舌骨下颈部内脏间隙肿瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨舌骨下颈部内脏筋膜间隙肿瘤的CT影像表现特征,材料与方法：回顾分析15例内脏间隙肿瘤的CT表现,结果：内脏间隙肿瘤的典型CT表现为其它内脏间隙结构受压向健侧移位,颈动脉间隙向外侧移位,咽后间隙向后移位。结论：分析肿瘤的影像特征,结合周围间隙受压变形移位情况,可提高判断肿瘤来源及性质的准确性。     

胸膜孤立性纤维瘤CT影像表现(附两例报告)

目的提高对胸膜孤立性纤维瘤CT影像表现的认识。方法报告2例经手术病理证实的胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的CT影像表现,并复习文献。结果2例病变CT影像均表现为右侧胸腔巨大肿块,边界清楚呈分叶状,与胸壁间间隙清楚;密度不均匀,可见斑点状钙化;增强扫描动脉期显示肿块内较多肿瘤血管,实质期肿块不均匀强化呈"地图样";邻近肺组织受压不张,纵隔移位;右侧少量胸腔积液。其中一例伴有右侧第7后肋受压骨质吸收,第7/8肋间孔扩大,肿块向椎管内扩展。结论胸膜孤立性纤维瘤具有相对特征性的CT表现。CT在定位定性诊断方面有重要价值。     

颈部肿块DSA诊断

目的：探讨颈部肿块的DSA诊断价值。方法：回顾分析24例颈部肿块患者的DSA造影表现，通过分析颈部肿块DSA表现，讨论DSA对术前确诊颈部肿块性质的价值。结果：11例血管源性肿块和7例颈动脉体瘤具有特征性的DSA表现，获得正确诊断，与病理结果一致。6例非血管源性肿块，缺乏典型表现，难以作出正确诊断。结论：DSA对颈部血管源性肿块和颈动脉体瘤的术前诊断具有重要价值。     

肾上腺少见肿瘤CT表现

目的 回顾性总结肾上腺少见肿瘤的CT表现特征,以提高诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析16例经手术和病理证实的肾上腺少见肿瘤,观察其CT表现特征.结果 16例中,肾上腺节细胞神经瘤3例,均匀较低密度,轻度强化;肾上腺血管瘤及肾上腺神经鞘瘤各2例,密度混杂,增强扫描肾上腺血管瘤不均匀明显强化,肾上腺神经鞘瘤呈轻至中度强化;肾上腺淋巴瘤4例,单侧或双侧较均匀密度软组织肿块,增强扫描具有延迟强化特点,肿瘤较大者周围血管可被包埋;肾上腺皮质癌5例,单侧密度不均匀软组织肿块,增强扫描见肿瘤血管影及邻近脏器受侵犯、下腔静脉癌栓、腹膜后淋巴结转移等恶性征象.结论 肾上腺少见肿瘤各具有一定的CT表现特点及诊断价值.     

涎腺区肿块的CT诊断

目的 探讨涎腺肿瘤的CT表现，了解其影像特点。方法 分析经手术及病理证实的涎腺肿瘤16例．包括涎腺良性肿瘤6例，恶性肿瘤5例，涎腺外肿块4例(神经鞘瘤2例，淋巴结转移2例)，另有慢性腮腺炎1例。结果 6例涎腺良性肿瘤中5例呈圆形或椭圆形，1例呈多结节分叶，增强后均匀强化。6例肿物较边缘清楚．密度较均匀。5例涎腺恶性肿瘤轮廓不规则，边界不清楚并伴有不同程度的周围结构受侵，密度不均匀，增强后明显强化。结论 涎腺区肿块的部位、边界、包膜、密度及茎突移位情况是鉴别肿瘤良恶性的主要依据，认为CT对肿瘤与其他疾病的鉴别及涎腺内外肿瘤的鉴别具有重要临床价值。     

