恶性淋巴瘤的细胞遗传学研究

采用改良法制备了４０例活检淋巴结染色体标本，有３５例获得满意分裂相。分析结果表明：淋巴结良性疾患的染色体以正常二倍体为主；恶性淋巴瘤（ＭＬ）实体瘤染色体均失去正常核型，其数目及结构畸变明显，可涉及至６，１４，８，３，１１，１８，１，１３号等染色体。在反复出现的８个标记染色体中，如１４ｑ＋，ｔ（１１；１４），ｔ（８；１４），ｔ（１４；１８），ｄｅｌ（１）（ｐ１３—ｔｅｒ），１３ｑ＋等，有４个组成与１４号染色体有关，提示１４ｑ３２的断裂重排与ＭＬ的发生可能有关；在何杰金病（ＨＤ）中ｄｅｌ（１）（ｐ１３－ｔｅｒ），１３ｑ＋出现较多，提示１ｐ１３，１３ｑ３３的断裂重排可能与ＨＤ的发生存在一定关系。     

肝外胆管癌瘤细胞染色体的结构畸变

目的 研究肝外胆管癌瘤细胞染色体结构畸变方式和畸变率，筛选肝外胆管癌标记染色体，定位肝外胆管癌相关基因。方法 用比较基因组杂交（CGH）和光谱核型分析（SKY）技术检测12例肝外胆管癌组织瘤细胞染色体结构畸变方式和畸变率。结果 肝外胆管癌瘤细胞多条染色体存在结构畸变，畸变方式以片段重复和丢失为主，重复集中在1q，3q，8q，15q和17q，丢失主要发生在3p，4q，6q，9p，17p和18q，其中丢失率最高的2个区段分别为3p13-p21和9p21-pter（各41．7％）。结论 肝外胆管癌瘤细胞染色体存在明显结构畸变，为进一步定位肝外胆管癌发生发展相关基因靶位点提供科学依据。     

人体小细胞肺癌细胞系LTEP—sm的细胞遗传学研究

应用G显带技术对我国第一个小细胞肺癌细胞系(SCLC)LTEP-sm进行细胞遗传学研究,共分析分散及显带良好的55代和99代中期相细胞各30个,并对55代及99代各50个中期相细胞进行染色体计数。结果表明,该细胞系55代细胞染色体众数为51～53条,99代为51～54条,基本是一亚三倍体。恒定出现的标记染色体有6个,其中3号染色体短臂缺失即del3p14-23在30个中期相中高达26(55代)及28(99代)个;另5个标记染色体是t(1;15)(1qter→1p22∷15p12→15qter),del(1)(qter→p31:),del(7)(pter→q31:),t(6;9)(6pter→6q14∷9q21→9qter),del(12)(qter→p12.3:)。99代细胞的染色体众数与55代基本一致,且标记染色体完全相同,表明该细胞系遗传结构稳定。     

A cytogenetic study of five rare karyotypes

Summary The results of chromosme analysis of 5 cases from our genetic counseling showed that among these patients, 4 had two or more repeated spontaneous abortions. Structural abnormalities with the karyotypes 46, XX, t(1;11)(q42;q13), 46, XY, t(l7:19)(q21;pl3.3), 46.XY, t(4;5)(p13;q35) were reported for the first time in the literature abroad. The karyotypes 46, XX, t(l6;18)(q24;q21), 46,XX, t(3;8)(p21;q24.3) were reported for the first time in the literature at home, A discussion is made on the origin of chromosome aberration and the cause of repeated spontaneous abortions.     

五例罕见异常核型的细胞遗传学研究

本文从遗传咨询中对5例患者作染色体分析,其中4例曾有2次或2次以上反复自然流产史,结果发现染色体结构异常46,XX,t(1;11)(q42;q13)、46,XY,t(17;19)(q21;p13.3)、46,XY,t(4;5)(p13;q35)为世界首报;46,XX,t(16;18)(q24;q21)、46,XX,t(3;8)(p21;q24.3)核型是国内首次报道。本文对染色体畸变及反复自然_流产的来源和原因进行了讨论。     

