肾小球微血管构型的扫描电子显微镜观察

应用微血管铸型扫描电镜技术研究8例成人肾脏的肾小球微血管构筑,结果发现:1.输入小动脉在肾小球血管极处分为2～5支小球内小叶微动脉。输入小动脉血管铸型的直径为126.35±20.5μm。2.肾小球是由小球内小叶微动脉、毛细血管、毛细血管网小叶间交通支和毛细血管输出根所构成的近似于球状体,小球内每个毛细血管网小叶均是一个独立的机能解剖学单位;3.299个肾小球均有一支输出小动脉,只有一个肾小球有两支输出小动脉。输出小动脉的血管铸型直径为91.35±11.7μm。4.输出小动脉起始处具有毛细血管前括约肌装置,此结构在调控肾小球内的微循环血流有着重要意义。     

糖尿病足微血管病变及其药物治疗的研究进展

微血管是指微小动脉和微小静脉之间,管腔直径在100μm以下的毛细血管网。毛细血管基底膜增厚是糖尿病性微血管病变的主要病理特征。微循环是微动脉与微静脉之间毛细血管中的血液循环。在致病因素作用下,血液成分的改变,使管腔狭窄;血液流速减慢或血栓形成,使全身或局部组织缺血缺氧甚至坏死,从而引起一系列临床症状[1]。糖尿病微血管病变常伴有微循环障碍,可以见于全身任何部位,不仅发生在肾脏和视网膜,也     

神经肽Y Y1受体样免疫反应物质在大鼠冠状血管中的分布

目的　对大鼠冠状血管中神经肽 Y(NPY)的 Y1 受体样免疫反应物质 (- L I)进行定位 .方法　用免疫组织化学方法在光镜和电镜水平进行观察 .结果　大鼠心脏内大的冠状动脉未见 Y1 受体免疫反应的 (- Ir)标记 ,小动脉和微动脉的多数平滑肌细胞则含 Y1 受体 - L I.小动脉和微动脉平滑肌细胞的 Y1 受体 - L I在血管外膜侧、内皮细胞侧和两个平滑肌细胞相邻侧的细胞膜上均有散在的 Y1 受体 - L I和 Y1 受体 - Ir小泡 ,一些毛细血管的内皮细胞呈 Y1 受体 - L I.结论　 NPY对冠状血流的调节主要作用于小动脉和微动脉的平滑肌细胞 ,有些毛细血管的内皮细胞可能也参与 NPY对血流的调节 .     

山羊肾微血管构筑的超微结构观察

目的观察山羊肾微血管构筑。方法经山羊肾动脉灌注ABS丁酮溶液,制成肾脏微血管铸型标本,在双目显微镜下进行解剖,镀膜后用扫描电子显微镜观察。结果山羊肾小球为一簇迂回盘曲的血管团,由小叶输入微动脉、毛细血管网小叶及小球内交通支和小叶输出微动脉构成;绝大部分肾小球的入球小动脉和出球小动脉均为1支,少数出球小动脉为2支。其出球小动脉的口径约为入球小动脉的一半,大多数自肾小球门处穿出,个别可从肾小球门的对侧离开。结论肾血管的灌注和铸型是研究肾脏血管超微结构较为理想的方法。     

山羊肾微血管构筑的超微结构观察

目的观察山羊肾微血管构筑。方法经山羊肾动脉灌注ABS丁酮溶液,制成肾脏微血管铸型标本,在双目显微镜下进行解剖,镀膜后用扫描电子显微镜观察。结果山羊肾小球为一簇迂回盘曲的血管团,由小叶输入微动脉、毛细血管网小叶及小球内交通支和小叶输出微动脉构成;绝大部分肾小球的入球小动脉和出球小动脉均为1支,少数出球小动脉为2支。其出球小动脉的口径约为入球小动脉的一半,大多数自肾小球门处穿出,个别可从肾小球门的对侧离开。结论肾血管的灌注和铸型是研究肾脏血管超微结构较为理想的方法。     

