骶髂关节螺钉联合前环耻骨支螺钉在Tile B型骨盆骨折中的应用

目的 :探讨微创经皮骨盆前环耻骨支螺钉固定在Tile B型骨折中的应用及疗效。方法 :回顾性分析自2010年5月至2015年8月收治的骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折患者56例,其中男31例,女25例;年龄35~65岁,平均36.8岁。按Tile分型:B1型13例,B2型28例,B3型15例。26例采用骶髂螺钉联合外固定架治疗(外固定架组),30例采用骶髂螺钉联合前柱螺钉治疗(耻骨支螺钉组),从术中出血量、术后并发症、术后下地时间、骨折愈合情况、Majeed骨盆功能评分和视觉模拟评分(visual aualogue scale,VAS)等方面进行对比分析。结果:54例获得随访,时间3~24个月,平均12个月,两组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),耻骨支螺钉组术后下床时间、骨折愈合时间明显短于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组术后平均Majeed及VAS评分明显高于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组并发症发生率明显低于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :骶髂螺钉联合经皮耻骨支螺钉在治疗骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折的Tile B型骨盆骨折中具有术后下地时间早、疼痛减轻、并发症少等优点,是一种有效安全的治疗方法,能提高术后肢体功能,且有效减少术后并发症的发生。     

Vertically unstable pelvic fractures fixed with percutaneous iliosacral screws: does posterior injury pattern predict fixation failure?

OBJECTIVE: To measure the failure rate of percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation of vertically unstable pelvic fractures and particularly to test the hypothesis that fixations in which the posterior injury is a vertical fracture of the sacrum are more likely to fail than fixations with dislocations or fracture-dislocations of the sacroiliac joint. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Level 1 trauma center. METHODS: All patients with pelvic fractures admitted between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1998, were identified from the trauma registry. Hospital records were used to identify patients treated with iliosacral screws. Radiologic studies were examined to identify patients who had unequivocally vertically unstable pelvic fractures. Immediate postoperative and follow-up anteroposterior, inlet, and outlet radiographs from a minimum of 12 months postinjury were examined. Position, length, and numbers of iliosacral screws and any evidence of screw failure (eg, bending or breakage) were recorded. Residual postoperative displacement and late displacement of the posterior pelvis were measured. The main outcome measure was failure, defined as at least 1cm of combined vertical displacement of the posterior pelvis compared with immediate postoperative position. The main analysis was for association between fracture pattern and failure. Patient demographic data, iliosacral screw position, and anterior pelvic fixation method also were studied. RESULTS: The study group comprised 62 patients with unequivocally vertically unstable pelvic fractures in whom the posterior injury was treated with closed reduction and percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation. Of patients, 32 had dislocations or fracture-dislocations of the sacroiliac joint, and 30 had vertical fractures of the sacrum. Fixation failed in four patients, all with vertical sacral fractures and all within the first 3 weeks after surgery. These four patients required revision fixation. In two further cases with vertical sacral fractures, there was evidence that the fracture had only barely been held by the fixation, but these fractures healed, and follow-up radiographs did not meet the displacement criteria for failure. A vertical sacral fracture pattern was associated significantly with failure (Fisher exact test, P = 0.04); the excess risk of failure compared with sacroiliac joint injury was 13% (95% confidence interval 1% to 25%). There was no significant association between failure and anterior fixation method, iliosacral screw arrangement or length, or any demographic or injury variable. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation is a useful technique in the management of vertically unstable pelvic fractures, but a vertical sacral fracture should make the surgeon more wary of fixation failure and loss of reduction.     

The influence of sacral morphology on the existence of secure S1 and S2 transverse bone corridors for iliosacroiliac screw fixation

Sacroiliac (SI) screw fixation for unstable pelvic fractures stands out as the only minimally invasive method among all other ORIF procedures. A strictly transverse screw trajectory is needed for central or bilateral fracture patterns up to a complete iliosacroiliac fixation. However, secure screw insertion is aggravated by a narrow sacroiliac bone stock. This study investigates the influence of a highly variable sacral morphology to the existence of S1 and S2 transverse corridors.     

