LASIK术后视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的: 探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术( LASIK) 后视网膜脱离的临床特点及其手术治疗效果。方法: 回顾性分析我院行 LASIK手术的 18 342 眼 (9598 例)中发生视网膜脱离的患者的临床资料。所有近视患者在 LASIK手术前均无角膜病等疾患, 术前进行详细的眼底检查。术后平均随诊 20mo, 对 LASIK术后发生的视网膜脱离的临床特点及治疗进行考察。结果: 一共有 6 例患者( 6 眼) 发生了视网膜脱离, 包括 2男 4 女, LASIK术后的视网膜脱离发生率为 0.33‰。这些患者在 LASIK手术前的平均近视度数为 - 9.33D, 6 眼都没有进行手术前预防性光凝治疗。脱离发生与 LASIK手术的平均间隔时间为 9.2mo, 所有视网膜脱离发生没有其他诱因。治疗采用玻璃体切割术联合其他视网膜复位手术方法, 复位手术后平均随诊 9.3mo, 6 例视网膜脱离均一次复位成功(100%)。结论: LASIK术后的视网膜脱离发生率不高。近视眼中视网膜脱离的发生与其行 LASIK手术间没有确定的相关关系, 但医生仍应警惕 LASIK术前可能引起脱离的视网膜病变并予以处理。     

晶状体玻璃体视网膜联合手术治疗高度近视复杂性视网膜脱离疗效分析

目的探讨对伴有高度近视的复杂性视网膜脱离患者应用晶状体玻璃体视网膜联合手术治疗的可行性和安全性及优点。方法回顾41例(42只眼)此类联合手术病例,术后随访半年以上。结果视网膜一次完全复位35只眼,2只眼大部分复位,2只眼行2次手术后视网膜复位,均恢复了部分视力,3只眼放弃再手术,未愈。术后屈光度均为轻度近视或低度远视(非硅油填充眼)。结论联合手术安全可行,可同时治疗视网膜脱离、白内障并纠正屈光不正。     

LASIK术后视网膜脱离

目的 :探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术 (LaserinsituKeratomileusis ,LASIK )后视网膜脱离的临床特点及治疗方法。方法 :对我院 1996年 7月至 1998年 10月的 2 836例 (5 60 9只眼 )LASIK手术后发生视网膜脱离的 6例 (6只眼 ) (A组 )和1998年 11月至 2 0 0 0年 12月行LASIK手术 2 160例 (4165只眼 )无视网膜脱离发生 (B组 )进行回顾性分析。结果 :A组 6只眼LASIK术前平均屈光度为 -8 375± 2 761D (-5 2 5～ -12 2 5D)视网膜脱离发生在LASIK术后平均 12±6 2 3个月 (3～ 2 0个月 ) ;5只眼进行巩膜环扎加外加压术 ,1只眼进行了玻璃体切除、 18%C2 F6 气体填充联合巩膜环扎术 ,6眼均一次手术成功 ,视网膜复位。LASIK术后、视网膜脱离前平均最佳矫正视力为 0 97± 0 2 3(0 6～ 1 2 ) ,脱离经治疗后平均最佳矫正视力为 0 5 8± 0 31(0 1～ 1 0 ) ,LASIK术后视网膜脱离前平均屈光度为 -0 875± 0 48D (-0 2 5～ -1 5 0D) ,治疗后为 -3 0 4± 0 62D (-2 0 0～ -3 75D)。结论 :LASIK术后视网膜脱离与近视眼本身易发生视网膜脱离有关 ,与LASIK手术无直接关系 ,常规巩膜环扎术及玻璃体切割术能有效治疗LASIK术后视网膜脱离但能增加近视度数 ,所以行LASIK手术前应使用间接眼底镜及三面镜详细检查眼底     

硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的分析与处理

目的探讨硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的特点及处理方式。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象55例(55眼)硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离患者。方法分析硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离患眼的临床表现,并分别采取硅油取出联合玻璃体视网膜手术、硅油下视网膜复位手术及单纯巩膜扣带术复位治疗,术后随访3个月。主要指标视网膜再脱离临床表现、视网膜复位情况及视力。结果硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离的特点为下方脱离为主,范围常小于2个象限,多伴有再增生及裂孔。50眼再次行手术治疗,39眼行硅油取出联合玻璃体视网膜手术,9眼行硅油下视网膜复位手术,2眼行单纯巩膜扣带术。随访期间,完全复位41眼(78％),部分复位7眼,未复位2眼。结论硅油填充术后视网膜再脱离较为复杂,需根据视网膜再脱离的特点,针对性地选择手术方法。     

