杭州市2010—2012年12岁儿童牙周健康状况分析

目的了解2010—2012年杭州市12岁年龄组儿童牙周健康状况,为杭州市口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取杭州市上城区共9所小学,于2010—2012年连续3 a对12岁年龄组儿童进行牙周健康检查。选用牙龈出血指数和牙石指数记录牙龈出血和牙石的程度。结果 2010—2012年杭州市12岁年龄组儿童牙石及牙龈出血的检出率和检出牙数均呈逐年下降趋势,3 a间差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。牙石和牙龈出血记分为0的构成比均逐年上升,记分为1,2,3的构成比呈逐年下降趋势。男、女生牙石和牙龈出血检出率及检出牙数均呈逐年下降趋势。同一年度女生牙石及牙龈出血的检出率比男生略低,但差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。结论杭州市12岁年龄组人群牙周健康状况较好,牙龈出血检出率和牙石检出率呈逐年下降趋势。     

甘肃省藏族青少年牙周病调查报告

目的:为了解甘肃省藏族青少年牙周状况以及为开展牙周病预防工作提供资料,我们对甘肃省的藏族青少年进行了口腔健康调查。方法:对甘肃藏族聚集区学校内12岁、15岁及18岁3个年龄组藏族青少年共1039人的牙周状况进行调查。结果:受检儿童12岁牙龈出血率21.4%,牙石检出率24.8%;15岁牙龈出血率19.8%,牙石检出率41.8%;18岁牙龈出血率23.9%,牙石检出率60.7%,小于全国各年龄组牙龈出血及牙石检出率的平均水平。讨论:藏族少儿牙周病发病率较低,但我们仍应加强口腔健康教育,使他们提高口腔保健意识,建立良好的口腔卫生。才能促进儿童的健康成长,提高少数民族身体素质。     

西藏阿里地区西部区域藏族人群慢性病及影响因素的相关性研究

目的 分析西藏阿里地区西部区域藏族人群慢性病及影响因素的相关性。方法 利用多阶段整群随机抽样,抽取阿里地区西部四县1453名藏族居民进行调查,并收集血常规及生化检测指标。采用χ2检验和 logistic 回归分析检出慢性病的影响因素。结果 该地区藏族居民患病率居前3位的慢性病依次为高同型半胱氨酸血症(77.6%)、高尿酸血症(51.5%)和血脂异常(45.2%)。性别、年龄、体型、居住地、吸烟和饮酒是藏族居民慢性病主要的影响因素,女性是高尿酸血症(OR=0.547,95%CI:0.438~0.682)、肝功异常（OR= 0.482, 95%CI:0.369~0.628）、肾功异常（OR= 0.020, 95%CI:0.011~0.040）和高同型半胱氨酸血症(OR=0.434, 95%CI:0.327~0.574)的保护因素;超重/肥胖是高原红细胞增多症、脂肪肝、高尿酸血症、肝功异常、血脂异常、高血糖的危险因素。结论 西藏阿里西部地区高同型半胱氨酸血症、高尿酸血症和血脂异常检出率较高,超重/肥胖和饮酒是主要的危险因素。     

甘肃省新生儿死亡影响因素调查

目的探讨影响甘肃新生儿死亡的主要危险因素,为有效开展妇幼健康教育以及有针对性地制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法以2010-2012年甘肃5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据为基础,采用统一编制的调查问卷回顾性调查新生儿出生测量指标等相关情况,应用病例对照研究方法,通过单因素和多因素logistic回归筛选主要危险因素。结果影响因素分析显示,县级以下医疗机构分娩(OR=2.746;95%CI:1.898~3.975)、5 min Apgar评分≤7(OR=8.701;95%CI:3.276~23.111)、新生儿窒息(OR=5.057;95%CI:2.210~11.568)、早产(OR=2.055;95%CI:1.049~4.024)、新生儿并发症(OR=2.323;95%CI:1.591~3.393)为甘肃新生儿死亡的危险因素。结论甘肃基层医疗机构新生儿救治水平偏低,新生儿窒息、早产、并发症为导致其死亡的主要危险因素,相应的卫生干预措施应尽早制定并实施。     