Pseudoaneurysm of the superior gluteal artery during iliosacral screw fixation

We present a case of a pseudoaneurysm of the superior gluteal artery following placement of an iliosacral screw in a patient with an unstable pelvic ring fracture. Percutaneous fixation of posterior pelvic ring injuries is becoming a popular method for pelvic stabilization. Several techniques are available t achieve stability and allow early mobilization in patients with displaced pelvic fractures. Percutaneous screw fixation of sacral fractures or sacroiliac joint disruptions should reduce operative and anaesthesia times as well as blood loss, while lowering the risk of surgical wound problems are decreased. The risks with this technique are generally iatrogenic, related with surgeon's lack of experience or imaging difficulties at the time of screw placement. The present case report describes an injury to the superior gluteal arterial system during percutaneous iliosacral screw insertion.     

经皮骶髂螺钉固定技术治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的疗效评价

目的评价经皮骶髂螺钉技术在不稳定骨盆骨折治疗中的安全性及疗效。方法2003年3月-2007年1月，收治15例Tile C型骨盆骨折患者。男6例，女9例；年龄21～56岁。车祸伤8例，高处坠落伤6例，压砸伤1例。伤后至就诊时间4h～3d。耻骨骨折合并骶骨骨折7例，髂骨骨折合并骶骨骨折2例，耻骨骨折合并骶髂关节脱位4例，前环耻骨骨折、后环骶骨骨折合并骶髂关节脱位2例。采用经皮骶髂螺钉技术固定骨盆后环，合并的前环损伤中7例采用外固定支架固定，3例钢板固定，5例钢板联合外固定支架固定。结果15例住院16～33d，平均22．4d。除4例同时行髋臼骨折固定患者术中失血量1000～1500mL，余失血约50mL。手术时间60～305min，平均153．6min。15例均获随访6个月～3年，平均18个月。根据Matta评分标准，优14例，良1例。最后1次随访时，X线片示患者骨折均愈合，平均28．8个月。1例骨折愈合后骶髂螺钉松动，3例腰骶部劳累后疼痛，2例轻度跛行，均未作特殊处理。9例恢复原工作，3例改变工作，3例仍未工作。Majeed功能评分，优11例，良4例，优良率100％。结论经皮骶髂螺钉固定技术可重建骨盆后环的稳定性，可获得良好的功能康复，同时手术并发症发生率低及创伤小，是不稳定骨盆骨折后环稳定性重建的良好方法之一。     

Die bildwandergestützte, perkutane transiliosakrale Schraubenfixation instabiler Beckenverletzungen

OBJECTIVE: Closed reduction and retention of translatory unstable pelvic injuries (type C injuries), in order to restore the form and function of the posterior pelvis by percutaneous iliosacral screw osteosynthesis, using conventional fluoroscopy. INDICATIONS: Definitive treatment of the posterior pelvis in type C injuries (AO classification) with complete sacral fracture, sacroiliac joint (SI joint) dislocation, transiliac or transsacral dislocation fracture of the SI joint with insignificant small fragment and sacroiliac avulsion injuries which can be reduced almost anatomically in closed technique. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Poor general health, local soft-tissue damage, rotationally unstable type B pelvic injuries as well as type C injuries which cannot be reduced satisfactorily in closed technique. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Closed reduction, stab incision and percutaneous stabilization of the posterior pelvis by transiliosacral screw osteosynthesis, guided by fluoroscopy. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Partial loading of the injured side with 15 kg for 8-12 weeks with two underarm crutches. Implant removal 6-12 months after injury. RESULTS: 20 patients with a transforaminal sacral fracture consistent with a type C pelvic injury underwent screw fixation with fluoroscopy with 7.3-mm cannulated screws, placed in a transiliosacral position in the vertebral body of S1. The average preoperative displacement of 3.8 mm was decreased by closed reduction to 1.6 mm postoperatively. The average operating time was 55 min, the average screening time 2.22 min. Incorrect screw position with no consequences was observed in three patients; iatrogenic nerve damage was not found. All fractures healed within 3 months.     