伴眼球震颤的近视准分子激光屈光手术的观察

目的　探讨对伴有先天性眼球震颤的近视施行准分子激光角膜屈光手术的方法及疗效。方法　对16例(3 2眼)以水平震颤为主的先天性运动性眼球震颤的近视(矫正视力>0 .5 )施行准分子激光PRK13例(2 6眼) ,LASIK 3例(6眼) ,术中采用2 %利多卡因球周麻醉。术后随访时间6月。结果　视力:PRK 2 4眼、LASIK 5眼共2 9眼术后裸眼视力达到术前最佳矫正视力。屈光度:PRK 2 6眼术前平均为(-4 .86±0 .5 5 )D ,术后6月平均为( 0 . 5 2±0 . 46)D ;LASIK 6眼术前平均为(-6 . 72±0 . 76)D ,术后6月平均为(-0 .75±0 .87)D。结论　对矫正视力较好的伴有先天性眼球震颤的近视施行准分子角膜屈光手术和普通的近视一样可获得良好的临床效果。     

伴有并发性白内障陈旧性视网膜脱离的手术治疗效果

目的探讨伴有并发性白内障的陈旧性视网膜脱离的手术治疗效果。方法对在我院进行治疗的13例伴有并发性白内障陈旧性视网膜脱离患者进行手术治疗,观察手术前后患者的视力变化,视网膜状态及手术并发症。结果至最后1次随访时,13只眼中有2只眼手术前后视力无变化,其它患眼均有不同程度的视力提高,7只眼视力达到0.02及以上。所有患者在第1次手术结束后视网膜均复位,随访过程中2只眼视网膜脱离复发,再次行手术治疗后视网膜复位。无眼内炎等严重并发症发生。结论对于伴有并发性白内障的陈旧性视网膜脱离患者行手术治疗可以保留患者眼球,其中部分患者视力可以得到较大提高,具有很好的手术价值。     

激光光凝辅助角膜原位磨镶术前眼底

目的：探讨近视LASIK术前眼底病变及治疗方法。方法：对385例（721只眼）LASIK术前患者行散瞳眼底三面镜检查并作详细眼底记录,结果：发现各种视网膜变性136只眼（18.86%),视网膜干性裂孔16只眼（2.22%),亚临床视网膜脱离（RD）5只眼（0.69%)。其中37只眼严重视网膜变性、16只眼干孔和4只眼亚临床RD行氩激光光凝治疗,仅1例亚临床RD需行视网膜脱离手术,结论：近视LASIK术前及术后眼底常规检查和病变治疗是必要的,同时本文提出眼底病变光凝的指征。     

PRK与LASIK矫正近视性散光准确性及预测性的比较

目的：评价对比准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）与准分子激光原位角膜磨削术（LASIK）矫治近视性散光的疗效及预测性，进一步分析两种手术在治疗中存在的问题。方法：采用LASIK及PRK，对40例近视散光患者进行了分组治疗。结果：近视球镜矫正的准确性，LASIK组高于PRK组；近视散光度数的矫正及散光轴位矫正的准确性两组无明显改变；术后6个月裸眼视力达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力眼，LASIK组大于PRK组；解膜表面规则性指数（SRI）及角膜表现非规则性指数（SAI）在手术前后的变化，LASIK及PRK组无明显差异。结论：LASIK治疗近视性散光的疗效优于PRK。     

近视性孔源性视网膜脱离288例临床疗效分析

目的:了解影响近视性孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)手术治疗预后的因素,为临床治疗提供指导。方法:回顾性分析2007-04/2014-04我科收治并行手术的近视性RRD患者288眼(排除外伤、无晶状体眼、先天性疾患、牵拉性及渗出性视网膜脱离),统计手术解剖复位情况,分析裂孔大小、视网膜脱离时间长短对视力恢复和手术成功率的影响。结果:本文统计结果显示:一次性手术解剖复位245眼,复位率为85.1%,经二次、三次手术后总复位率为95.1%。近视程度及老龄因素对视网膜复位有影响:即近视程度高、年龄大的近视性RRD手术复位率低(P<0.05)。通过手术治疗,术后视力明显好于术前视力(P<0.01);近视程度高的RRD,术后视力恢复差(P<0.01),术后视力有提高的仅有152眼(52.9%),术后视力在0.05以上的有106眼。结论:手术是治疗近视性RRD的有效手段。年龄大的视网膜复位率低;近视程度高的视网膜脱离手术复位率低、术后视力恢复差;近视性孔源性视网膜脱离应重视视功能的恢复。     