山羊肾微血管构筑的扫描电镜观察

目的观察山羊肾微血管构筑。方法经山羊肾动脉灌注丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯丁酮溶液,制成肾脏微血管铸型标本,在双目显微镜下进行解剖,镀膜后用扫描电子显微镜观察。结果山羊肾小球为一簇迂回盘曲的血管团,由小叶输入微动脉、毛细血管网小叶及小球内交通支和小叶输出微动脉构成;绝大部分肾小球的入球小动脉和出球小动脉均为1支,少数出球小动脉为2支。其出球小动脉的直径约为入球小动脉的一半,大多数自肾小球门处穿出,个别可从肾小球门的对侧离开。结论肾血管的灌注和铸型是研究肾脏血管超微结构较为理想的方法。     

血栓性血小板减少性紫癜病

一、概念:在急性发热性溶血性贫血时,全身小动脉(以下用 A 代表)及毛细血管有透明样血栓形成,结果血小板减少而发生紫癜,出现各种神经精神症状的疾病称为“血栓性血小板减少性紫癜”。     

内毒索性休克时血浆组胺、儿茶酚胺的含量与血液动力学和微循环变化的关系

给狗注入灵杆菌内毒素(2mg/kg体重)后2～5 min,血浆组胺含量由对照值的1.16±0.28ng/ml,增高至11.42±5.2ng/ml,以后逐渐下降,至4h仍略高于对照值;血浆去甲肾上腺素(NA)和肾上腺素(Ad)含量,分别由对照值的1.13±0.28ng/ml、1.05±0.32ng/ml,增高至7.33±1.86ng/ml、10.04±3.94ng/ml,至6h仍显著高于对照值。动脉血压在2～5min内降至对照值的24.16％,至6h仍为对照值的69.2％,血压呈时相性变化;在休克过程中心输出量、心脏指数均降低,体循环总阻力增高;球结膜微循环在注入内毒素后1～2min即可见微动脉、微静脉和毛细血管明显扩张、血流缓慢,5min以后的6h内,微动脉明显收缩,而毛细血管和微静脉仍扩张、淤血。根据实验结果,讨论了所得各种变化在内毒素性休克发生发展过程中的关系。注入内毒素后很快地促使组胺大量释放,引起微循环扩张、淤血,外周阻力下降,回心血量减少,导致动脉血压急剧降低,反射性地NA和Ad释放增多,使微动脉、小动脉收缩,外周阻力升高,血压有所回升。但由于微静脉和毛细血管持续性扩张、淤血,因此血压和心输出量在实验过程中始终是降低的,甚至导致动物死亡。     

8例高血压急症相关性肾损害的临床病理分析

目的探讨高血压急症相关肾损害的临床、病理特点和预后。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2014年1月我院明确诊断的8例高血压急症相关性肾损害患者,所有患者均行肾活检病理检查,及相关实验室及影像学检查。结果患者初始平均收缩压/舒张压（232±30/140±13）mm Hg,平均血肌酐值（452±172）μmol/L（190-922）μmol/L。光镜检查显示：所有的肾活检标本均有小动脉洋葱皮样增厚,及肾小球毛细血管袢缺血皱缩,然而未见到小动脉纤维素样坏死。降血压治疗对所有患者有效,并明显改善患者肾功能。结论高血压急症相关肾损害最常见的病理表现是小动脉洋葱皮样增厚和肾小球毛细血管袢缺血性皱缩;严格控制血压可显著改善高血压急症相关肾损害的预后。     

人肾小球血管的扫描电子显微镜观察

4例人肾小球铸型扫描电镜观察。肾小球由毛细血管蟠曲成球形、桑椹形;由指状毛细血管突起成菊花形;二者兼有成混合形。入球、出球小动脉多为1支,个别为2支,有的入球小动脉出现局部狭窄,出球小动脉的出球部位不一,按行程分为短支、长支、蟠曲型,一般比入球小动脉细,个别相等或较粗,髓旁区出球小动脉分为肌型、内皮型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.