ADVANCES IN VASCULAR SURGERY IN CHINA

This article presents some main advances in the management of arterial and venous diseases during the recent 35 years. In the treatment of arterial diseases, the manufacture and application of pure silk and dacron prosthesis in the late fifties has enlarged the scope of surgery for aneurysms. Even resections of huge complicated thoracoabdominal aneurysms have been performed with good results since the eighties. Embolectomy by means of a Fogarty catheter has been used with success since 1970. As to chronic arteriosus obliterans, including thromboangitis obliterans and arteriosclerosis, omental graft (1982) and staged arterio-venous reversal (1986) may produce good results. In the treatment of aortitis, nephrectomy is good for cases involving unilateral renal artery. Bypass, endarterectomy, patch graft or angioplasty for those cases with stenosis at the beginning of the main branches are very beneficial. In the management of portal hypertension, splenorenal shunt has been widely adopted since 1952. In 1964 pericardiac devasculization was first used, and in recent years there was an increasing trend in its practice. As to venous diseases in the lower extremity, a classification based on whether the lesion involves venous reflux or venous return disturbance has been suggested in recent years. Venous reflux diseases with valvular insuffciency of the saphenous vein has an incidence of 14%, valvular insufficiency of the deep femoral vein is even more common with an incidence as high as 55%. The operations for each category are mentioned. Diseases of venous return disturbance are mainly the sequel of thrombosis of the deep vein. The are two types i. e. whole extremity and segmental.     

小儿哮喘与婴儿期喂养

为了解婴儿期喂养对小儿哮喘发病的影响，调查儿科门诊哮喘病人184人，发现非母乳喂养者的比例明显高于母乳喂养者。（X2＝5.75，P＜0．05）母乳喂养儿免疫功能较好，可免受反复呼吸道感染（RI），较少发生过敏，减少了哮喘形成与发作的危险因素。提倡母乳喂养。     

脑脊液中的氟

本文报告正常含氟区非氟中毒者及氟中毒病人的脑脊液含氟量。同时测定尿氟及血氟,以估计三者的动态平衡关系。正常含氟地区无氟中毒者每一脑脊液标本均能检出氟,但低于血。氟中毒病人脑脊液含氟量较对照组稍高,但无统计学上的差异。初步结论认为氟是正常脑脊液成分之一,在严重氟中毒或其它疾病血—脑屏障受损时可能增高。     

设置病房楼层护理秘书的实践

通过浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院七年来在护理单元设置护理秘书一职,提出了设置护理秘书的可行性,具体阐述了秘书所担任的职责及在临床护理工作中所起的作用来说明设置护理秘书岗位的优点。     

PSORIASIS IN CHINA

This paper presents a brief review of sea- sonal influences upon psorias.is in China. The incidence, onset age, types and treatment of the disease and laboratory investigations are detail- ed. In conclus.ion, the author po,ints out that continued efforts should be made to find out the causative fa.ctors and more effective treat- ment. It is hoped that traditional Chinese me- dicine will contribut.e to the treatment.     

广西人肺心病时右心室的改变

肺心病主要表现在右心室肥大和扩张,最简单的诊断方法是在肺动脉瓣下2cm处测右心室心肌的厚度,国内外都以该处之厚度>0.5cm作为诊断标准。但广西籍人个体普遍比较小,心脏包括右室均较轻而薄。本组正常右心室厚度平均值为0.33cm,比国内正常平均值0.48cm薄许多;8例肺心病平均厚度只有0.47cm,尚略低于全国正常平均值水平。因此,广西不能用右心室厚度>0.5cm作为诊断肺心病标准,否则势必漏诊许多病例。本组正常右心室的重量平均值为50克,较国外正常标准65克小很多;8例肺心病右室平均值为70克,与国外相同,说明本组肺心病例右室肥大是显著的。左右室之比值(L+S)/R反映右室相对大小,不受体型大小之影响,本组平均比值为1.95,支持国外提出以(L+S)/R<2作为肺心病诊断标准。     

东北地区虻类采集报告

<正> 虻俗称瞎虻,在分类上隶属于双翅目虻科。虻是体型最大的凶猛叮吸人畜血液的一类昆虫,又是数种人畜间传染病的传播媒介,如罗阿丝虫病、野兔病、非洲锥虫病、马传染     

大连市弱智学生龋齿调查

弱智学生218名,龋齿患病率为72.9％;对照组学生1363名,龋齿患病率为28.5％,两组间差异非常显著(u=8.1,P<0.01),说明弱智学生易患龋齿。弱智学生的龋齿81.5％发生在第一恒磨牙,8.9％发生于第二恒磨牙,其他牙齿患龋少,龋齿的程度主要是0—2度。弱智学生牙齿开始萌出年龄较正常学生约晚1～3年,其生长发育也低于正常学生。     

215名新生儿脾脏触诊分析

本文对215名新生儿的脾脏作了触诊分析。结果表明:脾脏的可触及率为19.5%。在生后能触及脾脏者于72小时时仍可触及,无1例是生后72小时才首次触及。脾脏的可触及率无性别差异。分娩方式不影响脾脏的可触及率。孕期的长短与脾脏检出率无关。总之,在新生儿能触及脾脏是一种正常现象,勿需进一步检查。     

