利多卡因、曲马多和枢复宁对预防罗库溴铵注药痛的对比研究

目的观察罗库溴铵注药痛的发生率、致痛程度以及预先注射药物的预防效果。方法拟行全身麻醉的成年手术患者125例。麻醉诱导时用限时法给予肌松药。按静脉注射罗库溴铵前预先注射的药物将患者随机分为5组,每组25例。Ⅰ组生理盐水3ml、Ⅱ组利多卡因0．5mg／kg、Ⅲ组曲马多1．0mg／kg、Ⅳ组曲马多1．5mg／kg和Ⅴ组枢复宁0．07mg／kg。左上臂包裹气压止血带,加压至70mmHg阻断静脉回流后,以3ml／10s的速度在左侧手背静脉注入各组预先给予的药物,30s时松开止血带。立即10s注射罗库溴铵0．6mg／kg,观察并询问患者注药局部的痛感,并对疼痛反应评估分组。结果Ⅰ组罗库溴铵注药痛发生率达到88％,中、重度注药痛发生率为44％。Ⅱ组84％的患者无注药痛,16％的患者痛感轻微。Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组注药痛发生率分别为84％、76％和72％,与Ⅰ组相似;但Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组中、重度注药痛发生率(16％和4％)比I组明显减少。结论麻醉诱导时预先静脉注射利多卡因0．5mg／kg,能有效降低罗库溴铵注药痛的发生率和致痛程度;预注曲马多或枢复宁亦能降低中、重度注药痛的发生率。     

静脉预注利多卡因对罗库溴铵肌松起效时间的影响

目的探讨静脉预注利多卡因对罗库溴铵肌松起效时间的影响。方法ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、在气管插管全身麻醉下行择期手术的男性患者60例,年龄18～49岁,体重41～82kg,随机分为利多卡因组（Li组）与对照组（C组）,每组各30例。麻醉诱导：静注1．5mg／kg丙泊酚及芬太尼4μg／kg。麻醉维持：丙泊酚7mg／（kg·h）。肌松监测采用加速度法四个成串刺激（TOF）,测定和记录刺激尺神经时拇内收肌的颤搐反应。Li组静注利多卡因1.5mg／kg,C组静注等量生理盐水,2min后静注罗库溴铵0.6mg／kg,待TOF T1抑制95％时行气管插管。记录肌松起效时间（注药结束至TOF的T1肌颤搐抑制95％的时间）及气管插管条件。结果肌松起效时间：C组与Li组分别为（84.70±28．28）s、（68.30±23.46）s,Li组显著快于C组（P〈0.05）。气管插管条件：Li组显著优于C组（P〈0.05）。诱导前、插管前两组NSBP、DBP、HE均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论利多卡因可显著缩短罗库溴铵肌松起效时间、改善气管插管条件,是罗库溴铵用于快速顺序诱导气管插管时有效的辅助药物。     

曲马多应用于全身麻醉的临床观察

目的 评估曲马多应用于全身麻醉的临床效果。方法 选择ASAI－Ⅱ级子宫手术患者60例,采用曲马多4mg/kg（T组,n＝30）或芬太尼4μg/kg（F组,n－30）,丙泊酚2．5mg/kg和维库溴铵0．1mg/kg诱导插管,术中以维库溴铵、丙泊酚（0．1－0．2）mg.kg^-1.min^-1持续静滴,曲马多（50－100）mg/h或芬太尼（0．05－0．1）mg/h维持麻醉。监测麻醉前、插管前后、切皮前及之后5、15、30、60、90min的MAP和HR,拔除气管导管后呼吸空气5、10、15、30min的SpO2,评估麻醉满意度。结果 术中麻醉效果均满意。T组在诱导插管时MAP改变不明显,而F组明显下降（P＜0．001）,两组间比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。术毕拔管后15min内呼吸空气时SpO2T组明显高于F组（P＜0．05）。结论 曲马多应用地全身麻醉效果确切,而且麻醉诱导时血流动力学改变不明显,术后呼吸抑制程度较轻。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉苏醒期躁动的影响