腮腺少见病变的CT及MR诊断

目的：探讨腮腺少见疾病CT及MR表现,提高对其认识水平。方法：回顾性分析经临床及病理证实的30例腮腺少见疾病的CT和MR资料,包括腮腺肌上皮瘤2例、基底细胞腺瘤1例,良性淋巴上皮病2例;脂肪瘤2例;双侧对称性脂肪瘤病1例;腮裂囊肿2例、潴留囊肿1例;腮腺结核2例;海绵状血管瘤3例;血管内皮瘤1例;纤维组织细胞瘤1例;嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿1例;转移瘤5例;淋巴瘤6例。结果：腮腺少见病变CT和MR表现为腮腺区肿块影或腮腺区肿大,肿块位于腮腺内或腮腺旁,单发或多发,单侧或双侧,囊性、囊实性或弥漫性。腮腺脂肪瘤与腮腺良性对称性脂肪瘤病可见脂肪成分;腮裂囊肿与潴留囊肿呈囊性无强化肿块;婴儿血管内皮瘤呈多灶性,病灶强化与血管强化一致;弥漫性血管瘤沿腮腺颌面间隙蔓延,可见血管流空;良性淋巴上皮病呈弥漫性肿大伴多发囊性和实性肿块,或表现为单发肿块;腮腺结核肿块呈花环状强化;嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿表现为腮腺弥漫性肿大并肿块,累及皮肤及皮下组织,伴颈部淋巴结肿大;淋巴瘤CT表现为密度均匀,边缘清楚肿块,肿块大而无坏死或仅有少量坏死,多伴颈部淋巴结肿大;转移瘤可见原发肿瘤表现。结论：部分腮腺少见病变具有一定的影像学特点,根据CT和MR表现,可提示诊断。     

40例脑干肿瘤CT分析

本文分析了40例脑干肿瘤的CT表现。其中,中脑5例、桥脑4例、延脑2例、中脑+丘脑1例、中脑+桥脑14例、桥脑+延脑14例,多见于桥脑。CT表现有脑干普遍或局部肿大;四室受压与移位;脑池受压;肿块呈低或等密度,边缘不清;但多数可不均匀增强等。文中对鉴别诊断和检查方法作了讨论。     

颈外侧部肿块的CT诊断和鉴别诊断

目的分析颈外侧部肿块的CT表现特征、影像相关的病理解剖学基础,进一步提高对颈外侧部各类肿块的认识。方法回顾分析52例经病理学证实的颈外侧部肿块CT增强表现,包括病灶的大小、形态、密度、边缘、强化特征、肿块所在的解剖部位及其邻近血管和间隙的关系等。结果52例颈外侧部肿块中位于茎突前间隙8例,腮腺区8例,嚼肌间隙2例,颈动脉间隙34例。多数颈外侧部肿块的病理改变和解剖关系能在CT上反映,依据肿块引起附近间隙、肌肉、血管等移位方向,可推断肿块的来源,不同来源的肿块与颈动静脉的位置关系有解剖上的相关性。结论CT是颈外侧部肿块定位诊断的有效手段,根据病变所在的解剖平面、强化特点及其与颈部血管间的相互关系有利于定性诊断和鉴别诊断。     

颈动脉体瘤的64-MSCTA诊断及影像征象

目的：探讨64－MSCTA对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值及其影像特征。方法：回顾性分析14例经临床和（或）病理证实的颈动脉体瘤多层螺旋CT增强扫描和CTA影像资料,评价64-MSCTA对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值。结果：所有病例均显示为颈动脉分叉处的边界清晰、形态不规则的实性软组织肿物,14例均未见钙化;增强扫描动脉期肿块呈显著不均匀强化,瘤体内见丰富供血血管;静脉期肿瘤持续强化,强化程度低于动脉期,瘤体内密度趋向均匀;三维重建示肿瘤附着于颈动脉分叉部,多数病例见分叉角增大。结论：64-MSCTA多种重建技术可明确显示病灶大小、范围、境界、强化特征以及与邻近结构的关系,可提供更多鉴别诊断信息,可作为颈动脉体瘤的首选诊断方法。     

多发性内分泌腺瘤ⅡA型的CT表现

目的 探讨多发性内分泌腺瘤ⅡA型(MEN-ⅡA)的CT表现，提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法 回顾性分析经临床手术病理证实的6例病人CT资料，6例均行CT平扫及增强扫描。结果 甲状腺髓样癌：颈部CT平扫表现为甲状腺一叶或双叶密度均匀或不均匀、边界不清的肿块，增强后不均匀强化，淋巴结边缘明显强化，中央呈低密度；嗜铬细胞瘤：双侧肾上腺CT平扫表现为单侧或双侧肾上腺有完整包膜的密度均匀或不均匀的肿块，增强后呈不均匀强化。结论 CT对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值，对评价肿瘤与周围结构的关系和制定手术方案十分重要。     

双源CT在颈部动脉造影中的应用

目的探讨双源CT血管成像在颈部动脉血管病变的应用价值及技术优势。方法 136例临床怀疑有颈部血管病变的患者行双源CT颈部增强扫描,血管成像,对图像质量进行分级评价。结果 136例可疑患者双源CT血管成像图像优秀122例(89.7%)、良好12例(8.8%)、差2例(1.5%)。结论双源CT行颈部动脉造影是一种创伤小、快速、有效的动脉病变的检查技术,在诊断颈部动脉狭窄及性质上有较高的应用价值。     