Effect of the subcutaneous route for iliac screw insertion in lumbopelvic fixation for vertical unstable sacral fractures on the infection rate: A retrospective case series

ObjectiveTo report the perioperative results and surgical outcomes of patients with vertical unstable sacral fractures who underwent lumbopelvic fixation through a modified subcutaneous route for iliac screw fixation.Summary of background dataTreating vertical unstable sacral fractures is still challenging for orthopedic surgeons. Among various methods for treating these fractures, lumbopelvic fixation provides a high reduction quality and promising stability for early weight-bearing ambulation. However, wound healing disturbance and surgical site infection (SSI) are the drawbacks of this extensive technique, especially after inserting iliac screws.MethodsHere, we provide an alternative subcutaneous route for iliac screw insertion during lumbopelvic fixation surgery to lessen soft tissue retraction and injury, and thus decrease soft tissue complications.ResultsUsing this modified technique, 28 patients with vertical unstable sacral fractures were treated between 2012 and 2014. One patient had an SSI (infection rate: 3.5%). All fractures were united with a mean sacral kyphosis correction angle of 10.5°. The mean Majeed score of the 17 patients during the 12-month follow-up was 84.5.ConclusionsThe subcutaneous route for iliac screw insertion is a simple, safe, and effective technique when performing lumbopelvic fixation for vertical unstable sacral fractures.     

前环皮下内置外固定架联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的评估应用前环皮下内置外固定架(internal fixation,INFIX)联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法2016年8月-2017年9月,采用前环皮下INFIX联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折19例。其中男14例,女5例;年龄17~69岁,平均40.6岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤11例,高处坠落伤5例,重物砸伤3例。骨折根据Tile分型,B1型2例,B2型6例,C型11例。前环损伤包括双侧耻骨坐骨支骨折12例,单侧耻骨坐骨支骨折5例,耻骨联合分离2例;后环损伤包括骶髂韧带损伤2例,单侧髂骨骨折3例,单侧骶骨骨折11例,单侧骶髂关节脱位2例,双侧骶骨骨折1例。受伤至手术时间2~11 d,平均6.1 d。记录术中出血量及手术时间,观察骨折愈合情况及术后并发症情况。采用Matta评分标准评价骨折复位情况,采用Majeed评分标准评估患者术后功能。结果患者手术时间为47~123 min,平均61.4 min;术中出血量为50~115 mL,平均61.1 mL。术后1例发生植钉处切口浅表感染,1例发生单侧股外侧皮神经激惹,经相应处理后治愈或症状消失。无泌尿系统、生殖系统及肠道等损伤。所有患者均获随访,随访时间12~25个月,平均18.1个月。术后骨折均愈合,愈合时间8~13周,平均9.5周;无骨折不愈合、延迟愈合,内固定物松动、断裂等情况发生。2例术前腰骶丛神经损伤患者中,1例功能完全恢复,1例残留轻度跛行症状。末次随访时采用Matta评分标准评价骨折复位情况,获优13例、良6例,优良率100%;采用Majeed评分标准评价功能,获优15例、良4例,优良率100%。结论应用前环皮下INFIX联合后环骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定骨盆骨折临床疗效满意,并发症较少,是一种微创治疗骨盆环损伤的有效方法。     

经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折

目的：通过回顾性病例分析探讨应用经皮骶髂螺钉治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的技术要点及治疗效果。方法：2002年6月至2009年8月应用骶髂螺钉固定技术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折54例,获随访46例,男32例,女14例;年龄19～64岁,平均36.4岁。受伤至手术时间7～11d,平均8.5d。所有病例有垂直移位,移位8～40mm,平均28.5mm。术前大重量牵引,复位后在透视下应用骶髂螺钉固定技术以7.3mm空心钉过髂骨、骶髂关节、达S1椎体固定。术后患者均摄X线片,按Matta标准评价骨折复位情况,采用Majeed功能评分进行临床评价。结果：46例得到随访,时间1.5～3年,平均29个月;骨折均完全愈合,平均5.2个月恢复正常生活能力。按照Matta复位标准：优40例,良6例。根据Majeed疗效评价标准：优32例,良12例,一般2例。无严重血管损伤并发症。结论：严格掌握适应证及手术方法,经皮骶髂螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折创伤小、恢复快,效果确实,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