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉不同泵注方法对全麻苏醒期躁动的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期手术病人60例，随机均分为3组，每组20例，所有病人均以咪唑安定0．03mg／kg，维库溴铵0．1—0．15mg／kg，芬太尼3μg／kg，异丙酚1—2mg／kg诱导。A，B组采用泵注瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚间断静注维库溴铵麻醉维持，A组在手术结束时同时停用芬太尼和丙泊酚。B组在手术结束前5-10min停用丙泊酚采用单纯瑞芬太尼0．1-0．2ug／kg／min泵注（根据血压、心率调整）C组采用吸入安氟醚间断静注维库溴铵维持麻醉。结果B组病人苏醒期躁动明显少于对照组A，C组（△^P〈0．05），术后呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、答问切题时间比较A组与B组间差异无统计学意义（＊^P〉0．05），C组明显延长（△△^P〈0．05）。结论瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全凭静脉复合麻醉采用手术结束前5—10min停用丙泊酚，单纯泵注瑞芬太尼可减少苏醒期躁动。     

利多卡因复合液静脉局部麻醉在上肢手术的应用

为提高静脉局部麻醉的镇痛效果，我们在上肢部分手术应用利多卡因、芬方尼、琥珀脸硷复合液行局部静脉麻醉（IVRA）取得满意效果，现报告如下。1资料与方法O例上肢远端手术患者，男％例，女24例，年龄16－50岁，无严重并发症及IVRA禁忌症，随机分为对照组（A组n一月例）和实验组（B组n一月例）。A组单纯用0．刀％利多卡因46ml，B组用0．35％利多卡因十芬太尼0．05lug，摇由胆硷0．15ndkg共46ml。麻醉前肌注苯巴比妥钠100mp，并常规输液，在时关节上缚两套气压止血带。抬高患肢2－3分钟，先将近心端止血带充气，充气压力为对加咖内，充…     

异丙酚用于儿童VSD、ASD手术麻醉早期拔管的可行性研究

目的：探讨异丙酚用于心内直视手术后早期拔管的可行性与安全性，方法：33例单纯房间隔缺损（ASD）和室间隔缺损（VSD）心脏病变患儿，以异丙酚2．5－3mg/kg诱导，芬太尼5ug/kg，潘库溴铵0．1mg/kg完成气管插管。异丙酚4mg/(Kg.h)静脉并低浓度安氟醚吸入维持麻醉，拔管指征；意识完全清醒，血液动力学稳定，肌力恢复良好，自主呼吸平移，血气基本正常，结果：术终1h内拔管10例（30％），1－2h内拔管15例（45％），余3h内拔管。患儿苏醒期平衡无烦躁，拔管后安静无复睡。结论：异丙酚作为主要麻醉药适于心功能较好，单纯性心脏病变心内直视手术麻醉，并能早期拔管。     

喉罩全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于高血压老年病人腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床观察

目的探讨喉罩全麻复合硬膜外阻滞对高血压老年病人行电视腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的血压调控作用。方法择期行LC术合并高血压的老年患者238例，ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级，随机分为喉罩全麻复合硬膜外阻滞（GEA）组和气管内插管全麻（GA）组，每组119例。GEA组于诱导前取T9Ⅷ椎间隙行硬膜外穿刺置管，注入2％利多卡因3—4ml，确定有麻醉平面后诱导，两组全麻诱导用乙托醚酯0．2～0．3mg／kg，异丙酚1．5～2mg／kg，维库溴铵0．1～0．15mg／kg和芬太尼2ug／kg静脉诱导。术中间断静注咪唑安定、芬太尼和维库溴铵并吸入0．5％～2．5％异氟醚维持麻醉，GEA组于手术开始前10min硬膜外给予1．6％利多卡因6—8ml。监测并记录血氧饱和度（SPO2）、心电图（ECG）、心率（HR）、血压（SBP／DBP）。记录手术中两组的用药量、手术结束自主呼吸恢复时间（min）、拔管时间（min）、完全清醒时间（min）及术中知晓、术后躁动情况。结果GEA组病人苏醒快，拔管早，围手期生命体征平稳，全麻药用量和术后躁动例数明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论喉罩全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于高血压老年病人LC血压平稳，循环稳定，安全可行。     