Tortuosity of the right common carotid artery simulating aneurysm

Among the problems that confront the vascular surgeon, a pulsatile, right-sided neck mass requires a careful and logical evaluation. It has long been known that tortuosity of the right common carotid artery, frequently associated with advanced hypertension, can physically mimic a right carotid aneurysm. The question, then, is whether carotid angiography, with a higher attendant risk of morbidity and mortality, is preferable to less invasive diagnostic modalities such as computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasonography for initial evaluation. In our study, 31 consecutive patients with a pulsatile right neck mass, indistinguishable on physical examination from a carotid aneurysm, were evaluated using CT scan of the neck and either radionuclide scan or angiography. In all of the patients, the masses were confirmed to be tortuous right common carotid arteries and not aneurysms. Because a kinked carotid artery simulating an aneurysm occurs so frequently, noninvasive diagnostic techniques, such as CT and ultrasonography, should precede angiography. We also discuss demographic characteristics commonly associated with tortuosity of the right common carotid artery.     

颈动脉体瘤的比较影像学诊断

目的描述颈动脉体瘤不同影像表现,探讨不同影像检查方法优缺点。方法回顾分析30个颈动脉体瘤的不同影像特点。结果30个颈动脉体瘤均位于颈动脉分叉处,26例单侧性（14左/12右）,2例为双侧,平均直径5 cm,CT/ MRI平扫以等密度或中等信号为主,增强扫描呈明显迅速强化,超声及DSA也显示其呈富血供表现。结论超声、CT、MRI及DSA影像检查可对颈动脉体瘤提供早期诊断提供补充信息。     

头颈部CT血管造影对急性缺血性脑卒中早期的诊断价值

目的:分析应用头颈部非创伤性血管成像技术(简称CT血管造影)(CT angiography,CTA)实施颈动脉狭窄诊断对于急性缺血性脑卒早期诊断的应用价值.方法:选取2020年5月—2021年5月宁津县人民医院收治的50例疑似颈动脉狭窄急性缺血性脑卒中患者,对入组患者均实施头颈部CTA扫描及颈部血管彩超,对比数字减影血...     

改良64层CT颅颈联合动脉成像技术的临床价值

目的探讨改良64层CT颅颈联合动脉成像技术对改善颅颈部动脉血管显示能力的临床价值。方法选择临床拟诊缺血性脑血管病患者60例行颅颈CT血管成像（CTA）检查,随机分为两组,A组（常规组）：pitch0.8,转速0.75s/r,80ml对比剂;B组（优化组）：pitch1.1,转速0.5s/r,35ml对比剂＋35ml生理盐水。由两名主治以上资历的影像医师采用双盲评分法及客观测量在工作站对所形成的图像质量进行评价。结果 （1）两名诊断医师关于评价注射侧头臂静脉对比剂伪影、颈部动脉与大脑中动脉M2段成像质量以及颅内静脉显影情况,均具有较好一致性（Kappa值分别为0.824、0.887、0.831、0.785）。（2）注射侧头臂静脉对比剂伪影评分,A、B两组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;（3）B组颈总动脉起始部、椎动脉起始部及大脑中动脉M2的成像质量明显优于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（4）客观测量B组颈动脉分叉部、椎动脉及大脑中动脉M2的CT值略低于A组,但CT值均大于200HU,且图像质量满足诊断需要。结论改良64层CT颅颈联合动脉成像技术能显著改善动脉血管图像质量,对提高颈总动脉起始段、椎动脉起始段及颅内动脉病变的显示能力具有重要价值。     

Nonsquamous cell neoplasms of the adult head and neck

The purpose of the article is to describe the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the most frequently encountered nonsquamous neoplasms of the adult head and neck. The lesions are divided into those arising from the parapharyngeal or carotid spaces, salivary gland neoplasms, neoplasms of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, mesenchymal neoplasms, and lymphoreticular neoplasms. When appropriate, correlative features of other imaging modalities are included in the discussion. Although magnetic resonance imaging can provide critical information in the evaluation of patients with these neck masses, the imaging features of many of the lesions may be nonspecific and complementary data must be obtained from other modalities or biopsy may be necessary.     

