股骨远端前后轴线的影像学研究及其临床意义

目的探讨股骨远端前后轴线在全膝关节置换术(TKA)中的临床应用价值。方法对86例106个无疾病的膝关节应用CT对股骨远端垂直于膝关节的机械轴进行薄层扫描,将获取的横断面图像输入电脑,用AutoCAD软件标识并测量、记录前后轴线与外科髁上轴的外侧夹角(ATA),前后轴线与后髁轴线的外侧夹角(APA),前后轴线的垂线与后髁轴线的夹角(A-PA),外科髁上轴与后髁轴线的夹角(PCA)。按性别和侧别分组,分析两组间各角度、比较ATA、APA与常数90°间以及A-PA与PCA、常数3°间有无统计学差异。结果 ATA为89.79°±1.22°,男性89.89°±1.10°,女性89.70°±1.34°,左侧89.63°±1.11°,右侧89.96°±1.32°。APA为84.84°±1.83°,男性84.96°±1.66°,女性84.72°±1.99°,左侧84.50°±2.03°,右侧85.19°±1.54°。A-PA为5.16°±1.83°,男性5.04°±1.66°,女性5.28°±1.99°,左侧5.50°±2.03°,右侧4.81°±1.54°。PCA为4.80°±1.23°,男性4.94°±1.24°,女性4.67°±1.21°,左侧4.87°±1.24°,右侧4.73°±1.22°。4角度性别间及侧别间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。常数90°与ATA比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与APA比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A-PA与PCA比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但二者与常数3°比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论股骨远端的前后轴线可以作为股骨假体旋转对线的可靠标志。TKA中,股骨后髁的截骨在参照APL旋转定位时,应依据PCL外旋5°的方法才能获得满意的股骨假体旋转对线。     

确定股骨远端旋转力线在膝关节置换中的意义

目的应用MRI测量探讨股骨远端各旋转轴线的关系,为人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)股骨远端旋转力线提供参考。方法选取苏浙地区健康汉族成人106例,膝关节共197个。对所选膝关节行MRI平扫,在MRI横断面图像上进行定位参照轴线,包括外科经股骨上髁轴线(STEA)、临床经股骨上髁轴线(CTEA)、前后轴线(APL)及股骨后髁轴线(PCL)。对轴线参数股骨后髁角(PCA)、髁扭转角(CTA)及前后轴线的垂线与后髁轴线的夹角(PAPA)进行测量。比较各角度不同性别、不同侧别均数的差异是否具有统计学意义。结果PCA平均为3.56°±0.26°,CTA平均为6.35°±0.72°,PAPA平均为4.08°±0.22°。不同性别、侧别的PCA均数差异无统计学意义(P0.05),不同性别、侧别的CTA、PAPA均数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用MRI测量确定股骨远端轴线参数是一种可靠的方法,不同性别、侧别PCA相对恒定,STEA可作为TKA中股骨远端假体旋转参照力线。     

基于磁共振对股骨远端旋转参照轴线的确定及其临床意义

目的探讨应用MRI辅助定位并确定股骨远端旋转参照轴线,为人工全膝关节置换术股骨假体旋转力线提供参考依据。方法选取膝关节无疾病,无畸形的健康成人86例（122膝）,男46例（65膝）,女40例（57膝）;年龄18～71岁,平均39．5岁,在磁共振横断面图像上定位外科经股骨上髁轴（STEA）、临床经股骨上髁轴（CTEA）、前后轴线（APL）及股骨后髁轴（PCL）。由2名测量者分别测量轴线参数,包括股骨后髁角（PCA）、髁扭转角（CTA）后轴线的垂线及后髁轴线的夹角（PAPA）各3次。比较不同测量者测量3种角度均数的差异是否具有统计学意义。结果PCA平均为（3．57。±0．11°）;CTA平均为（6．34°±0．70°）;PAPA平均为（4．06°±0．41v）。CTA均数在不同测量者之间差异有统计学意义（t=-10．874,P〈0．01）;PAPA均数在不同测量者之间差异有统计学意义（t=-7．773,P〈0．01）;PCA均数在不同测量者之间差异无统计学意义（t=1．371,P〉0．05）。临床经股骨上髁轴、前后轴线相对于外科经股骨上髁轴的变异性较大。结论基于MRI定位股骨远端参照轴线测量CTA、PCA、PAPA是一种比较可靠的方法,这三种参考角度PCA相对恒定可靠,外科经股骨上髁轴可作为全膝置换股骨假体旋转对位参照轴线。     