上海市闵行区儿童青少年牙周状况及影响因素研究

目的分析儿童青少年牙周状况及影响因素,为该地区儿童青少年牙周状况的预防和改善提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法从闵行区各抽出1个镇和1个街道,对抽中镇街的小学及中学学校在校学生进行口腔健康检查及口腔行为的问卷调查。采用描述性分析方法对结果进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对儿童青少年牙周异常影响因素进行分析。结果1812名儿童青少年中共检出牙龈出血例数为780例,检出牙龈出血牙齿数1605颗,牙龈出血率为43.05%,平均牙龈出血颗数为2.06颗。共检出牙结石人数937人,检出牙结石牙齿数5172颗,牙结石检出率为51.71%,平均牙结石颗数为5.52颗。牙周异常检出共862例,异常率为47.57%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,进食甜食频率(OR=3.819)、牙线使用情况(OR=0.293)、含氟牙膏使用情况(OR=0.210)、口腔健康态度(OR=0.304)、碳酸饮料饮用频率(OR=2.601)、刷牙时间(OR=3.819)是儿童青少年牙周异常的影响因素。结论上海市闵行区儿童青少年牙周状况需要引起家长的关注,牙结石及牙龈出血现象均较普遍,为进一步改善儿童青少年牙周健康状况,应强化其口腔卫生和饮食习惯,提倡使用牙线和含氟牙膏。     

深圳市12~15岁青少年牙周健康现况及影响因素分析

  目的  评估深圳市12~15岁青少年牙周健康状况,探索影响其牙周健康的相关因素,为儿童青少年的牙周健康状况改善提供参考依据。  方法  采用多阶段分层等容抽样方法,随机抽取深圳市12~15岁5 509名中学生进行牙龈出血和牙石的检查,并完成自答问卷。15岁年龄组额外进行牙周袋深度和附着丧失的检查。统计分析采用t检验、χ2检验和Logistic回归分析以描述牙周健康状况并分析相关因素。  结果  12~15岁青少年牙龈出血与牙石的检出率分别为43.95%和44.25%,15岁青少年浅牙周袋的检出率为0.57%,牙周袋≥6 mm与附着丧失≥4 mm均未检出。不同性别、经济水平和刷牙频率组牙石的检出情况差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。不同含氟牙膏使用情况者牙龈出血和牙石的检出差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为9.70,6.16,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  深圳市12~15岁青少年牙周健康水平普遍优于全国水平,居住在高经济水平区的青少年与女性拥有更好的牙周健康状况。政府可采取推广校园健康教育、提高刷牙频率、提倡使用含氟牙膏等方式改善青少年人群牙周健康状况。     

常州市8月龄~14岁儿童麻疹传播影响因素分析

目的探讨8月龄~14岁儿童中麻疹传播影响因素,评价现行免疫措施实施效果,探索可能对其采取的保护措施。方法选取常州市范围内在2009-2013年发病的8月龄~14岁儿童,采用病例对照研究的方法,就病例和对照的发病与就诊情况、可能的暴露史、居住地和旅行史、既往麻疹患病史、卫生服务情况、社会人口学和经济学信息等内容进行入户个案访谈调查。结果单因素及多因素分析结果显示:家长对预防接种的态度积极(OR=0.041,OR95%CI=0.004~0.404)、有麻疹疫苗接种史(OR=0.013,OR95%CI=0.003~0.051)是8月龄~14岁儿童麻疹发病的保护因素,外来流动人口(OR=6.016,OR95%CI=2.341~15.462)、发病前7~21 d医院暴露史(OR=7.015,OR95%CI=2.846~17.290)、接种次数较少(OR=5.865,OR95%CI=1.679~20.485)是8月龄~14岁儿童麻疹发病的危险因素,疫苗接种次数越少危险性越大。结论高质量的麻疹疫苗常规免疫和强化免疫可以减少8月龄以上儿童发病,并应重视加强流动儿童和院内感染的管理。     