咪唑安定和依托咪酯联合诱导在先心病手术麻醉的应用

目的 观察咪唑安定和依托咪酯联合用药行先心病手术麻醉对血流动力学的影响情况。方法 对24例择期先心病矫治手术的病人,给予依托咪酯0．3mg/kg、潘库溴胺0．1mg/kg、芬太尼10μg/kg、咪唑安定0．1mg/kg行麻醉诱导以及潘库溴胺0．05mg/kg、芬太尼20μg/kg、咪唑安定0．1mg/kg麻醉维持,观察麻醉诱导前、诱导药后3min、插管后即刻、1min,3min,5min,切皮药后1min,切皮、锯胸骨、剪心包、术毕各时段血压、心率等参数变化情况,并与基础值作对比。结果 麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP、MAP均分别降低10．2％、5．0％、4．9％,插管后各时段血压均有上升,与基础值相比无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,切皮药后SBP下降与基础值相比有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,术毕时恢复至术前水平,而DBP、MAP无变化（P＞0．05）。麻醉后各时段心率稍增快与基础值相比无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,术毕时心率增快,与基础值相比有差异（P＜0．05）。结论 对先心病手术患者,采用依托咪酯和咪唑安定的联合诱导显示了良好的协同作用,再加用一定量芬太尼、极大地减轻了插管反应,又维持了稳定的循环功能,其合适的剂量搭配和临床麻醉作用充分体现出较好的药物效应／价值比。     

普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉在胸科手术的可行性

目的：探讨普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉在胸外手术的应用。方法：择期胸科手术108例，ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级，随机分为三组。静脉诱导三组均用咪唑安定、芬太尼、维库溴铵，气插管后I组1％普鲁卡因维持，第一小时成人250－300ml，杜冷丁50mg,此后普鲁卡因100－200ml/h，手术时间越长普鲁卡因每小时用量越小，并间断静注芬太尼0．1mg;Ⅱ组静脉滴入1％普鲁卡因100－200ml/h加吸0．4－0．7MAC安氟醚；Ⅲ组吸入1．2－1．7MAC安氟醚。三组均间断追加维库溴铵维持肌松。观察血流动力学。结果：Ⅱ组整个麻醉手术中血流动力学稳定P＞0．05，苏醒拔管快于I、Ⅲ组，I组于切皮刮除肋骨时有血流动力学兴奋现象，苏醒时有呼吸遗忘，Ⅲ组术毕低血压、心律失常发生率高于I、Ⅱ组，苏醒期躁动不安（P＜0．05）。结论：胸外手术应用普鲁卡因安氟醚复合麻醉是一种安全有效的麻醉方法。     

瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术的麻醉效果观察

目的 观察瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚与芬太尼复合异丙酚用于老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的麻醉效果,并进行比较。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级、择期行LC的老年患者60例,随机分为瑞芬太尼组（观察组）和芬太尼组（对照组）,每组30例。两组均以予咪唑安定0．04mg／kg、异丙酚1．5—2mg／kg、瑞芬太尼2—4μg／kg（观察组）或芬太尼4μg／kg（对照组）,维库溴铵0．1mg／kg静脉诱导后气管插管。麻醉维持：经静脉持续微泵泵注瑞芬太尼0．03—0．2μg／kg·min（观察组）,对照组根据手术情况间断追加芬太尼0．05—0．1ms／次,两组均复合异丙酚4-8mg／kg·h维持,间断静注维库溴铵维持肌松。分别记录患者麻醉诱导前、插管前、插管后2min、气腹毕和术毕的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）值。术后记录苏醒时间、清醒程度及不良反应和随访结果。结果瑞芬太尼组在各时段平均动脉压（MAP）、HR较对照组平稳,与对照组相比,观察组警觉／镇静评分（OAAS）评分高,术后苏醒时间短,两组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉是老年患者行LC较好的麻醉方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.