正常及骨性关节炎膝关节股骨远端旋转对线MRI比较研究

目的对正常及内翻畸形骨性关节炎膝关节行MRI测量,探讨股骨远端旋转对线的变化以指导临床。方法 MRI扫描60侧正常膝关节(A组)、40侧轻度(B组)及20侧重度(C组)内翻畸形骨性关节炎膝关节,MRI上定位STEA、CTEA、PCL、WL、AFA为骨性标志物,测量并比较3组CSA、PCA、CTA、WSA、WCA、AFSA、AFCA。结果 3组间CSA、WSA、WCA、AFSA、AFCA比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组与B组、B组与C组的PCA、CTA比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但A组与C组的PCA、CTA比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重度内翻畸形骨性关节炎影响股骨PCA及CTA,两者在C组有所减小;WSA、WCA不受骨性关节炎的影响,但角度变异较大,不能只用WL决定股骨假体的旋转;AFSA、AFCA不受骨性关节炎的影响,两者变异小(标准差为2.18°及2.38°),参照该轴放置股骨假体较可靠。     

股骨远端旋转对线的初步研究

目的探讨正常人股骨远端旋转对线标志的相互关系及其临床意义。方法对62名志愿者115个正常膝关节进行MR矢状位扫描,股骨远端三维重建后测量轴线参数,包括股骨后髁角、髁扭转角、前后轴线的垂线与后髁轴线夹角、前后轴线的垂线与外科上髁轴线夹角、临床上髁轴线与外科上髁轴线夹角。依性别和侧别分组,分析两组间的差异有无统计学意义。结果股骨后髁角范围0.62°～6.75°,平均3.44°±1.08°;髁扭转角范围2.93°～8.92°,平均6.03°±0.86°;前后轴线的垂线与后髁轴线夹角范围1.92°～7.05°,平均4.31°±0.64°;前后轴线的垂线与外科上髁轴线夹角范围-1.72°～3.84°,平均0.87°±0.78°;临床上髁轴线与外科上髁轴线夹角范围0.22°～4.51°,平均2.58°±0.57°。上述测量参数均不存在侧别差异。股骨后髁角、髁扭转角及前后轴线的垂线与外科上髁轴线夹角存在性别差异,其中股骨后髁角与髁扭转角男性大于女性,而前后轴线的垂线与外科上髁轴线夹角则为女性大于男性。结论通过MR图像进行三维重建是一种值得信赖的研究股骨远端旋转对线的相互关系的方法。正常人股骨远端旋转对线的解剖参数存在种族差异。在正常膝关节中,外科上髁轴线、前后轴线、临床上髁轴线和后髁轴线存在一定的关系,在行全膝关节置换术时,应     

