HPLC法测定复方罗布麻片I中盐酸异丙嗪和氯氮Zhuo的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法考察并建立了测定复方罗布麻片Ⅰ中盐酸异丙嗪和氯氮(艹卓)含量的方法.方法色谱柱为Phenomenex-ODS3柱(250×4.60mm,5μm),甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液(取磷酸二氢胺2.64g,加水1 000mL溶解后,用磷酸调节pH值至3.0)(5545)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长为250nm,进样量20μL.结果盐酸异丙嗪的线性范围为5.1～60.8μg/mL(r=1.000 0),氯氮(艹卓)的线性范围为5.2～60.4μg/mL(r=0.999 9),平均回收率分别为99.5%和101.2%.结论本法精密度好,结果准确可靠,适用于该复方制剂的质量检验分析.     

HPLC法测定复方罗布麻片Ⅰ中盐酸异丙嗪和氯氮的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法考察并建立了测定复方罗布麻片Ⅰ中盐酸异丙嗪和氯氮(?)含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为Phenomenex-ODS3柱(250 ×4.60mm,5μm),甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液(取磷酸二氢胺2.64g,加水1 000mL溶解后,用磷酸调节pH值至3.0)(55:45)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长为250nm,进样量20μL。结果:盐酸异丙嗪的线性范围为5.1-60.8μg/mL(r=1.000 0),氯氮(?)的线性范围为5.2-60.4μg/mL(r=0.999 9),平均回收率分别为99.5％和101.2％。结论:本法精密度好,结果准确可靠,适用于该复方制剂的质量检验分析。     

HPLC法测定复方降压胶囊中氢氯噻嗪、地巴唑、氯氮(艹卓)和盐酸异丙嗪的含量

目的:建立离子对高效液相色谱法同时测定复方降压胶囊中氢氯噻嗪、地巴唑、氯氮(艹卓)和盐酸异丙嗪含量。方法:分析柱为 Hypersil C_(18)(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-甲醇-7.2mmol·L~(-1)己烷磺酸钠溶液-冰醋酸-三乙胺(28∶28∶43∶1∶0.01),检测波长为258nm。结果:氢氯噻嗪、地巴唑、氯氮(艹卓)和盐酸异丙嗪的线性范围分别为12.24-122.4μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9997),40.92-409.2μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9998),8.12-81.2μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999),11.52-115.2μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9999);平均回收率分别为100.3%(RSD<1.4%),99.0%(RSD<1.3%),98.8%(RSD<1.7%),99.4%(RSD<2.3%)。结论:4种组分分离效果好,其他组分和辅料无干扰,本法简便快速,准确可靠,适于该复方制剂中4种组分的同时测定。     

HPLC法测定复方磷酸可待因糖浆主成分含量的研究

目的:建立测定复方磷酸可待因糖浆中磷酸可待因和盐酸异丙嗪的高效液相色谱方法。方法:采用氰基键合硅烷色谱柱为固定相,流动相为0.01 mol.L-1己烷磺酸钠溶液-乙腈-甲醇(54∶23∶23),流量1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长284 nm。结果:磷酸可待因的线性范围为0.3～2.8μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.8%,定量限和检测限分别为10 ng和3 ng;盐酸异丙嗪的线性范围为0.2～1.9μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为100.3%,定量限和检测限分别为6 ng和2 ng。结论:该方法简单、可靠,适用性好,可用于复方磷酸可待因糖浆的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定复方止咳糖浆中盐酸异丙嗪和氢溴酸右美沙芬的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法,测定复方止咳糖浆中盐酸异丙嗪和氢溴酸右美沙芬的含量.方法:采用C18柱,以0.5%三乙胺溶液(用磷酸调节pH值至3.5)-乙腈(75:25)为流动相,检测波长为278nm.结果:线性范围为盐酸异丙嗪0.1738-0.8690μg(r=0.9999);氢溴酸右美沙芬0.447-2.235μg(r=1.0000),平均回收率为盐酸异丙嗪;100.0%(RSD%=0.87%,n=9);氢溴酸右美沙芬99.8%(RSD=0.3%,n=9).结论:本方法简便,快速,专属性强,可有效的控制复方止咳糖浆中盐酸异丙嗪和氢溴酸右美沙芬的含量.     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸地尔硫(艹卓)延迟释放片的含量