青海省藏族人群结核病治疗转归及影响因素

目的 分析青海省藏族人群结核病治疗转归及影响因素,为藏族结核病的防治提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2016―2020年青海省藏族人群结核病治疗转归情况,采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析成功治疗率随时间变化的趋势,χ²检验初步筛选可能的影响因素,采用多因素logistic回归分析模型进行影响因素分析,方差膨胀系数(variance inflation factor, VIF)检验共线性。结果 2016―2020年青海省藏族人群肺结核成功治疗率为96.841%,成功治疗率呈上升趋势。多因素logistic回归分析模型显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=2.467, 95%CI:1.333～4.889,P=0.006)、就诊延迟(OR=1.364, 95%CI:1.096～1.702,P=0.006)、Ⅲ型结核病(OR=2.659, 95%CI:1.190～7.584,P=0.034)、Ⅳ型结核病(OR=4.457, 95%CI:1.921～12.988,P=0.002)、Ⅴ型结核病(OR=4.671, 95%CI:1.976～13.747,P=0.001)和复治(O...     

北京市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖影响因素研究

目的分析影响学龄前儿童肥胖的主要因素,为采取干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用方便样本整群抽样方法,对北京市五所幼儿园中2~7岁儿童的家长共计400名进行问卷调查和访谈。定性访谈结果采用关键词提取,进行归纳分析。根据中国学龄前儿童生长发育标准[体质指数(body mass index,BMI)≥85%为超重或肥胖]判断是否超重或肥胖;将人口学特征,家庭因素及饮食和运动行为作为自变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果儿童超重或肥胖的独立危险因素包括:儿童高出生体重(≥4 000g)(OR=31.55;95%CI:1.78~4.17,P0.001);母亲选择剖宫产(OR=4.89;95%CI:1.42~16.89,P=0.01);混合喂养(OR=25.90;95%CI:3.07~218.39,P0.001),人工喂养(OR=11.15;95%CI:1.686~73.7121,P=0.01)。保护因素包括:父亲的受教育程度高(OR=0.32;95%CI:0.12~0.89,P=0.03)、每天吃粗粮的次数多(OR=0.43;95%CI:0.21~0,87,P=0.02)、家人一起吃饭的次数多(OR=0.86;95%CI:0.75~0.98,P=0.02)。结论学龄前儿童肥胖的危险因素与父母受教育程度、对肥胖的认知及儿童的饮食运动行为有关。     

中青年体检人群高血压前期检出情况及其危险因素分析

目的 调查绍兴市中青年人群高血压前期的检出情况并分析其相关危险因素,为高血压的综合防治与干预工作提供基础资料和科学依据。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年12月在绍兴文理学院附属医院体检中心体检的18～59岁中青年人群作为研究对象,采用问卷调查法收集基本情况及生活习惯史,通过检查收集生化指标,统计中青年体检人群高血压前期的流行情况,采用单因素χ²检验及多因素logistic回归模型分析探讨相关影响因素。结果 本研究纳入的512名18～59岁中青年体检人群中,平均年龄(38.15±5.25)岁,高血压前期179例,检出率为34.96%。经单因素χ²检验及多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄45～59岁(OR=3.602, 95%CI:1.902-6.823)、肥胖(OR=2.018, 95%CI:1.301～3.130)、吸烟(OR=1.661, 95%CI:1.079～2.558)、饮酒(OR=2.322, 95%CI:1.590～3.393)、食盐摄入量>9 g (OR=5.208, 95%CI:1.954～13.901)以及有...     

Prevalence and factors associated with dental pain that prevents the performance of routine tasks by civil servants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of dental pain preventing the performance of routine tasks and to assess its association with socioeconomic factors, minor psychiatric disorders, number of missing teeth, and dental consultation patterns. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completed questionnaire answered by 4,030 administrative employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (the Pró-Saúde Study). Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Prevalence of toothache preventing the performance of routine tasks in the two weeks prior to the interview was 2.9% (95%CI: 2.5-3.6). Men (OR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.4), individuals with minor psychiatric disorders (OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.6), individuals with extensive tooth loss (OR = 3.4; 95%CI: 1.5-7.8), and those failing to appear for regular dental checkups (OR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.8-17.3) showed increased odds of experiencing dental pain. Dental pain was an important problem in this population. Unfavorable living conditions and lack of regular dental checkups increased the odds of dental pain.     