LASIK术前眼底周边视网膜病变检查及处理的价值

目的观察准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）术前对视网膜变性或伴裂孔等进行预防性治疗的价值。方法对LASIK术前1260只眼扩瞳后行眼底检查并作详细记录,对明显视网膜变性或伴裂孔15只眼进行视网膜光凝治疗。结果15只眼光凝3～4周,行LASIK手术,术后随访6个月,无1例发生视网膜脱离。结论对拟行LASIK手术的患者进行详细眼底检查,并对周边视网膜变性严重和视网膜裂孔者实施预防性光凝治疗可大大降低术后视网膜脱离的发生率。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后角膜知觉的改变

目的观察和分析准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＲＫ）和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｅｕｓｉｓ，ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗近视后角膜知觉的变化。方法对２３１例（３８７只眼）近视患者施行ＰＲＫ，对４８２例（７９６只眼）施行ＬＡＳＩＫ进行治疗。对术后角膜知觉不同时期的变化进行检查、分析。结果ＰＲＫ和ＬＡＳＩＫ术后早期角膜知觉均明显下降，尤以ＰＲＫ明显。ＰＲＫ术后角膜知觉在术后６个月才能恢复，ＬＡＳＩＫ术后角膜知觉约在术后１个月即恢复。结论ＰＲＫ术后角膜知觉的恢复比ＬＡＳＩＫ慢。     

LASIK治疗不同屈光度近视对比分析

目的 观察分析激光辅助原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视的屈光学效果及并发症.方法 利用准分子激光联合显微角膜刀对344眼进行治疗,按屈光度不同(-6.0D以下,-6.0D～10.0D,-10.0D以上)分为3组.术后6月以后观察屈光度、视功能及井发症.结果 术后3月视力基本稳定,术后4～6月屈光度趋于稳定,高度近视组(-10.0D以上)术后过矫明显较多,本手术也存在发生Haze的现象.结论 本手术对不同屈光度的近视治疗有效,其手术并发症的发生率与病例的选择及术者操作的熟练程度密切相关.     

Comparison of two procedures: photorefractive keratectomy versus laser in situ keratomileusis for low to moderate myopia

PURPOSE: A prospective study was conducted to compare the effectiveness, safety, and stability of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for correction of low to moderate myopia. METHODS: Forty-five patients with a manifest refraction (PRK, -4.54 +/- 0.80; LASIK, -4.82 +/- 1.10) from -1.50 to -6.00 diopters (D) were treated and followed-up for 6 months. In each case, 1 eye received PRK and the other LASIK. The first eye treated, and the surgical method used in the first eye, were randomized. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal haze, and topographic analysis of ablation decentration were examined. RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 35 PRK eyes (77.8%) and 28 LASIK eyes (62.2%) at 6 months (P =.107). At 6 months, 28 eyes (62.2%) that received PRK showed a spherical equivalent of within +/-0.5 D as compared with 24 eyes (53.4%) that received LASIK (P =.393). The amount of ablation decentration was 0.37 +/- 0.25 mm in PRK eyes and 0.49 +/- 0.38 mm in LASIK eyes at 3 months (P =.36). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, PRK and LASIK were found to be similarly effective and predictive of correction in low to moderate myopia. PRK has the advantage of less ablation decentration and is safer than LASIK, so we recommend PRK for eyes with low to moderate myopia.     

准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术矫治高度近视准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术后屈光回退的临床观察

目的评价准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（LASIK）矫治高度近视准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）后屈光回退的疗效。方法回顾性临床研究。对PRK术后2年以上、屈光回退且屈光度稳定的患者8例14眼行LASIK,对LASIK术后术眼进行评价。患眼PRK术前屈光度为-6.25～-12.50 D,PRK术后屈光度为-1.50～-6.25 D。随访观察LASIK矫正1年后术眼的裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度、上皮下雾状混浊（haze）形成和角膜厚度的变化。结果所有患眼术后主观症状较轻。LASIK术后1年平均球镜度数为（-0.62±0.94）D。LASIK术后0.5≤裸眼视力〈0.8者4眼,≥0.8者9眼,1眼（7.1%）最佳矫正视力下降2行。4眼术后出现不同程度的haze,包括2级haze 3眼、3级haze 1眼。应用氟米龙滴眼液1个月后,haze及屈光回退减轻;术后1年,1级haze 2眼,2级haze 2眼,3级haze 1眼。LASIK术前角膜厚度为（467±38）μm,术后为（422±21）μm。结论高度近视PRK术后屈光回退行LASIK矫治是一种可行的方法,但少数患者术后可出现haze,仍需治疗。     