目的:建立测定盐酸地尔硫艹卓延迟释放片含量的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Dikma ODS柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.02mol·L -1 醋酸铵溶液(5∶2∶3),流速:1.0mL·min -1 ;检测波长:240nm;柱温:室温;外标法峰面积定量.结果:盐酸地尔硫艹卓保留时间约为7.73min,辅料对主药测定无干扰.盐酸地尔硫艹卓浓度在20～220μg·mL -1 (r=0.9980),标准曲线范围线性关系良好,最低检测限为8.4ng,平均回收率为100.6%～101.6%(n=3).结论:本法专属性强,操作方便,结果准确,重现性好.     

HPLC法同时检测氢氯噻嗪和盐酸可乐定

目的:采用高效液相色谱法同时测定氢氯噻嗪和盐酸可乐定。方法:phenomenex fusion-RP色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,4μm);流动相:甲醇-水-磷酸(25:75:0.08);检测波长220nm;柱温25℃;流量1mL.min-1。氢氯噻嗪的检测灵敏度0.05AUFS,盐酸可乐定的检测灵敏度0.005AUFS。结果:氢氯噻嗪和盐酸可乐定的线性范围分别为20-400μg.mL-1(r=0.9999)和75~1500ng.mL-1(r=0.9999),平均回收率分别为99.3%和99.2%。结论:该法简便准确,可用于氢氯噻嗪和盐酸可乐定复方制剂含量的同时测定。     

HPLC法测定氯氮(艹卓)片的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定氯氮(艹卓)片含量的方法.方法 色谱柱为Phenomenex Gemini C18 110A(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-5mmol·L-1庚烷磺酸钠溶液-冰醋酸(55:45:0.25);检测波长为308nm;流速为1mL·min-1.结果 线性范围为8.320-83.20μg·mL-1,r=0.9999,平均回收率分别为100.8%(RSD=1.1%,n=9).结论 本法专属性强,简便快速,准确可靠,适于该药的含量测定.     

HPLC法同时测定复方夏枯草搽剂中3个有效成分的含量

目的:建立复方夏枯草搽剂中盐酸小檗碱和补骨脂素、异补骨脂素的HPLC含量测定方法。方法:采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(45∶55)为流动相,流速1.1 mL.min-1,柱温40℃,检测波长265nm。结果:盐酸小檗碱和补骨脂素、异补骨脂素线性范围分别为21.0～315.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9994)、14.4～216.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9996)、17.3～260.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9997)。回收率(n=6)分别为97.9%、98.5%、98.9%;RSD分别为1.5%、1.3%、0.9%。结论:该方法可用于复方夏枯草搽剂的质量控制。     

梯度洗脱法同时测定复方卡托普利尼群地平胶囊(Ⅱ)中3种成分的含量

目的建立同时测定复方卡托普利尼群地平胶囊(Ⅱ)中卡托普利、氢氯噻嗪和尼群地平含量的高效液相检测方法。方法采用色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);以乙腈(A)-水(磷酸调节pH至3.0)(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;流速1.0mL/min;柱温:40℃;检测波长212nm。结果卡托普利、氢氯噻嗪和尼群地平分别在20.68～289.47μg/mL(r=0.9999),10.69～149.67μg/mL(r=0.9995)和10.44～146.16μg/mL(r=0.9999)范围内线性良好;平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为99.57%(RSD=0.89%),100.30%(RSD=1.20%),102.52%(RSD=1.59%)。结论 3种成分分离效果好,可同时测定,方法简便快速,结果准确可靠,可作为复方卡托普利尼群地平胶囊(Ⅱ)的质量控制方法。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.