慢性粒细胞白血病染色体异常的研究

目的 研究慢性粒细胞性白血病急变过程中基因组的异常,方法 对１５例急变期,３例加速期和２０例慢性期的患者进行了常规细胞遗传学分析,用比较基因组杂交和双色染色体涂抹的方法。结果 在所有被研究的病例中均检测到费城染色体,其中１５例演进病例中有１２例还伴有其它的染色体数量和／或结构的异常,而２０例慢性期中仅５例伴其它异常。染色体数量变化是Ｐｈ染色体双体或三体（５／１４例）和８号染色体三体（５／１４）,另     

人肺腺癌细胞系PC84045细胞遗传学研究

本研究运用染色体显带技术对人肺腺癌细胞系PC84045进行了细胞遗传学研究。结果表明,该细胞系是一个亚三倍体,染色体众数为66,染色体数目和结构存在众多异常。多倍体细胞占19/144,C-后期核型占22/144。结构异常包括双着丝粒染色体、染色单体裂隙、染色体裂隙及染色体断片、三射体、粉碎化染色体等。还可见比染色体断片小得多的微小体。本文确定了该细胞系的7个标记染色体,涉及的主要断裂点包括3q11和3p21、1p11和1p13,12p13及7q32,并对这些断裂点在肿瘸发生中的意义进行了讨论。     

Complex t(8;13;21)(q22;q14;q22)--a novel variant of t(8;21) in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M2)

Variants of the t(8;21)(q22;q22) involving chromosome 8, 21, and other chromosomes account for about 3% of all t(8;21)(q22;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. We report a case of AML-M2 with t(8;13;21)(q22;q14;q22), not reported earlier. Using a dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with ETO and AML1 probes, we demonstrate an ETO/AML1 fusion signal on the derivative chromosome 8. Whole chromosome painting probes were used for chromosomes 8 and 13, to demonstrate the three-way translocation t(8;13;21)(q22;q14;q22). Involvement of chromosome region 13q14 has never been reported earlier, although region 13q12 as a variant in AML with t(8;21) has been reported earlier. The possible role of genes in this region in leukemogenesis, its response to the treatment and its clinical implications are discussed.     

荧光原位杂交检测骨髓增生异常综合征患者染色体复杂核型变化及临床意义的研究

目的:探讨骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者复杂核型变化及其临床意义。方法:在常规细胞遗传学(CC)方法检测基础上,运用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH),采用多种位点特异性DNA探针(染色体全染、特殊位点、双色易位融合探针)对35例MDS患者进行染色体核型分析。结果:35例MDS患者中有24例出现染色体异常,包括染色体数目及结构的异常,阳性率占68.6%。其中6例出现5号染色体单体或5号染色体长臂丢失;4例出现7号染色体单体或7号染色体长臂丢失;1例出现等臂7号染色体;2例出现8号染色体三倍体;3例出现Y染色体丢失;2例出现16号染色体倒位;5例出现复杂的染色体易位,包括t(6;?),(t8;21)(q22;q22),(t7;?),der(19)(t19;?)(q13.3;?),der(9)(t9;?)(p11;?)(t6;9),(t8;14),(t1;8)。结论:FISH技术在MDS染色体核型分析上可作为重要技术补充手段弥补CC检查的不足,对MDS准确诊断分型、合理治疗方法的选择乃至对预后的评估都具有重要的临床意义。     

骨髓增生异常综合征的染色体变化和病态造血

本文用短期培养法,G显带技术研究51例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者骨髓核型变化,并用记分法定量研究46例MDS的病态造血的程度。结果表明,克隆性染色体异常率为49％,最常见的异常为 8。检出染色体均染区2例,提示癌基因扩增;检出自发性早熟凝聚染色体6例,与多核细胞及多倍体细胞相关。发现病态造血严重者其核型异常率也较高。     

抑癌基因WAF1在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达及其意义

采用免疫组织化学技术，对５９例卵巢上皮性肿瘤及１１例正常卵巢组织中Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦ１蛋白的表达进行对比研究，结果显示：Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦ１蛋白在上皮性卵巢癌中表达下调，且与肿瘤细胞的分化程度，淋巴转移及患者的预后有关；它的缺失可能影响整个卵巢癌的发生和发展过程     

染色体平衡易位与异常孕产关系的研究(附3例世界首报染色体异常核型)

