolymer may be a suitable alternative for kyphoplasty.     

球囊扩张椎体成形术联合降钙素治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效

目的回顾性分析球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术联合降钙素治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。方法 2007年2月～2010年1月,对25例35个椎体发生骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术联合降钙素综合治疗。术中在透视机监视下采用单侧椎弓根穿刺,置入1枚可扩张球囊使骨折塌陷椎体复位,灌注骨水泥充填由球囊扩张所形成的椎体内空腔。术后每天静脉注射鲑鱼降钙素,通过观察患者术后症状改善及骨折复位情况来评估其疗效。结果所有患者随访6～32个月,平均（21.3±0.2）个月。全部患者均顺利完成手术,无症状性并发症发生。术后疼痛明显减轻或消失。术后椎体高度平均恢复率59.5%。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折可有效缓解疼痛、改善功能及恢复脊柱序列,联合降钙素的应用能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折引起的疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的较好微创方法之一。     

Balloon tibioplasty: a useful tool for reduction of tibial plateau depression fractures

Reduction of the articular surface in displaced tibial plateau fractures is still challenging and may result in joint incongruence, leading to posttraumatic arthrosis. Conventional techniques use bone tamps and similar instruments, which can increase the surgical trauma due to their size. "Balloon tibioplasty" is a novel minimally invasive technique for the reduction of depressed tibial plateau fractures. We successfully applied an inflatable balloon, commercially available from kyphoplasty, to elevate the depressed articular fragments. This technique allowed for reduction of the depressed tibial plateau fragment without classic fenestration of the tibia, thereby minimizing surgical trauma. Furthermore, under fluoroscopic control, optimal centering of the expanding tibioplasty balloon allows a widespread and continuously increasing reduction force to the fracture area. After fluoroscopy or arthroscopic confirmation of reduction of the articular surface, the cavity resulting from tibioplasty was filled with ceramic bone cement through small incisions and fractures were fixed with a small fragment locking T-plate (3.5 mm). Balloon tibioplasty was applied in 5 patients with displaced tibial plateau fractures (OTA type B2/3). No intra- or postoperative complications were observed. This new technique may be a useful tool to facilitate the reduction of select depressed tibial fractures in the future.     

Percutaneous vertebral augmentation: an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are being increasingly treated with minimally invasive bone augmentation techniques such as kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. Both are reported to be an effective means of pain relief; however, there may be an increased risk of developing subsequent VCFs after such procedures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and complication profile of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in a single patient series. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A clinical series of 36 patients with VCFs treated by vertebral augmentation procedures was retrospectively analyzed for surgical approach, volume of cement injected, cement extravasation (symptomatic and asymptomatic), the occurrence of subsequent adjacent level fracture, and pain relief. PATIENT SAMPLE: Thirty-six patients with 46 VCFs underwent either kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty after failing conservative therapy. The mean patient age was not significantly different between the kyphoplasty group (70; range, 46-83) and vertebroplasty group (72; range, 38-90) (p=.438). OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were assessed by using self-report measures (a comparative pain rating scale) and physiologic measures (pre- and postoperative radiographs). METHODS: Thirty-six patients with VCFs underwent 46 augmentation procedures (17 patients had 20 fractures treated via kyphoplasty, and 19 patients had 26 fractures treated via vertebroplasty). Seventeen patients in this series underwent kyphoplasty using standard techniques involving bone void creation with balloon tamps, followed by cement injection. Nineteen patients underwent a percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure using a novel cannulated, fenestrated bone tap developed to direct cement anteriorly into the vertebral body to avoid backflow of cement onto neural elements. RESULTS: Pain improvement was seen in >90% of patients in both groups. Mean cement injection per vertebral body was 4.65 mL and 3.78 mL for the kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty groups, respectively (p=.014). Ninety-five percent of the kyphoplasty procedures were performed bilaterally, whereas only 19% of the vertebroplasty procedures required bilateral augmentation (p<.001). There was no cement extravasation resulting in radiculopathy, or myelopathy in either group. Asymptomatic cement extravasation was seen in 5 of 46 (11%) of the total series (3/20 [15%] and 2/26 [7.7%] of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, respectively) (p=.696). Within a 3-month period, there were 5 new adjacent level fractures seen in 3 patients who underwent a kyphoplasty procedure (5/20 [25%]) and none in the vertebroplasty group (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vertebroplasty appears to offer a comparable rate of postoperative pain relief as kyphoplasty while using less bone cement more often via a unilateral approach and without the attendant risk of adjacent level fracture.