PRK和LASIK治疗近视并发症临床分析

目的对PRK和LASIK治疗近视并发症进行前瞻性的临床研究分析。方法对各屈光段近视741眼以随机方式分二组进行手术，其中PRK组（337眼），LASIK组（404眼）。术后随访3～12个月。将随访结果进行临床总结分析。结果屈光度欠矫和最佳矫正视力下降，PRK组均高于LASIK组，分别为20．5％和9．4％及26.4％和10．1％。视疲劳、老视现象两组均有。角膜雾浊（Haze）为PRK特有共发症，0．5～1级占19．3％，2级占2.5％。激素性高眼压PRK组9．8％，LASIK组0％。角膜层间异物和角膜瓣形成本完全是LASIK特有并发症。结论两组比较PRK比LASIK并发症多，且有的并发症处理较棘手，影响手术效果。LASIK术中存在某些潜在共发症，随手术技巧提高和熟练，可以避免。LASIK优于PRK。     

Comparative results evaluation of residual myopia and astigmatism correction after radial keratotomy by photorefraction keratectomy and laser specialized keratomileusis]

The results of correction of residual myopia by photorefraction keratectomy (PRK) (51 eyes) and laser specialized keratomileusis (LASIK) (36 eyes) after radial keratotomy (RK) are compared. The patients were observed for up to 12 months. After PRK, 7.3% patients developed late fleur of the cornea, evaluated by at least 2 points. The incidence of fleur directly depended on the value of residual myopia. After LASIK none of the patients developed such fleur. The best visual acuity (0.5 and higher without correction) was attained in 70.73% after PRK and RK, vs. 100% after LASIK. The results of photorefraction operations and severity of residual myopia after RK correlated. In residual myopia of up to -3 diopters the results of correction by PRK and LASIK were virtually the same. In residual myopia higher than -3 diopters, LASIK is preferable.     

Photorefractive keratectomy versus laser in situ keratomileusis: a control-matched study

OBJECTIVE: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes were compared at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seven LASIK-treated eyes (58 patients) and 107 PRK-treated eyes (91 patients) having myopia between -1 and -9.50 diopters (D). All LASIK-treated eyes were analyzed retrospectively and matched with PRK-treated eyes having sphere within +/-0.25 D, +/-1 D of cylinder, and +/-7 years of age. INTERVENTION: For PRK and LASIK, the refractive surgery was performed with the slit-scanning excimer laser Nidek EC-5000, (Nidek Co. Tokyo, Japan) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Manifest refraction, best-spectacle and uncorrected Snellen visual acuity, haze, halos, and keratometry were evaluated before surgery and up to 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Seventy percent of eyes were evaluated at the 12-month postoperative exam. Of these eyes, 83% of LASIK cases and 86% of PRK cases had uncorrected visual acuities of 20/20 or better. Refractions within +/-0.5 D represented 78% of the LASIK eyes and 83% of the PRK eyes at that follow-up. Patients who underwent LASIK reported halos twice as often as patients who underwent PRK using a subjective scale. The odds ratio of high halos for LASIK versus PRK was 3.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.89-6.46; P<0.0001). At 1 month after surgery, 64% of the LASIK eyes were within +/-0.50 D compared with 77% of the PRK eyes. No eye lost 2 Snellen lines of best corrected visual acuity at 6 or 12 months after surgery. Ten PRK eyes (9.3%) and three LASIK eyes (2.8%) were retreated. CONCLUSIONS: PRK and LASIK achieved equal refractive outcomes at all postoperative follow-ups, but LASIK patients were twice as likely to experience halos.     

A comparative study for mesopic contrast sensitivity between photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect on visual performance of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with mesopic contrast sensitivity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Postoperative visual performance for 40 eyes undergoing PRK and 40 eyes undergoing LASIK was compared with mesopic contrast sensitivity at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Eyes were divided into two groups (< -6.0 D and > -6.25 D). Mesopic contrast sensitivity was performed with the patient's best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better under photopic conditions. RESULTS: A significant decrease in mesopic contrast sensitivity from preoperative baseline was obtained at all spatial frequencies for the PRK and LASIK groups (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference at 1 or 3 months postoperatively in both groups (P > .05). At 6 months postoperatively, LASIK significantly decreased mesopic contrast sensitivity more than PRK in myopia with a refractive error of less than -6.0 D, especially at the middle and high spatial frequencies of 6, 9, and 12 cycles per degree (P < .05). However, no statistically significant differences in mesopic contrast sensitivity between PRK and LASIK were found in myopia with a refractive error of greater than -6.25 D (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: In broad-beam excimer laser refractive surgery, PRK seemed to have a more significant effect on mesopic contrast sensitivity than LASIK for myopia with a refractive error of less than -6.0 D at 6 months postoperatively.     

