N-乙酰半胱氨酸通过海马区Notch1/hes1通路改善丙戊酸孤独症模型鼠的学习和记忆能力

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)能否改善孤独症模型鼠的学习和记忆能力及其作用机制。方法利用丙戊酸(valproic acid,VPA)建立孤独症模型,通过三箱实验鉴定造模成功,Western blotting技术检测模型鼠海马区Notch1/hes1通路信号分子Notch1、Notch1胞内活性结构域(Notch intracellular domain,NICD)、Hes1、Jagged1变化,免疫荧光技术检测该通路信号下游靶基因Hes1的表达;然后用NAC干预,检测模型鼠学习和记忆能力的变化及Notch1/hes1信号通路关键信号分子的改变。结果与对照组相比,VPA组大鼠找到平台的时间增加,跨越平台的次数及在靶象限的时间均减少,同时Notch1、NICD、Hes1、Jagged1的蛋白表达水平增加;而NAC干预以后,与VPA组相比,VPA+NAC组大鼠找到平台的时间减少,跨越平台的次数及在靶象限的时间均增加,同时海马脑区NICD、Hes1的蛋白表达均下降。结论 NAC可以改善VPA孤独症模型鼠学习和记忆能力,其作用机制可能与降低Notch1/hes1信号通路的过度活化有关。     

Notch信号通路相关蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 本研究旨在探讨Notch信号通路相关蛋白在前列腺癌中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用实时定量PCR(Q-PCR)和Western blotting方法检测135例新鲜前列腺癌病理组织标本及临近非肿瘤组织标本中Notch 1、Notch 3及Hes1 mRNA和蛋白表达情况.同时采用免疫组化方法检测135例前列腺癌病理组织标本与临近非肿瘤组织标本中Notch 1、Notch 3及Hes 1蛋白表达情况,并分析各蛋白表达与前列腺癌患者临床病理因素的关系.结果 135例新鲜前列腺癌病理组织标本Q-PCR及Western blotting结果表明,与临近非肿瘤组织相比,前列腺癌组织中Notch 1、Notch 3及Hes 1 mRNA和蛋白表达均上调(P均＜0.05).免疫组化的结果表明,59.26％(80/135)前列腺癌样本为Notch 1阳性,高于临近非肿瘤组织17.78％ (24/135)(P＜0.05);65.19％(88/135)前列腺癌样本为Notch 3阳性,高于临近非肿瘤组织22.22％(30/135) (P＜ 0.05);62.22％ (84/135)前列腺癌样本为Hes 1阳性,高于临近非肿瘤组织17.78％(24/135)(P＜0.05).统计分析证实Notch 1蛋白表达与前列腺癌的肿瘤转移密切相关(x2=7.532,P=0.003);Notch 3蛋白表达与前列腺癌的肿瘤转移密切相关(x2=7.532,P=0.003);Hes 1蛋白表达与前列腺癌的肿瘤大小密切相关(x2=6.781,P=0.012).结论 Notch信号通路相关蛋白Notch 1、Notch 3及Hes 1在前列腺癌患者组织中表达升高,Notch信号通路的激活可能在前列腺癌发生、发展过程中起重要作用.     

Notch通路调控KLF4在糖尿病肾病进展中的作用

目的:探讨Notch通路通过调控Krüppel样因子4(Krüppel-like factor 4,KLF4)在糖尿病肾病进展中的作用.方法:选取8周龄雄性db/db小鼠作为糖尿病模型,分成db/db组和db/db+γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT组(n=6),分别腹腔注射二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)和DAPT 10 mg?kg-1,每日一次,从第9 w开始连续给药8 w.另选8周龄雄性db/m小鼠作为对照(n=6).于第16 w分别采用免疫组化检测Nephrin蛋白表达,Western blot检测Notch1、Notch胞内域1(Notch intracellular domain 1,NICD1)、KLF4和Nephrin蛋白表达,Real-time PCR检测Notch1、KLF4和Nephrin mRNA表达.结果:与db/m组相比,db/db组小鼠肾组织Notch1和NICD1表达增加,KLF4和Nephrin表达降低(P<0.01);DAPT抑制Notch通路活化后,增加KLF4和Nephrin表达(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:Notch通路通过KLF4调控糖尿病肾病肾组织损伤.     