目的 探讨染色体平衡易位与异常孕产的关系。方法 采用外周血淋巴细胞培养和染色体G显带分析，对490对有异常孕产史的夫妇进行染色体检查。结果 检出染色体平衡易位携带者35例；常染色体相互易位25例，罗伯逊易位9例，复杂易位1例，其中3例世界首报异常核型。分别为46，XX，t(1；5）（q32;q13)、46，XY，t(3;12)（q23;q24)和46，XX，t(11,12)(q23;p13)。结论 染色体平衡易位携带者的异常孕产以孕早期自然流产为主要表现，不平衡染色体在胚胎发育中产生遗传学的剂量效应，导致胚胎早期丢失的风险增大。     

Chromosomal imbalances revealed in primary rhabdomyo- sarcomas by comparative genomic hybridization

Background Previous cytogenetic studies revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. We profiled chromosomal imbalances aberrations varied among the three subtypes of n the different subtypes and investigated the relationships between clinical parameters and genomic aberrations. Methods Comparative genomic hybridization was used to investigate genomic imbalances in 25 cases of primary rhabdomyosarcomas and two rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Specimens were reviewed to determine histological type, pathological grading and clinical staging. Results Changes involving one or more regions of the genome were seen in all rhabdomyosarcomal patients. For rhabdomyosarcoma, DNA sequence gains were most frequently （〉30%） seen in chromosomes 2p, 12q, 6p, 9q, 10q, lp, 2q, 6q, 8q, 15q and 18q; losses from 3p, 11p and 6p. In aggressive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, frequent gains were seen on chromosomes 12q, 2p, 6p, 2q, 4q, 10q and 15q; losses from 3p, 6p, lq and 5q. For embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma, frequent gains were on 7p, 9q, 2p, 18q, lp and 8q; losses only from 11p. Frequently gained chromosome arms of translocation associated with rhabdomyosarcoma were 12q, 2, 6, 10q, 4q and 15q; losses from 3p, 6p and 5q. The frequently gained chromosome arms of nontranslocation associated with rhabdomyosarcoma were 2p, 9q and 18q, while 11p and 14q were the frequently lost chromosome arms. Gains on chromosome 12q were significantly correlated with translocation type. Gains on chromosome 9q were significantly correlated with clinical staging. Conclusions Gains on chromosomes 2p, 12q, 6p, 9q, 10q, lp, 2q, 6q, 8q, 15q and 18q and losses on chromosomes 3p, 11p and 6p may be related to rhabdomyosarcomal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, gains on chromosome 12q may be correlated with translocation and gains on chromosome 9q with the early stages of rhabdomyosarcoma.     

42例慢性粒细胞白血病额外染色体异常的临床分析

目的探讨慢性粒细胞性白血病(CML)继发额外染色体异常临床经过与预后的关系。方法对42例CML患者从初诊到急变6个月至8年病程期间，采用短期培养法进行骨髓细胞染色体分析，并动态观察染色体变化。结果42例CML初诊时均出现pH染色体，11例在加速期和急变期出现均不相同的额外染色体异常，除 8、 21、i(17q)和2ph国内有报道外，r(2)、t(8；20)、t(3；11)、t(2；3)、t(10，18)及del(16)(q11)、 12等异常属少见。结论CML病程中继发额外染色体异常无克隆性特征，但可预示CML疾病的恶化，经过凶险，预后不良。     

High frequency loss of heterozygosity on the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Southern China

目的：分析鼻咽癌（NPC）13号染色体长臂（13q）和14号染色体长臂（14q）上21个位点的等位基因杂合子丢失（LOH）,并分析这些位点的LOH与NPC临床病理及EBV感染的关系。方法：用聚合酶链反应（PCR）为基础的微卫星多态性分析技术结合基因扫描和基因绘图技术对60例NPC进行LOH分析。结果：13q染色体发生一个或多个位点LOH频率为78％,高频率LOH（大于30％）位点集中于13q12.3-q14.3和13q32附近。14q染色体发生至少一个位点LOH的频率为80％,高频率丢失位点集中于14q11-q13、1q421-q24和14q32附近。13q31-q32位点的LOH与低滴度血清EBV EA/IgA有关;14q染色体的LOH与NPC细胞的分化差有关。结论：华南地区鼻咽癌在13q和14q染色体发生高频率的LOH,这些缺失区可能存在多个在NPC发生发展过程中起重要作用的肿瘤抑制基因。     