Recovery of uncorrected visual acuity after laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy for low myopia

PURPOSE: To compare uncorrected visual acuity and refractive error in patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) between 1 week and 6 months after surgery. METHODS: All eyes underwent PRK or LASIK with the VisX StarS2 excimer laser. We retrospectively analyzed data from 77 random eyes of 77 patients in the PRK group and 76 eyes of 76 patients in the LASIK group. All eyes had a low myopic refractive error (spherical equivalent range, -0.88 diopters (D) to -5.13 D; mean PRK. -2.8 +/- 0.20 D: LASIK, -2.5 +/- 0.22 D). Uncorrected visual acuity and manifest refractive error were evaluated 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Each eye undergoing PRK was paired with an eye undergoing LASIK for a similar level of spherical equivalent. Mean uncorrected visual acuity after 1 week was 0.85 +/- 0.06 (20/25, logMAR 0.12 +/- 0.04) for the PRK group and 1.01 +/- 0.06 (20/20, logMAR 0.01 +/- 0.03) for the LASIK group (p < 0.001). Mean spherical equivalent after 1 week was 0.23 +/- 0.12 D for the PRK group and -0.02 +/- 0.07 D for the LASIK group (p = 0.02). Mean uncorrected visual acuity after 1 month was 1.03 +/- 0.05 (20/20, logMAR 0.02 +/- 0.03) for the PRK group and 1.05 +/- 0.05 (20/20. -0.02 +/- 0.03) for the LASIK group (p = 0.16). Mean spherical equivalent after I month was 0.19 +/- 0.10 D for the PRK group and -0.02 +/- 0.09 D for the LASIK group. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02), but was unlikely to be clinically significant. Mean uncorrected visual acuity after 6 months was 1.05 +/- 0.06 (20/20, logMAR -0.01 +/- 0.03) for the PRK group and 1.06 +/- 0.05 (20/20, logMAR -0.14 +/- 0.03) for the LASIK group (p = 0.41). Mean spherical equivalent after 6 months was 0.02 +/- 0.08 D for the PRK group and 0.00 +/- 0.08 D for the LASIK group (p = 0.35). CONCLUSION: Uncorrected visual acuity 1 week after surgery is significantly better in eyes undergoing LASIK than in eyes undergoing PRK. Both procedures provide functional vision by 1 week after surgery. The difference does not relate to refractive error, which was similar between the two groups, but to differences in healing of the epithelium. By 1 month after surgery, there is no difference in mean uncorrected visual acuity between eyes that undergo PRK or LASIK for low myopia.     

Haze und Regression nach photorefraktiver Keratektomie (PRK)

According to the recommendations of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), PRK in myopic patients between -1.0 dpt and -6.0 dpt is a scientific acknowledge treatment. The risks of the treatment, however, increase in myopia above -6.0 dpt. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between june 1994 and october 1997 we performed PRK on 338 eyes from 212 myopic patients in the ALZ Eye Clinic Hamburg. Myopia ranged between -1.25 and -11.25 diopters. All treatments were performed with the Keracor 116 (Fa. Chiron Technolas). The procedure was the same in all cases: mechanical abrasion, excimer laser treatment, antibiotic and nonsteroidal antiphlogistic drops for three days followed by a corticosteroid therapy for 5 months. RESULTS: Out of these 338 eyes, 17 eyes after 12 months had a persistent haze grade 1-2 or more according to Stein, Cheskes and Stein. These 17 eyes had also an average regression of -1.67 diopters (SD 1.8) and lost at least in minimum two lines of the best corrected visual acuity 12 months postoperatively. The refraction of the 17 eyes was more than -6 dpt preoperatively. CONCLUSION: Haze after PRK is in most cases only transient. Haze of grade 1-2 or more after 12 months postoperatively is correlated with regression and a loss of best corrected visual acuity. PRK below -6 dpt in our hands never showed haze grade 1-2 or more 12 months postoperatively. Therefore patients with a refraction of more than -6 dpt before PRK should be informed about this potential risks. In these cases LASIK should be taken into consideration.