Notch信号通路与Slug在调控宫颈鳞状细胞癌上皮-间充质转变中的意义

目的探讨Notch信号通路与Slug在宫颈鳞状细胞癌上皮-间充质转变(EMT)中的作用机制。方法收集临床慢性宫颈炎及宫颈鳞状细胞癌标本,分别用免疫组化及Western blot检测Notch1、NICD1、Slug、E-cadherin、α-SMA蛋白表达情况,Real-Time PCR检测Notch1、SlugmRNA表达情况。结果与慢性宫颈炎比较,Notch1、NICD1、Slug和α-SMA在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中表达增加(P<0.01),E-cadherin蛋白在癌组织中的表达降(P<0.01)。结论 Notch信号通路和Slug可能通过调控EMT在宫颈鳞状细胞癌的侵袭转移过程中发挥作用     

Pyrin重组蛋白通过TGF-β1/SMAD及Jagged1/Notch1信号通路减轻慢性支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症及气道重塑

目的探讨pyrin重组蛋白是否通过抑制转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)/SMAD及Jagged1/Notch1信号通路缓解卵清蛋白(OVA)诱导的慢性哮喘小鼠气道炎症及气道重塑。方法选取雄性BALB/c小鼠32只,分为4组,每组8只。分别为对照组、 OVA模型组、 pyrin重组蛋白治疗组(100μg/kg)、地塞米松(DEX)治疗组(1 mg/kg)。ELISA测定各组小鼠肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎症因子的表达, HE染色观察小鼠支气管炎症浸润情况,过碘酸雪夫反应(PAS)染色观察杯状细胞数量变化, Masson染色观察胶原纤维沉积,免疫组织化学染色法观察α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、 TGF-β1和Notch1蛋白在肺组织中表达分布情况, Western blot法检测肺组织中α-SMA、上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)、 TGF-β1、 SMAD2/3、 SMAD7、 Jagged1、 Notch1、 Hes1蛋白水平。结果 Pyrin重组蛋白能够改善OVA诱导的支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症反应,抑制杯状细胞的增生及胶原纤维沉积,降低BALF中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、 IL-4、 IL-13含量,抑制肺组织中TGF-β1、 SMAD2/3、 Jagged1、 Notch1、 Hes1、α-SMA的蛋白表达。结论 Pyrin重组蛋白通过下调TGF-β1/SMAD及Jagged1/Notch1信号通路减轻哮喘小鼠气道炎症及气道重塑。     

Notch1/Hes1信号调控C/EBPα表达对AECII细胞增殖与分化的影响

目的:探讨Notch1/Hes1信号通路能否通过调控CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α(C/EBPα)的表达从而影响肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞(AECⅡ)的增殖与分化功能。方法:体外培养人AECⅡ,将细胞随机分为对照组、激活剂组(加入Notch通路激活剂Jagged1蛋白500μg/L)和抑制剂组(加入Notch通路抑制剂DAPT 10μmol/L),于干预后24 h收获各组细胞。采用RT-qPCR和Western blot法分别检测Notch1、Hes1及C/EBPα的mRNA与蛋白表达水平;CCK-8法检测细胞活力;细胞计数检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及分化。结果:与对照组相比,激活剂组Notch1、Hes1和C/EBPα的mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加(P0.05),促进AECⅡ从S期进入G_2/M期,增殖增加而分化减少(P0.05);抑制剂组Notch1、Hes1和C/EBPαmRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低(P0.05),AECⅡ被阻滞于G_0/G_1期,增殖减少而分化增加(P0.05)。结论:Notch1/Hes1信号可调控C/EBPα表达并能影响AECⅡ增殖与分化。     

Notch和Wnt信号通路对神经干细胞增殖分化的影响

Notch和Wnt信号通路是调节神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖、分化的重要通路,Notch信号通路的靶基因Hes1、Hes5及HES相关蛋白等分化抑制信号,通过旁侧抑制机制阻止NSCs的分化,并促进其自我更新;通过NICD与CSL DNA结合蛋白的直接结合,形成GFAP的转录激活复合物,上调GFAP的表达,从而促进NSCs向星形胶质细胞的分化。Wnt信号通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路对细胞周期素D1和D2的转录调节,调控NSCs细胞周期的进程,使其量增殖;然而,过表达的Wnt3a和Wnt7a蛋白能够抑制NSCs的增殖,促进NSCs向神经元方向分化。     

Notch信号通路在骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞分化过程中的动态表达特征

目的　探寻Notch信号通路对BM-MSCs向肝细胞分化的影响机制。 方法　诱导BM-MSCs分化成肝细胞。当BM-MSCs分化至第0、7、11、21天时,反向斑点杂交实验检测Notch信号通路中的关键基因的mRNA表达水平。建立加入Jagged1上调信号通路的对照组RT-PCR技术绘制出BM-MSCs分化状态分子表达谱与正常情况下对比。 结果　BM-MSCs分化进行至第21天,反向斑点杂交检测到的关键基因的mRNA表达水平低于第0、7、11天。加入Jagged1后Notch信号通路被激活,导致下游基因Hes1 和 Hey1的被表达。BM-MSCs分化过程中Albumin未被检测到。 结论　本研究的结果表明Notch信号通路在BMMSCs分化成肝细胞过程进行调控是必需的,但是分化必须在信号通路下调的情况下才能进行下去。     