髂骨钉棒固定治疗单侧不稳定性DenisⅠ、Ⅱ区骶骨骨折

目的探讨后路髂骨钉棒固定治疗单侧不稳定性DenisⅠ、Ⅱ区骶骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年3月至2018年10月治疗50例单侧不稳定性DenisⅠ、Ⅱ区骶骨骨折患者资料。根据置钉及固定方式分为髂骨钉棒固定组(简称髂骨钉棒组)和机器人辅助骶髂螺钉置入组(简称骶髂螺钉组),其中髂骨钉棒组20例,男13例,女7例,年龄(41.10±14.07)岁(范围,22~76岁);骶骨骨折Denis分型,Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型15例;均合并骨盆前环损伤,骨盆Tile分型,B1型2例,B2型12例,C1型6例;3例合并骶神经损伤,Gibbons分级Ⅱ级。骶髂螺钉组30例,男18例,女12例;年龄(44.70±13.35)岁(范围,16~78岁);骶骨骨折Denis分型,Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型24例;均合并骨盆前环损伤,骨盆Tile分型,B1型2例,B2型20例,C1型8例;4例合并骶神经损伤,Gibbons分级,3例Ⅱ级,1例Ⅲ级。两组患者年龄、手术时间、术中出血量、透视次数、Majeed评分比较采用独立样本t检验;骨折复位质量比较采用卡方检验;骶神经损伤恢复Gibbons分级比较采用秩和检验。结果两组患者均获得随访,随访时间22.8个月(范围,12~40个月)。髂骨钉棒组手术时间(41.40±7.30)min;术中出血(105.00±61.94)ml;术中透视(19.10±7.33)次;根据Mears和Velyvis影像学评价标准,9例解剖复位,10例复位满意,1例复位不满意;Majeed评分(84.25±8.29)分;术前3例GibbonsⅡ级骶神经损伤,术后2例恢复为Ⅰ级。骶髂螺钉组手术时间(18.27±5.89)min;术中出血(33.00±17.54)ml;术中透视(14.93±4.49)次;术后15例解剖复位,13例复位满意,2例复位不满意;Majeed评分(86.43±7.43)分;术前3例GibbonsⅡ级骶神经损伤,其中2例术后恢复为Ⅰ级,术前1例Ⅲ级损伤,术后恢复为Ⅱ级。与骶髂螺钉组比较,髂骨钉棒组手术时间长(t=-12.36,P<0.001)、出血量多(t=-6.04,P<0.001)、透视次数多(t=-2.50,P=0.016),以上各指标比较差异均有统计学意义。术后髂骨钉棒组与骶髂螺钉组在骨折复位质量(χ^2=0.23,P=0.89)、Majeed评分(t=0.97,P=0.34)、Gibbons分级(Z=-0.224,P=0.82)比较,差异均无统计学意义。术后髂骨钉棒组1例发生单侧伤口表浅感染,1例诉钉尾部不适;骶髂螺钉组1例发生S1神经损伤。结论对于单侧不稳定性DenisⅠ、Ⅱ区骶骨骨折且不适合使用骶髂螺钉固定者,采用后路髂骨钉棒固定操作简单,术后疗效满意,与使用机器人辅助骶髂螺钉固定相似。     

经皮空心骶髂螺钉LX内固定技术的临床应用

目的：探讨经皮空心骶髂拉力螺钉LX内固定技术的临床应用。方法：采用体表定位结合螺旋CT和C形臂引导，经皮空心骶髂拉力螺钉LX内固定技术治疗31例无重要神经血管损伤的B型骨盆创伤及5例骶髂关节炎．2例骶骨囊性病变。男27例，女11例；年龄18-59岁，平均35．6岁。31例骨盆骨折按AO分类：B1型11例、B2型15例、B3型5例。术前摄骨盆CR片及骨盆前后环螺旋CT扫描，进行容积重建及横断面、冠状面、矢状面重建和骶骨曲面重建检查，其中隐匿性后环损伤28例。应用该技术结合经皮植骨骶髂关节融合术治疗5例骶髂关节炎，2例骶骨囊性病变。结果：术中失血25-70ml，平均36ml。38例均获得随访，时间3～39个月，平均15．6月。无感染、骨折不愈合、医源性神经血管损伤及内植物断裂、滑脱等并发症。依据骨盆创伤疗效标准，术后影像学评价优34例，良4例；临床评价优32例，良6例。结论：对于骶髂关节痛损，经皮空心骶髂拉力螺钉LX内固定技术安全可靠、手术创伤小、并发症少、生物力学稳定性好、康复快。     