Glomus caroticum chemodectoma. Review on current diagnosis and therapy

Carotid body tumors are rare neoplasms arising from the small chemoreceptor organ in the adventitia of the common carotid bifurcation. Patients with carotid body tumours usually present with a gradually enlarging non-tender anterolateral neck mass. Differential diagnosis includes metastatic lymph nodes, carotid artery aneurysm, salivary gland tumour, branchial cleft cyst, and neurogenic or thyroid tumours. When such a lesion is suspected, a non-invasive Doppler colour flow ultrasonography enables the clinician to arrive at a definite diagnosis. Subsequent arteriography is mandatory, because the finding of an intensely blushing hypervascular mass spreading into the carotid bifurcation further supports the diagnosis and provides accurate preoperative information concerning arterial blood supply. Computed tomography scanning is appropriate to delineate the relation of the tumour to adherent structures, while magnetic resonance tomography demonstrates the relation of the tumour to the adjacent internal jugular vein and the carotid artery. Selective embolization should be performed for safe surgical removal with less bleeding. Early surgery is the treatment of choice and is recommended in order to minimize major risks. Subadventitial resection is the most established technique. Radical resection prevents local recurrence and has the best long-term results. Removal of the internal or common carotid arteries can become mandatory in selected cases of extensive disease. Surgical treatment by an experienced team is associated with considerably low mortality and morbidity.     

颈动脉体瘤的综合影像诊断

目的：探讨劲动脉体瘤的超声、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ、血管造影影像学表现及诊断价值。材料与方法,９例颈本瘤中５例经手术病理证实,４例经血管造影证实,其中２例为双侧。回顾性分析颈动脉体瘤的各种影像学表现,评价其临床价值。结果：各种检查均可显示肿瘤部位及其形态,颈动脉体瘤的Ｂ超超声特点为中等低实质回声,大于３．０ｃｍ的肿瘤可见管道结构,但肿瘤上级观察欠清,２例行彩色多普勒超声显示瘤内网状血管,ＣＴ增强显示为富血管     

CT和MRI诊断颈动脉及其周围间隙孤立性病变

目的 探讨CT和MRI对颈动脉及其周围间隙孤立性病变的定位、定性诊断价值。 方法 收集65例经病理证实的颈动脉及其周围间隙孤立性病变患者,对38例行CT检查,其中29例行3D VR血管重建;对27例行MR检查,其中16例行三维对比增强MRA(3D CE-MRA)检查。分析病变的大小、形态、边界、密度、信号、内部结构、强化特征及其与颈动静脉的关系。 结果 神经鞘瘤、神经纤维瘤、颈动脉体瘤、颈内动脉瘤、淋巴结转移瘤、巨淋巴结增生症、腮裂囊肿及腮裂囊肿合并感染的CT或MRI表现具有一定特征性;血管瘤、淋巴瘤、淋巴结结核、结节病及支气管囊肿罕见,影像学表现缺乏特征性。神经鞘瘤和神经纤维瘤使颈动静脉向外或前外侧移位。淋巴结病变使颈动静脉向内或前内侧移位。颈动脉体瘤和颈内动脉瘤使颈动脉分叉角度增大,但颈内动脉瘤使受累血管呈瘤样增粗,CTA或MRA可直接定性诊断。 结论 CT和MRI分别结合3D VR血管成像和3D CE-MRA是定位诊断颈动脉及其周围间隙孤立性病变的有效手段,根据平扫和增强特征及其与颈动静脉的关系,可对大部分孤立性病变做出定性及鉴别诊断。     

Malignant meningioma with jugular vein invasion and carotid artery extension: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDGrade II and III meningiomas [World Health Organization (WHO) classification] rarely have extracranial metastases via the blood circulation; however, we experienced a case with a metaplastic atypical meningioma and local de-differentiation that metastasized to the jugular vein, carotid artery and subclavian artery at the cervicothoracic junction. Such cases have seldom been reported before.CASE SUMMARYThe patient was a 30-year-old man who developed right neck masses with dysphagia, labored breathing, dizziness, and occasional earaches. Eight months earlier the patient was diagnosed with a right parietal lobe neoplasm and hemorrhage at a local hospital due to the sudden onset of headaches and left limb weakness, and the post-operative pathology was a metaplastic atypical meningioma (WHO grade II) with local de-differentiation (WHO III). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a calcified mass at the root of the neck on the right and a large cystic mass in the right parapharyngeal space. Head and neck angiography showed that the right common carotid artery was compressed and completely occluded, and the jugular vein was enveloped by the tumor and occluded. A balloon occlusion test showed no perfusion in the right common carotid artery. Tumor resection, carotid artery ligation, and subclavian artery reconstruction were performed. The tumor was a malignant meningioma. Post-operatively, the patient had Horner''s syndrome and hoarseness.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights the importance of the link between a large cervical mass and a primary intracranial tumor. Malignant meningioma should not be considered merely as an intracranial metastasis spread through cerebrospinal fluid, it can also be transferred through the circulation to the parapharyngeal space and the cervical great vessels.