替吉奥下调大鼠胃癌前病变组织Notch1和Jagged1的表达

目的:探讨替吉奥治疗大鼠胃癌前病变的效果以及对Notch信号通路蛋白Notch1和Jagged1表达情况的影响。方法:将60只大鼠随机取等分3组:对照组、模型组、替吉奥治疗组。用100μg/ml的MNNG溶液灌胃,制作大鼠胃癌模型。模型建立成功后治疗组给予替吉奥治疗药物,对照组以及模型组给予等体积的生理盐水。PCR法检测胃癌前病期组织Notch信号通路Notch1和Jagged1的基因表达水平; Western blot检测Notch1和Jagged的蛋白表达量。结果:PCR检测结果显示,Notch1和Jagged1在对照组中仅有少量的表达,与对照组相比,模型组的表达出现了显著增高(P0. 05),相比与模型组,替吉奥治疗组表达有明显下降,仍高于对照组的表达(P0. 05); Western blot检测结果表明,Notch1和Jagged1在对照组中蛋白仅有微量的基础表达,与对照组相比,模型组的两蛋白表达水平明显地上升(P0. 05),同模型组相比,替吉奥治疗组的两蛋白表达均有所下降,但仍高于对照组(P0. 05)。结论:替吉奥治疗可显著降低大鼠胃癌前病变组织Notch1和Jagged1蛋白的表达。     

Overexpression of miR-34c inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis in podocytes by targeting Notch signaling pathways

Recent findings have shown that microRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. miR-34c has been found to inhibit fibrosis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of kidney cells. However, the role of miR-34c in diabetic nephropathy has not been well studied. The current study was designed to investigate the role and potential underlying mechanism of miR-34c in regulating diabetic nephropathy. After treating podocytes with high glucose (HG) in vitro, we found that miR-34c was downregulated and that overexpression of miR-34c inhibited HG-induced podocyte apoptosis. The direct interaction between miR-34c and the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of Notch1 and Jagged1 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, Notch1 and Jagged1 as putative targets of miR-34c were downregulated by miR-34c overexpression in HG-treated podocytes. Overexpression of miR-34c inhibited HG-induced Notch signaling pathway activation, as indicated by decreased expression of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and downstream genes including Hes1 and Hey1. Furthermore, miR-34c overexpression increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and cleaved Caspase-3. Additionally, the phosphorylation of p53 was also downregulated by miR-34c overexpression. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-34c overexpression inhibits the Notch signaling pathway by targeting Notch1 and Jaggged1 in HG-treated podocytes, representing a novel and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.     

糖尿病大鼠肾组织中PTEN/AKT/mTOR通路对自噬的调控作用

目的:观察糖尿病大鼠肾组织中PTEN和自噬水平的变化,探讨糖尿病肾病中PTEN/AKT/m TOR通路对自噬的调控机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)和糖尿病组(DM组),每组各8只。用链脲佐菌素复制DM大鼠模型。于成模后10周处死大鼠后测定相应生化指标和肾脏指数,免疫组化观察肾小管上皮细胞PTEN蛋白的表达部位;Western blotting法检测肾组织LC3、PTEN及PTEN/AKT/m TOR通路的变化;realtime PCR检测肾组织PTEN的mRNA表达水平。结果:DM组的血糖、24 h尿蛋白量和肾脏指数均显著高于NC组(P0.05)。与NC组相比,DM组大鼠肾组织的LC3I和LC3II水平明显降低(P0.05)。PTEN主要分布于肾小管上皮细胞中,DM组PTEN蛋白的表达水平明显低于NC组(P0.05)。DM大鼠肾组织中,PTEN/AKT/m TOR通路的活性增高。结论:糖尿病大鼠肾脏组织中细胞自噬水平下降,而参与自噬调控的PTEN/AKT/m TOR通路活性升高,提示其自噬水平的变化可能受到PTEN/AKT/m TOR通路的调节。     

Inhibition of γ-secretase by retinoic acid chalcone (RAC) induces G2/M arrest and triggers apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma

The present study was devised to investigate the effect of RAC on inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis along with cell cycle examination. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used for the detection of expression levels of Notch1 and Jagged1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and normal kidney tissues. The results revealed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis at 30 μM concentration of RAC after 72 h. In ACHN and 769-P cells, the population in G2/M phase was increased to 45.27, and 54.23% respectively on treatment with 30 μM RAC for 72 h. In 769-P and ACHN renal carcinoma cells treatment with 30 μM RAC caused 69.71 and 59.27% of the cells to undergo apoptosis compared to 5.23 and 4.93% respectively in control cells. The positive staining rates of Notch1 and Jagged1 in renal carcinoma tissues were 95.3 and 93.0% compared to normal kidney tissues 36.4 and 42.4% respectively. Treatment of renal carcinoma tissues caused a significant decrease in staining rates of Notch1 and Jagged1 after 96 h. Thus RAC can be a potent agent in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.     