机器人导航定位系统辅助经皮骶髂螺钉治疗骨盆后环不稳定型损伤的临床研究

背景:机器人导航定位系统GD-2000是国内自主研发的基于术中X线透视影像的双平面骨科机器人系统,可用于辅助完成经皮股骨颈空心螺钉和骶髂螺钉置入的内固定术。目的:探讨机器人导航定位系统辅助完成经皮骶髂螺钉内固定术的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年8月收治的21例骨盆骨折后环不稳定型损伤患者,均采用机器人导航定位系统辅助经皮骶髂螺钉内固定术,男16例,女5例;年龄27~52岁,平均(38.2±6.9)岁。按Tile分型,B1型7例,B2型6例,B3型5例,C1型3例。记录每枚螺钉的置入时间、X线透视时间、钻孔次数,术后CT检查评价螺钉置入位置,统计术后并发症发生情况,术后6个月随访进行Majeed功能评分。结果:21例患者共置入27枚螺钉,全部患者均一次钻孔完成螺钉置入,每枚螺钉置入时间为18~56 min,平均(38.6±9.5)min;X线透视时间为12~21 s,平均(16.5±3.5)s。所有螺钉位置满意,无螺钉切出骨皮质、误入骶孔或骶管,未出现医源性血管神经损伤及切口感染。术后6个月随访的Majeed评分,优14例,良6例,可1例,优良率为95.2%。结论:应用机器人导航定位系统辅助经皮骶髂螺钉内固定术具有定位准确、稳定性好、手术时间短、创伤小等优点,降低了手术风险,减少医护人员和患者的放射性损害,是一种治疗骨盆后环损伤安全而有效的技术选择。     

Prevalence of sacral dysmorphia in a prospective trauma population: Implications for a "safe" surgical corridor for sacro-iliac screw placement

Background  

Percutaneous sacro-iliac (SI) screw fixation represents a widely used technique in the management of unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries and sacral fractures. The misplacement of SI-screws under fluoroscopic guidance represents a critical complication for these patients. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of sacral dysmorphia and the radiographic anatomy of surgical S1 and S2 corridors in a representative trauma population.     

Comparison of the risk of breakage of two kinds of sacroiliac screws in the treatment of bilateral sacral fractures

Purpose

This study aimed at comparing the risk of breakage of lengthened sacroiliac screw and ordinary sacroiliac screw for the treatment of bilateral vertical sacral fractures to provide reference for clinical application.

Methods

A finite element model of type C pelvic ring injury (bilateral type Denis II fracture of sacrum) was produced. The bilateral sacral fractures were fixed with lengthened sacroiliac screw and ordinary sacroiliac screw in seven types of models, respectively. The maximal Von Mises stresses and stress distribution of the two kinds of screws in the case of standing on both feet were measured and compared.

Results

(1) Whether in lengthened sacroiliac screw or ordinary sacroiliac screw, the maximal Von Mises stress of screw fixation only in S1 segment is the largest, and the maximal Von Mises stress of screw fixation only in S2 segment is minor, and the maximal Von Mises stress of screw fixation in S1 and S2 segments, respectively, is the least. (2) When S1 and S2 were both fixed with ordinary screws, the maximal Von Mises stress of screw in S1 segment is larger than that of S2. When S1 and S2 were both fixed with lengthened screws, the maximal Von Mises stress of screw in S1 segment is similar to that of S2. (3) The maximal Von Mises stresses of bilateral symmetrical screws are similar. (4) When only S1 was fixed, the maximal Von Mises stress of lengthened screw is less than that of ordinary screw. When only S2 was fixed, the maximal Von Mises stress of lengthened screw is larger than that of ordinary screw. When S1 and S2 were both fixed, the maximal Von Mises stress of lengthened screw is slightly less than that of ordinary screw. (5) Whether in lengthened screw or ordinary screw, the stress concentrations all exhibited at the regions of screws corresponding to the sacral fracture regions and the part between sacral bilateral fracture lines. Compared with ordinary screw, the stress distribution in lengthened screw is more homogeneous. Whether in lengthened screw or ordinary screw, the stress distribution of only one sacral segment fixation is more concentrated than that of two sacral segments’ fixation. When S1 and S2 were both fixed, the stress distribution of upper screw is more concentrated and that of lower screw is more homogeneous.

Conclusion

In a finite elements simulated type C pelvic ring disruption (bilateral type Denis II sacral fracture), the breakage risk of screws fixed in double-segment bilaterally symmetrically is low, and the breakage risk of screws fixed in S2 segment is lower than that of S1 segment. The bilaterally symmetrical screw fixation in double-segment is strongly recommended to reduce the breakage risk of screws. In addition, the breakage risk of lengthened screws is lower than that of ordinary screws except when screws are fixed in only S2 segment, which merits attention.     