基于MRI技术全膝关节置换术中个体化导航模板的基础研究

目的探讨基于MRI技术的全膝关节置换(TKA)术中个体化导航模板定位截骨的准确性与可行性。方法选取保存完好的成年尸体下肢标本16具,将尸体标本随机分为导航模板组(模板组)和传统手术组(传统组),每组8具16个膝关节。模板组术前行双下肢髋-膝-踝MRI扫描,通过三维重建软件、计算机辅助设计及逆向工程软件对数据进行处理,设计制作出与股骨远端和胫骨近端匹配的个体化截骨导航模板实物,用于TKA手术的截骨定位。传统组按常规人工TKA手术程序进行操作。术后两组均摄整个下肢全长正侧位X线片,测量比较两组假体组件的角度;两组取出膝关节假体后行全下肢CT扫描,比较冠状位下两种方法定位截骨后股骨远端截骨面与股骨机械轴线、胫骨近端截骨面与胫骨机械轴线的垂直关系及轴位下股骨后髁截骨面与外科髁上轴的平行关系。对测得参数进行比较采用两样本t检验,检验水准α值取0.05。结果本组研究共设计制作了32个个体化导航模板,辅助TKA16例。术中所有的导航模板和股骨髁与胫骨平台贴附性较好,无明显偏差。(1)术后测量假体位置:正位X线片测量:模板组FFC平均偏差角度为(1.2±0.2)°,传统组FFC平均偏差角度为(2.4±0.3)°;模板组FTC平均偏差角度为(1.4±0.3)°,传统组FTC平均偏差角度为(2.3±0.4)°。侧位X线片测量:模板组LFC平均偏差角度为(6.8±0.2)°,传统组LFC平均偏差角度为(9.2±0.4)°;模板组LTC平均偏差角度为(2.4±0.1)°,传统组LTC平均偏差角度为(4.8±0.6)°。模板组FFC、FTC、LFC、LTC平均偏差角度均小于传统组,差异均有统计学意义(P均小于0.05)。(2)术后CT测量截骨面与其机械轴线垂直关系:模板组:16例膝关节的股骨远端截骨面与股骨机械轴线成角88.9°~91.1°,平均90.1°,胫骨近端截骨面与胫骨机械轴线成角89.6°~90.7°,平均90.3°。14例股骨后髁截骨面与股骨外科髁上轴平行,其余2例有2°以内成角;传统组:16例膝关节均出现截骨面与其机械轴线成角,成角偏差大于3°的有8例(股骨远端截骨面与股骨机械轴线成角偏差大于3°的有5例,其中大于4°的有1例;胫骨近端截骨面与胫骨机械轴成角偏差大于3°的有3例,其中有2例大于4°,12例股骨后髁截骨面与外科髁上轴成角,其中10例成角偏差大于3°。结论在人工TKA中个体化导航模板的使用明显的提高了股骨及胫骨的截骨精度,并且能够精确定位股骨远端假体旋转轴线,假体位置准确。     

膝关节骨性关节炎患者股骨旋转力线的研究

[目的]探讨膝关节骨性关节炎患者确定股骨远端旋转力线的解剖标志。[方法]回顾性分析72例膝关节骨性关节炎患者的CT资料,其中膝外翻37例,膝内翻35例。将CT资料导入MIMICS10.0软件进行三维重建。测量并比较股骨外科通髁轴与股骨后髁连线、股骨前后轴线、股骨临床通髁轴的关系。[结果]股骨外科通髁轴与股骨后髁连线的夹角在膝内翻和膝外翻的患者中分别是(3.03±0.63)°和(4.67±1.54)°,其差异具有统计学意义P<0.001。股骨外科通髁轴与股骨前后轴线、股骨临床通髁轴的夹角在膝内翻和膝外翻的患者中分别是(84.93±2.06)°和(85.30±2.51)°、(3.82±0.63)°和(3.95±0.59)°,差异没有统计学意义P>0.05。[结论]膝关节骨性关节炎膝内翻患者股骨远端旋转力线的确定可以依赖于股骨后髁连线,但该方法对膝外翻患者而言可信度较差。股骨前后轴线以及股骨临床通髁轴作为解剖定位不受膝内翻与膝外翻畸形的影响,但需要注意股骨前后轴线的变异和股骨临床通髁轴术中定位的困难。     