锌指转录因子Snail 1在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达

目的： 观察锌指转录因子Snail 1在糖尿病大鼠肾组织中的表达并探讨其与糖尿病肾病（DN）发生、发展的关系。方法: 链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱发大鼠糖尿病（DM），分为2、4、8、12、16、20、24周以及16周A、20周A和24周A组，其中A组动物从第13周起用胰岛素控制血糖至正常水平，每个时点均设鼠龄匹配的正常对照组。测定各组血糖、24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐（Scr）、肾脏指数。PAS染色光镜观察肾脏病理改变。免疫组化、RT-PCR方法检测肾皮质Snail 1和纤连蛋白（FN）的蛋白及mRNA水平，Western blotting检测Snail 1蛋白表达。结果: DM各组大鼠的血糖、24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐、肾脏指数明显高于正常对照组（P<0.05,P<0.01），A组上述指标均明显低于DM组（P<0.05,P<0.01）。Snail 1免疫组化阳性染色见于各组DM大鼠肾小管，正常对照组未见阳性表达，A组见弱阳性表达，并随治疗时间延长而减少。DM组肾皮质Snail 1、FN蛋白和mRNA的表达水平高于正常对照组（P<0.01），而A组显著低于DM组（P<0.01）。Snail 1与FN mRNA的表达水平呈显著正相关（P<0.01），Snail 1蛋白表达水平与血糖、尿蛋白、血肌酐、肾脏指数亦呈正相关（ P<0.01）。结论: Snail 1基因和蛋白在DM大鼠肾组织过度表达，提示Snail 1可能参与了DN的发生、发展机制。     

Blockade of the Notch1/Jagged1 pathway in Kupffer cells aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury of orthotopic liver transplantation in mice

Abstract

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a risk factor for early graft dysfunction and an obstacle to expanding donor pool in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Kupffer cells (KCs) are the largest antigen-presenting cell (APC) group and the primary modulators of inflammation in liver tissues. The vital role of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway in mouse OLT model has been reported, however, its potential therapeutic mechanism is unknown. Here, we made use of short hairpin RNA-Jagged1 and AAV-Jagged1 to explore the effects of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway in OLT. In vitro, blockade of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway downregulated the expression of Hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) gene, which in turn increased the proinflammatory effects of KCs. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway were induced by inhibiting Hes1/gene of phosphate and tension/protein kinase B/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B (Hes1/PTEN/AKT/TLR4/NF-κB) axis in KCs. In vivo, we used a well-established mouse model of OLT to mimic clinical transplantation. Mice were stochastically divided into 6 groups: Sham group (n?=?15); Normal saline (NS) group (n?=?15); Adeno-associated virus–green fluorescent protein (AAV-GFP) group (n?=?15); AAV-Jagged1 group (n?=?15); Clodronate liposome (CL) group (n = 15); CL+AAV-Jagged1 group (n = 15) . After OLT the liver damage in AAV-Jagged1 group were significantly accentuated compared to the AAV-GFP group. While blockade of Jagged1 aftet clearence of KCs by CL would not lead to further liver injuries. Taken together, our study demonstrated that blockade of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway aggravates inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via Hes1/PTEN/AKT/TLR4/NF-κB in KCs, and the blockade of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway in donor liver increased neutrophil/macrophage infiltration and hepatocellular apoptosis, which suggested the function of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway in mouse OLT and highlighted the protective function of Notch1/Jagged1 pathway in liver transplantation.     

Raf激酶抑制蛋白和p-ERK在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织中的表达及意义

 目的:探讨Raf激酶抑制蛋白(Raf kinase inhibitor protein,RKIP)和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-ERK)在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织中的表达及意义。方法:40只Sprague-Dawley （SD）大鼠随机分为2组:正常对照组（N组）和糖尿病肾病组（M组）。苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin, HE）和过碘酸-雪夫（periodic acid-Schiff,PAS）染色观察肾组织病理改变,免疫组化方法检测各组肾组织RKIP和p-ERK1/2表达,Western blotting 检测各组RKIP和p-ERK1/2的表达。结果:M组大鼠随着病程的延长,血糖升高,出现蛋白尿,肾重增加,肾组织内p-ERK1/2明显增高,RKIP降低,与N组相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论: RKIP表达的减少及p-ERK的表达增加可能促进糖尿病肾病的进展。