Relationship between cigarette smoking and oral health status]

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the smoking habit and oral health status, while adjusting for age and some aspects of dental health behavior. The data used were based on a cross-sectional study on dental checkup in the worksite, which included a self-reported questionnaire and oral examination by a dentist. The oral health status variables were CPITN scores, missing teeth/filled teeth/decayed teeth, and self-reported gum bleeding. In addition, the subjects reported in a questionnaire concerning their smoking habit and dental health behavior. Of a total of 7,713 of workers, 5,232 (67.8%) participated in the dental checkup of the worksite. From the population, only the data for 3,303 men were analyzed. We used multiple logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for each oral health status according to the smoking habit. Current smokers, compared to subjects who had never smoked, had a higher risk of periodontal disease (OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.9-2.7), missing teeth (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.9) and decayed teeth (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3-1.8), but they had a reduced risk of gum bleeding (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.8). Dose response relationships between smoking and these variables were also observed. The results indicated that cigarette smoking was associated with oral health status independent of some aspects of dental health behavior.     

Gingival health of adolescents and the utilization of dental services, state of São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between gingival health conditions and dental service utilization. METHODS: An epidemiological survey of the oral health of 1,799 adolescents was carried out in 35 cities of the state of S?o Paulo, in 2002. Gingival health was assessed through the prevalence of gingival bleeding on probing and dental calculus (community periodontal index), and dental occlusion was assessed through the dental aesthetic index. The utilization of dental services was measured by means of the dental care index (F/DMFT) for each city. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to adjust explanatory models to factors associated with the outcome variables of interest. RESULTS: The prevalence of gingival bleeding on probing was 21.5%, whereas dental calculus was prevalent in 19.4%. Male participants, who were either black or dark-skinned, lived in crowded homes, in rural areas, and showed schooling delay, were at a significantly higher risk than their respective counterparts. The following dental occlusion characteristics were also associated with unhealthy gum: incisor segment crowding, vertical anterior open bite, and antero-posterior molar relationship. Cities with a higher utilization of dental services showed a smaller proportion of adolescents with gingival bleeding and dental calculus. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of dental services was significantly associated with better gingival health conditions (gingival bleeding and dental calculus). This association did not depend on contextual and individual sociodemographic characteristics or dental occlusion.     

口腔门诊就诊患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为特征及影响因素分析

目的 调查分析口腔门诊就诊患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为特征及影响因素。方法 选取2020年12月—2022年3月在我院门诊就诊的610例口腔疾病患者作为研究对象，采用口腔健康知识、态度、行为的问卷调查进行调查。以多因素logistic回归分析探讨影响口腔门诊就诊患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为的相关因素。结果 在认知方面，口腔门诊就诊患者对正确的刷牙方法，牙龈出血及牙隐裂的原因等专业知识知晓率较低；在态度方面，女性的积极性高于男性，部分年长者觉得牙修复起来能用就行，对维持牙周健康及口腔保健的依从率较低；在行为方面，部分患者表示因之前不了解护齿知识，经常使用牙齿不当，经常食用很硬很韧的食物，刷牙方式不对等。多因素logistic回归分析显示：性别（β=0.675,95%CI:0.232～0.817）、家庭住址（β=0.548,95%CI:0.513～1.157）、文化程度（β=0.524,95%CI:0.474～0.876）、自评口腔健康状态（β=0.835,95%CI:0.309～0.787）均为口腔门诊就诊患者口腔健康知识的影响因素（P<0.05）；性别（β=0.952,95%CI...     