Radiological analysis, operative management and functional outcome of open book pelvic lesions: a 13-year cohort study

We present the clinical and radiological outcome of a 13-year cohort study of 38 open book pelvic lesions. All patients were treated in one Level I Trauma centre. In the posterior pelvis, sacro-iliac diastasis was seen in 31 patients, sacral fracture in 7. In all patients with sacro-iliac diastasis, the pubic bone was inferiorly displaced on the primary ap pelvic overview on the side of injury. All but one patient was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the symphysis pubis. Additional stabilization of the posterior pelvis was done in 9 patients. 32 patients were seen after a median follow up of 84 months. Majeed score and SF-36 questionnaire were used. Functional outcome was excellent with a mean Majeed score of 95.7. Comparing our data with the SF-36 score of the normal German population, the mean value of the ‘role-physical’ and the ‘physical function’ categories was significantly lower for patients treated with an open book lesion. There was a tendency towards a better outcome in open book lesions with sacral fracture. There was a tendency towards worse outcome for the patients with additional dorsal stabilization. Male impotence was the single most important lesion of neurological origin which persisted two years after open book lesion.

Conclusion

Functional outcome after surgical treatment of open book pelvic lesions is good. External rotation and accompanying inferior displacement of the ipsilateral hemipelvis may be a sign of partial lesion of the posterior sacroiliac complex. Identification of patients who need additional posterior stabilization remains difficult.     

Safe corridor for iliosacral and trans-sacral screw placement in Indian population: A preliminary CT based anatomical study

ObjectivesNonsurgical management of unstable pelvic ring injuries is associated with poor outcomes. Posterior pelvic ring injuries include sacroiliac joint disruption and sacral fractures or a combination of the two. Morbidity is high in non-operatively managed patients. Screw fixation is being increasingly used to manage unstable posterior pelvic injuries. Limitations include a steep learning curve and potential for neurovascular injury. This is the first study in Indian population to describe the safe corridor for screw placement and check the feasibility of screw in both upper and lower sacral segments.MethodsThis study involved retrospective analysis of 105 pelvic CT scans of patients admitted to the emergency department of a Level 1 trauma centre. Vertical height at the level of constriction (vestibule) of S1 and S2 was measured in coronal sections and anteroposterior width of constrictions was measured in axial sections. We created a trajectory for 7.3 mm cylinder keeping additional 2 mm free bony corridor around it and confirmed that bony limits were not breached in axial, coronal and sagittal sections. Whenever there was breach in bony limit we checked applicability of 6.5 mm screw.ResultsThe vertical height and anteroposterior width of vestibule/constriction of S1 was significantly higher in males, whereas S2 vestibule height and width were similar in males and females. Both male and female pelves were amenable to S1 Trans-sacral and S1 Iliosacral screw fixation with a 7.3 mm screw when a safe corridor of 2 mm was kept on all sides. However, when S2 segment was analysed, only 42.9% of male pelves and 25.7% of female pelves were amenable to insertion of trans-sacral 7.3 mm screw.ConclusionAn individualized approach is necessary and each patient’s CT must be carefully studied before embarking on sacroiliac screw fixation in Indian population.     

内置外固定架技术中辅助O-arm导航成像治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的: 探讨内置外固定架技术中辅助O-arm导航成像治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的疗效。方法: 2019年5月至2019年11月采用内置外固定架技术术中利用O-arm导航成像治疗15例不稳定骨盆骨折患者,其中男6例,女9例;年龄24~66岁;病程2~14 d。按照Tile分型:B1型1例,B2型8例,C1型3例,C2型3例。依据Young-Burgess分型:LC型8例,APC型1例,VS型4例,CM型2例。术前常规行骨盆正位、入口位、出口位X线片和骨盆CT三维重建检查,术中应用O-arm导航系统三维重建及三平面扫描成像评估术中复位效果,采用内置外固定架固定骨盆前环,骶髂螺钉、钢板螺钉或者腰髂固定后环。观察记录手术时间、术中出血量、置钉情况,采用Matta标准评价骨折复位质量,采用Majeed功能评分评估术后功能情况。结果: 所有患者术后伤口愈合佳,无血管、神经及局部刺激等相关并发症。15例均获得随访,时间10~16个月。按照骨折复位Matta评分,结果优9例,良5例,可1例;术后Majeed功能评分0~95分。结论: 内置外固定架术中辅助O-arm导航成像系统治疗不稳定骨盆骨折,术中提早评估复位效果,缩短手术时间,提高内固定物的准确性,且手术操作简便、安全,手术出血少,手术符合骨科微创医疗原则和精准医疗原则,有利于患者术后功能的恢复,实现快速康复。     