ESAT-6检测在结核病诊断中的应用

目的探讨我们建立的结核病分枝杆菌特异性抗原ESAT-6体外诱发的γ干扰素检测（以下惩称ESAT-6检测）在结核病诊断中的应用价值。方法结较病密切接触者60例,痰培养证实的结核病患者46例与健康人55例对比分析;儿童组68倒,青少年组52例,老年组45例追踪调查。结果结核病密切接触者与痰培养证实的结核病患者ESAT-6反应具有很高的敏感性;儿童组与青少年组ESAT-6反应与临床诊断和愈后具有很高的一致性。结论ESAT-6检测对活动性结核病尤其是儿童和青少年结核病的诊断具有较高的价值。     

成都市105名正常老年人智力调查

采用目前我国修订的韦氏成人智力量表对成都市105名正常老年人进行智力测查。发现男、女两组的言语量表分、作业量表分及全量表分的均数有显著性差异。各量表分均数有随年龄增长而下降的趋势。此结果与Eisderfer的资料一致。退化商数的测定,其“可能退化”及“肯定退化”占53.4％,是否说明这些老年人可能有大脑潜在病损,尚待追踪测试。     

SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN HUMAN ESOPHAGUS WITH RAPID IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION IN 5 CASES

HUMAN herpes simplex virus esophagitis （HSVE） was first reported in 1940 by Johnson. ^1HSVE usually occurs in immunocompromised patients,such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （AIDS）, 2-4 malignancies, cutaneous burns, connective tissue diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, those taking immuno-suppressive therapy, and those undergoing organ transplantation,5 etc. In the immunocompetent individuals, HSVE is rare, having been reported in 39 cases and mainly affecting young males^6,7 The aim of this study was to delineate the clinical experience in the diagnosis of HSVE using rapid in situ hybridization and assess the various detection methods.     

急性白血病完全缓解期骨髓象的预后意义

分析124例急性白血病完全缓解期骨髓象表现及其对缓解期的影响。所用参数为增生程度及原始细胞、早幼粒(幼单、幼淋)细胞、有核红细胞、中幼粒细胞以下粒细胞和淋巴细胞的百分数。另有6例用流式细胞仪检测完全缓解期骨髓单个核细胞的DNA含量,以期发现残存白血病细胞及异常DNA含量的预后意义。结果表明,以上参数对缓解期的长短无明显影响。要延长缓解期,坚持缓解后治疗(巩固、维持和强化)极为重要。     

术前放射治疗的探讨

目前恶性肿瘤的发病率越来越高,由于多种方法的综合治疗,使治愈率逐步提高,其中放射治疗的作用占相当重要的地位。其基本原理是当肿瘤细胞受照射时,正在进行核分裂的细胞几乎立即死亡,经过反复照射,肿瘤细胞就可完全被消灭。本文着重介绍术前放射治疗情况。     

市售米粉甲醛含量的检测与分析

目的:通过对长沙市市售米粉中甲醛含量的测定,了解其污染状况,为政府加强食品卫生监督管理工作提供依据,为城镇居民健康饮食提出合理建议。方法:在长沙市5区随机抽取样品共106份,应用乙酰丙酮显色法测定其甲醛含量。结果:106份样品中61份阳性,总检出率为57.55%,阳性样品中甲醛含量范围为0.011mg～2.859mg/kg。结论:本次检测的市售米粉样品中添加甲醛的现象相当普遍,建议有关部门在研究其对策的同时应加强宣传力度和食品卫生监督及市场管理,以保护广大市民的身体健康。     

RESEARCH OX TYPHLTS IN SHANGHAI

In view of the paucity and inexactitude of records on the subject of typhus in Shanghai, it is difficult to present an accurate historicaL picture.     

十年来治疗恶性滋养叶肿瘤的变迁

总结我院十年来治疗恶性滋养叶肿瘤的变迁。1972～1982年以临床分期为基础,采用更生霉素、氟脲嘧啶、小量氨甲喋啶化疗,加以手术切除子宫。1983～1985年对患者进行Bagshawe Goldsten 评分,分低危、高危状态。用大剂量MTX 或MAC 等联合疗法。后者比前者所需疗程次数、手术比例减少,化疗效果较好。     

老年人自发性气胸

老年人自发性气胸的病因主要为慢性支气管炎、肺气肿;其临床特点为肺压缩程度较小,而呼吸困难却显著,死亡率高。老年人气胸宜积极排气治疗,部份患者可采用留置小导管排气治疗,并应重视合并症的处理。肺癌以气胸为首发症状者罕见,本文报告一例。     

SHR与SD杂交大鼠血压与细胞内阳离子含量的关系

观察ＳＨＲ与ＳＤ杂交大鼠血淋巴细胞内阳离子含量以及与血压的关系，拟阐明是否细胞膜阳离子转运异常是一种先天性遗传缺陷。结果显示，杂交大鼠淋巴细胞内Ｋ＋、Ｎａ＋、Ｍｇ２＋的含量与血压值并不相关，但淋巴细胞内Ｃａ２＋的含量与杂交大鼠的收缩压（ＳＢＰ）和舒张压（ＤＢＰ）呈明显正相关（ＳＢＰｒ＝０．５２，Ｐ＜０．０５；ＤＢＰｒ＝０．６２，Ｐ＜０．０１），血压增高的杂交大鼠（ＢＰ≥１７．３／１２．０ｋＰａ）细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度（１．３±０．５ｆｍｏｌ／细胞）显著高于对照组（０．９±０．３ｆｍｏｌ／细胞，Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示，原发性高血压的发生与细胞膜存在特异性缺陷及遗传性离子转运障碍有关，而这一转运障碍的离子主要为Ｃａ２＋。