股骨远端旋转对线参考轴线与胫骨机械轴关系的研究

目的 研究股骨远端旋转对线参考轴线与胫骨机械轴的关系,确定最为可靠参考轴线,并探讨其优越性.方法 对30例下肢尸体标本分别在膝关节伸直位、屈膝90°进行数码照相,照片经计算机处理后,分别测量股骨机械轴、临床髁上轴的垂线、外髁髁上轴的垂线、Whiteside线与胫骨机械轴的夹角,并将其相比较进行统计学分析.结果 临床髁上轴的垂线、外髁髁上轴的垂线、Whiteside线、股骨机械轴相对于胫骨机械轴分别为内翻0.6°、内翻3.9°、外翻0.2°、内翻3.0°.临床髁上轴、外髁髁上轴、Whiteside线在伸膝时与屈膝时比较分别为外翻2.3°、内翻0.9°、外翻3.1°.股骨机械轴与胫骨机械轴的夹角大于临床髁上轴垂线、Whiteside线与胫骨机械轴的夹角,其差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).结论 外髁髁上轴是较临床髁上轴、Whiteside线更为可靠的股骨假体旋转对线参考标志,术中参考外髁髁上轴行股骨后髁切骨时可获得相对良好的胫股关节、髌股关节运动轨迹.     

改良三维数字技术测量股骨远端旋转力线的临床研究

目的验证改良三维数字技术测量股骨远端旋转力线方法的可靠性,并与CT方法进行对比。方法选取重庆市健康志愿者22名,男女各11名,年龄22~50岁,平均(32.55±18.33)岁。所有志愿者行双侧股骨CT扫描,获取整个股骨图像数据。首先获得股骨机械轴,分别用垂直于股骨机械轴的断层测量法(CT)和改良三维测量法(3D技术)测量股骨后髁角、外科上髁轴线与临床上髁轴线的夹角、髁扭转角;比较两种方法所测量的结果差异。结果断层测量法测得股骨后髁角值为(3.24±1.18)°,改良三维测量法为(3.26±1.23)°(P0.05);断层测量法测髁扭转角值为(7.11±1.06)°,改良三维测量法为(7.15±1.13)°(P0.05);断层测量法测外科上髁轴线与临床上髁轴线的夹角值为(3.85±0.43)°,改良三维测量法为(3.92±0.41)°(P0.05)。左右侧比较,两种方法测量各个角度结果相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。男女比较,两种方法测量各个角度结果相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良三维测量法能得到精确的股骨远端旋转角度参数,可得到与CT测量法相似的结果,两种方法测量数据无明显差异。     

两种股骨截骨角度对膝关节置换术中股骨假体冠状位对线的影响

[目的]研究两种股骨远端外翻截骨角测定方法在膝关节置换术中对股骨假体对线的影响。[方法]对本院2015年3月~2015年6月由两名主刀医师完成的连续111例共137膝全膝关节置换术进行回顾性研究。两名主刀医师术前计划时在下肢全长X线片上测量股骨远端外翻截骨角度的方法不同,并以此分为两组。第一组利用股骨远端1/3解剖轴与股骨力线轴夹角(DFMA)作为股骨远端外翻截骨角,共71膝;第二组利用股骨解剖轴与股骨力线轴夹角(FMA)进行外翻截骨,共66膝。术后测量标准下肢全长X线片中股骨力线轴与股骨假体远端内外侧髁连线之夹角并比较两组结果的差异。[结果]两组患者的年龄、BMI、术前内翻角度、术前HSS评分、术后HSS评分差异均无统计学意义(P=0.149~0.985)。DFMA组术中所使用的股骨外翻截骨角度实际为6.08°±1.57°,FMA组为4.82°±0.74°,两组截骨角度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DFMA组76.1%的术后股骨假体在0°±2°范围内,显著优于FMA组的51.50%,(P=0.005),并且DFMA组74.60%的术后下肢力线在0°±3°范围内,显著优于FMA组的53.00%,(P=0.008)。DFMA组术后下肢力线角度与FMA组差异无统计学意义(1.60°±2.46°vs 1.98°±3.35°,P=0.458)。[结论]内翻膝使用股骨远端1/3解剖轴与力线轴夹角作为个性化股骨外翻截骨角度,术后股骨假体冠状面位置优于使用股骨解剖轴与力线轴夹角。应用股骨解剖轴线确定股骨外翻截骨角度往往偏小,导致残留膝关节内翻畸形。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92