西藏0~5岁藏族儿童心理行为发育与生长迟缓的关系

  目的  了解西藏0~5岁藏族儿童心理行为发育现状, 为分析生长迟缓与儿童心理行为发育的关系提供基础数据。  方法  采用分层、与规模成比例的概率比例抽样方法和整群抽样方法, 于2020年9—11月间在西藏7个区县随机抽取2 788名0~71月龄藏族儿童进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析生长迟缓对儿童心理行为发育的影响。  结果  西藏0~5岁藏族儿童心理行为发育偏异的检出率为24.68%, 其中言语、大运动、精细动作和社交4个能区发育偏异检出率分别为8.07%, 9.15%, 12.02%和12.73%。调整潜在混杂因素后, 生长迟缓儿童心理行为发育偏异风险的OR值(95%CI)为1.34(1.05~1.70), 其中与言语、精细动作和社交3个维度呈正关联。亚组分析显示, 生长迟缓与儿童心理行为发育的关联存在年龄(0~35月龄: OR=1.16, 95%CI=0.88~1.53;36~71月龄: OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.44~3.62)和性别差异(男童: OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.23~2.32;女童: OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.67~1.42)。  结论  西藏0~5岁藏族儿童心理行为发育偏异检出率较高, 生长迟缓与儿童心理行为发育偏异的风险相关。应以高年龄段男童为重点人群, 做好儿童营养和心理行为发育问题的早期筛查和综合干预工作。     

The relationship between nutrient intake, dental status and family cohesion among older Brazilians

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between inadequate nutrient intake, oral health and family cohesion. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 887 non-institutionalized elderly people from Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Oral examination was performed by trained and calibrated examiners and three measurements were considered: number of posterior occluding pairs of natural teeth (POP), number of teeth and overall dental status. Nutrient intake was assessed by a 24-hour diet recall interview. The elderly person's perception of family cohesion was assessed using the family adaptability and cohesion scale. People with no POP were more likely than those with 5 or more POP to have inadequate intake of vitamin C (OR = 2.79; 95%CI: 1.16-6.71), calcium (OR = 3.74; 95%CI: 1.69-8.25), riboflavin (OR = 2.49; 95%CI: 1.10-5.64) and zinc (OR = 3.43; 95%CI: 1.07-10.94). There was no association between elderly people's perceptions of family cohesion and inadequate intakes. It was concluded that oral health is related to inadequate intake of important nutrients among non-institutionalized elderly people.     

安徽省12岁儿童龋病及口腔卫生状况抽样调查结果分析

目的了解安徽省城乡12岁儿童的口腔卫生状况以及龋病患病状况,为儿童口腔卫生保健工作提供依据。方法采用第3次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案,对合肥市、芜湖市和蒙城县、枞阳县、颖上县、含山县794名12岁年龄组儿童进行龋病和口腔卫生状况调查。结果儿童恒牙患龋率为19.3,男、女之间差异无统计学意义。人均恒牙龋(D)失(M)补(F)牙数(龋均DMF)为0.3,男、女之间差异无统计学意义;牙龈出血率为43.7,人均牙龈出血牙数为1.2,人均牙石牙数为3.4,男、女之间差异均无统计学意义。口腔健康知识的正确率较高,城乡之间差异均有统计学意义。在每天刷牙次数方面,城乡儿童之间差异有统计学意义。结论安徽省12岁组儿童龈上牙结石较多,牙龈出血率较高。     

Gingival and periodontal conditions associated with socioeconomic factors

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of gingival bleeding, calculus and periodontal pockets among 18-year-old males. In addition, to verify whether these conditions are associated with years of education and family income. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was carried out. A representative sample of 18-year-old males living in Florianópolis, Brazil, was selected from the Brazilian Army applicant list. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected through dental examinations and interviews, respectively. Socioeconomic data included the subjects and their parents' years of education, and family income. A single dentist carried out the dental examinations looking for gingival bleedings after probing, calculus and shallow and deep periodontal pockets (3.5 mm to 5.5 mm and 5.5 mm and over). The associations between periodontal conditions and socioeconomic variables were analyzed using the qui-square test. RESULTS: A total of 286 people participated in the study. Intra-examiner agreement was high. All kappa values were above 0.7. The prevalence of gingival bleeding, calculus, shallow and deep periodontal pockets were 86%, 50.7%, 7.7% and 0.3% respectively. There were associations between gingival bleeding and all socioeconomic variables (p<0.001). Calculus were associated with the subject's and their father's low educational level (p<0.05) and with their mother's low educational level (p<0.01). Periodontal pockets were associated with their father's low educational level (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periodontal pockets was very low, while gingival bleeding and calculus were high. General periodontal health of the studied population was good.