闭合复位内固定联合外固定架治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的:探讨经皮螺钉内固定联合外固定架治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法:自2006年4月至2009年5月,采用闭合复位内固定联合外固定架治疗29例旋转不稳定型骨盆骨折患者,男19例,女10例;年龄19～53岁,平均31岁。按照Tile分型:C1型17例,C2型12例。术后采用Tornetta标准和Majeed功能评分进行疗效评价。结果:29例患者均获随访,时间10～24个月,平均16个月。术后无神经损伤及盆腔脏器损伤等并发症发生,伤口愈合好,仅1例出现钉道口感染,换药后治愈。骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为14～18周,平均16.2周。未见螺钉松动、脱出、断裂。按照Tornetta评价,优 14例,良10例,可 4例,差 1 例。末次随访Majeed评分为87.2±11.3,优16例,良9例,可4例。结论:对于不稳定C1、C2型骨盆骨折,采用闭合复位内固定联合外固定架可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

改良后路张力带钢板治疗不稳定性骶骨骨折

目的 探讨改良后路张力带钢板治疗因骶骨骨折导致的骨盆后环不稳定病人的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月我院采用改良后路张力带钢板治疗的7例因骶骨骨折导致骨盆后环不稳定病人的临床资料,其中男4例,女3例,年龄为23~63岁,Tile分型B1 1例,B2 1例,B3 1例,C1 3例,C2 1例。骶骨骨折Denis分区1区4例,2区3例。高处坠落伤3例,车祸伤4例。记录病人软组织激惹等并发症发生情况,采用Majeed评分标准评估骨盆功能。结果 病人手术时间平均为32 min,失血量平均为58 mL。所有病人均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间平均为19周。7例病人平均随访了16个月。根据Majeed评分,优6例,良1例,优良率100%。未出现软组织激惹、神经血管损伤、体表能触及钢板等并发症。结论 改良的后路张力带钢板能有效治疗因骶骨骨折导致的骨盆后环不稳定,安全有效,且软组织激惹较少。     

Pararectus approach combined with three-dimensional printing for anterior plate fixation of sacral fractures

BackgroundSurgical treatment of sacral fractures is difficult, both for reduction and stabilization. Traditional surgical reduction and internal fixation require a long duration of operation leading to extra blood loss, extensive tissue damage, and increased risk of post-operation complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a minimally invasive technique that could be more effective, more tissue sparing, and lead to less bleeding. We hypothesized that a Pararectus approach for anterior fixation of unstable sacral fractures would be reliable and more advantageous and significantly improve the outcome of sacral fracture repair.MethodsTwelve patients with unstable sacral fractures were recruited and examined by CT scanning. A 3D model of each sacral fracture was reconstructed. The computer-assisted 3D image of the reduced pelvis was 3D printed for surgery simulation and plate pre-bending. All cases were treated operatively with the anterior anatomical reduction and internal fixation via a minimally invasive Pararectus approach. VAS, Matta, and Majeed scores were used to evaluate outcomes of the operation.ResultsPre-operations were consistent with the actual surgeries in all cases. The pre-bent plates had an anatomical shape specifically fit to the individual pelvis without further adjustment at the time of surgery, and fracture reductions were significantly improved with little invasive tissue damage. The average operation time was 110 min. The intraoperative blood loss and incision length averaged 695 ml and 6.7 cm, respectively. A high percentage of all cases achieved a diaplasis with an excellent or good score according to the Matta and Majeed standards (83.33% and 91.67%, respectively).All patients achieved clinical healing with an average healing time of 8 weeks.Conclusion3D printing-assisted anterior fixation of unstable sacral fractures via a minimally invasive Pararectus approach is feasible. This new surgical strategy minimizes trauma damage and bleeding and produces satisfactory reduction and therapeutic efficacy.