荧光原位杂交法快速诊断早孕期常见染色体数目畸变

荧光原位杂交技术（ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ ｈｙｂｒｉｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ＦＩＳＨ）已逐步应用于产前常见染色体数目畸变诊断。本文报道应用１３、１８和２１号染色体区域特异性探针对５２８例未经培养的早孕期绒毛间质细胞进行原位杂交，并同时行常规细胞遗传学分析以平行诊断。结果表明，探针相应的染色体数目正常标本中，只有约１％（０－１８％）间期核呈现三个杂交信号，而在三体或三倍体细胞本中显示三个     

Genome-wide allelotype study of primary glioblastoma multiforme

Objective To investigate the molecular genetic pathogenesis of primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and identify which chromosomes or chromosomal regions of the entire genome may harbor tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) associated with GBM.Methods A high-resolution allelotype study of 21 cases of primary GBM was performed by PCR-based loss of heterozygosity （LOH）analysis. Three hundred and eighty-two fluorescent dye-labeled microsatellite markers covering all 22 autosomes were applied. The mean genetic distance between two flanking markers was about 10 cM.Results LOH was observed on all 39 nonacrocentric autosomal arms examined in this study. The LOH frequencies of 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q were the highest (>50%). Furthermore, high LOH frequencies were detected in the regions containing known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and RB; the LOH frequencies on 14q, 3q, 22q, 11p, 9q, 19q were also high (>40.5%). Our study observed the following commonly deleted regions: 9p22-23, 10p12.2-14, 10q21.3, 13q12.1-14.1, 13q14.3-31, 17p11.2-12, 17p13, 3q25.2-26.2, 11p12-13, 14q13-31, 14q32.1, 14q11.1-13, 22q13.3, 4q35, 4q31.1-31.2, 6q27 and 6q21-23.3. Conclusions The molecular pathogenesis of GBM is very complicated and associated with a variety of genetic abnormalities on many chromosomal arms. The most closely related chromosomal arms to the pathogenesis of GBM are 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q. Besides the well-known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and RB, multiple unknown TSGs associated with GBM may be present on the commonly deleted regions detected in the present study.     

Array comparative genomic hybridization characterization of prenatally detected de novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocations with or without genomic imbalance in other chromosomes

We present our experience of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) characterization of two cases of prenatally detected de novo simple and complex apparently balanced reciprocal translocations. Amniocentesis of the first case revealed a complex chromosome rearrangement and a karyotype of 46,XY,t(5;8;6)(q11.2;p23.1;q22.32)dn. aCGH of amniocytes revealed no genomic imbalance. Ultrasound findings were unremarkable. The pregnancy was carried to term, and pediatric follow-ups were normal at 3 months of age. Amniocentesis of the second case revealed a simple reciprocal translocation and a karyotype of 46,XY,t(3;11)(q14;q23)dn. aCGH of amniocytes revealed a 1.32-Mb microduplication in chromosome 2p12 [arr cgh 2p12 (75,245,747-76,563,965)×3] encompassing the genes of TACR1, FAM176A, MRPL19, and C2orf3. Ultrasound findings were unremarkable. The pregnancy was carried to term, and the pediatric follow-ups were normal at 8 months of age. In cases of prenatally detected de novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocations, cryptic intrachromosomal rearrangements may exist in addition to the cytogenetically visible structural chromosome aberrations. aCGH is useful not only in identifying the genomic imbalances at the breakpoints, but also in detecting unexpectedly complex rearrangements in other chromosomes.     

100例多发性骨髓瘤患者细胞遗传学分析

目的 总结我国多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的细胞遗传学特点及其临床意义。方法 回顾性分析我院100例MM患者的细胞遗传学结果。结果 （1）患者总体的克隆性染色体畸变（CA）检出率为17．2％;纳入亚克隆后CA检出率为37．0％;其中哑二倍体最多见;13号染色体异常（C13A）检出率为6．0％,其荧光原位杂交（FISH）检出率为33．3％;14号染色体易位和／或14q32异常检出率6．0％;（2）单因素分析示克隆性CA、非超二倍体和C13A都使患者的总体生存时间（OS）和疾病进展时间（TTP）显著缩短;多因素分析中仅C13A具有独立预后意义。结论 C13A、非超二倍体、超二倍体、免疫球蛋白重链（IgH）易位等CA在我国MM患者中具有重现性。预后分析湿示C13A是独立预后不良因素。