成年食管异物住院患者的临床分析

目的该研究旨在分析食管内异物住院患者的临床特征、手术方法、相关的并发症、术后住院时间以及多科协作的优势。方法回顾性分析71例食管内异物住院患者,将患者分为两组(A组,误食异物24 h内得到有效治疗;B组,误食异物超过24 h得到有效治疗)。比较两组患者的病历资料、食道异物的种类、并发症和术后住院时间方面的差异。结果最常见的异物为枣核、动物骨头和鱼骨。食管上段异物常见,其中A组比B组更常见。两组间的并发症发生率和术后住院时间存在明显差异。B组患者并发症发生率高,术后住院时间长,多科协作治疗能给患者提供更合适的治疗方法。结论大多数食管内异物能在内镜下取出,24 h内有效的治疗能减少并发症和缩短术后住院时间,消化内科、耳鼻喉科及胸外科多科协作能给患者提供有效安全的治疗。     

食管异物252例临床分析

摘要：目的??探讨食管异物的临床特点及相应的治疗方法。方法?收集2010年6月－2018年6月该院收治的252例食管异物患者的临床资料。其中,男114例,女138例,年龄1～87岁,中位年龄52岁。所有患者均有明确的误吞或自食异物病史,并伴有吞咽困难及吞咽疼痛等症状,均行胸部X线、CT或食管钡剂检查以确诊。结果?成人异物种类以植物性最多见,枣核为67.06%;其次为动物性,骨头为15.87%。小儿异物绝大部分为硬币,占8.33%。异物停留部位最多为食管上段（93.25%）,其次为食管中段,占4.76%,食管下段极其少见。行硬性食管镜取出异物者占绝大多数（92.85%）,所有患者中出现严重并发症者13例。结论?食管异物为耳鼻咽喉科常见的急诊之一,多见于老年人及儿童,应及时就诊,延误治疗可引起一系列并发症。     

Foley管法取儿童食管异物138例临床分析

目的探讨Foley管法（F管）取儿童食管异物的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析成都市第三人民医院耳鼻喉科1998年1月至2008年1月138例儿童用F管取食管异物的效果、操作方法、并发症及其异物种类。结果 138例中用Foley管法不施麻醉顺利取出异物126例（91.3%）,全麻下食管镜术取出7例,5例自行滑入胃内排出。F管操作时间平均5.1min,无1例并发症发生;硬质食管镜手术时间平均15min,1例术中出现呼吸困难。138例异物分别为硬币类98例,纽扣类14例,象棋围棋子13例,钥匙环4例,塑料瓶盖3例,扁圆形电池3例,戒指3例。结论 F管法适于取儿童钝圆形食管异物,安全有效。     

硬质视频内镜取喉咽及食管上段异物177例回顾性分析

目的喉咽及食管上段异物为耳鼻咽喉科常见急诊,探讨使用新的简便的方法取喉咽及食管上段异物。方法回顾性分析2008年6月-2016年1月治疗的177例喉咽及食管上段异物病例。其中,视频内镜下异物取出术130例,视频支撑喉镜下异物取出术47例。结果 177例喉咽及食管上段异物均顺利取出,无咽瘘、食管穿孔等严重并发症出现。结论视频内镜辅助取喉咽及食管上段异物简便、高清、安全和有效。     

Esophageal foreign bodies

Over 80 per cent of ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without incident. Sharp (bones, pins, needles, wire) or long (greater than 6.5 cm) foreign bodies are most commonly implicated in perforation. Food boluses are most common in obstruction seen in adult patients and associated esophageal pathology is common in patients aged 60 years and older. Adults with nonfood foreign bodies have a high incidence of psychiatric, social, or chemical derangements. Pediatric patients most commonly ingest coins. Ingestions tend to occur during nonschool months or in high-risk situations, and repeat ingestions are not uncommon. Fatalities and other major complications are linked to type of foreign body, location, and duration of the impaction. Deaths have also occurred with endoscopic and enzymatic modalities of treatment. Glucagon and Foley catheter removal are safe techniques in selected patients, provided resuscitative skill and equipment are available. Based on these data, an algorithmic approach to the management of esophageal foreign bodies by the emergency physician is recommended (Table 5).     

儿童食管异物26例分析

目的 探讨小儿食管异物的特点和治疗方法。方法 对26例小儿食管异物采用Foley管及食管镜2种方法进行治疗。结果 Foley管取出异物22例，食管镜取出3例，1例自行滑入胃内排出。结论 根据小儿食管异物的特点，选取相应的方法，可获得更好的疗效，Foley管在儿童边缘光滑的食管异物治疗中具有明显的优越性。     

Chest pain: overlooked manifestation of unsuspected esophageal foreign body

Two cases of unsuspected esophageal foreign body ingestion with chest pain as the main symptom are reported. Both patients had extensive cardiac evaluation to rule out myocardial ischemia. They were discharged home with continuing chest pain and odynophagia. Both patients were denture wearers, and further questioning revealed the coincidence of chest pain with taking meals. Further evaluation revealed an impacted esophageal foreign body in one patient and an esophageal perforation with a mediastinal abscess in the other. These cases illustrate the importance of considering esophageal foreign bodies as factors in chest pain.     

416例消化道异物摄入患者的临床表现及影像学分析

目的探讨急性消化道异物摄入后患者的临床表现与影像学特点,分析消化道异物摄入的伤害特征,以提高诊治水平及预防意识。方法对2017—2019年汕头大学医学院第二附属医院416例消化道异物患者的病历资料如异物种类、就诊原因、治疗及预后等进行描述性分析。结果共收集消化道异物416例,年龄最大者90岁,最小者28天。其中15~59岁年龄段人群最多,为249例(59.85%);6~14岁年龄段人群最少,为39例(9.38%);男女性别比为1.25∶1。消化道异物患者多因咽部或腹部不适,并伴有异物摄入史来诊,好发人群以青、中年人为主(59.85%),经治疗后大多预后较好;儿童常见异物为硬币、纽扣电池等金属钝性异物,成年人则以鱼刺、动物性骨块等异物常见;异物滞留部位以食管上端(66.34%)最常见,可导致不同程度的并发症,最常见的是消化道穿孔。结论不同年龄组人群消化道异物的发生特点不同,消化道异物患者虽大多预后良好,但仍有严重的并发症如消化道穿孔等发生,应针对发生原因进行积极防治。     

纽扣电池所致儿童食管损伤的临床特征及治疗

目的探讨纽扣电池所致儿童食管损伤的临床特征及治疗方法,旨在提高儿童纽扣电池食管异物的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾性分析15例纽扣电池食管异物患儿的临床特征、治疗方法及预后。结果硬质食管镜取出纽扣电池12例,电子胃镜下取出纽扣电池3例。12例患儿发生比较严重的食管损伤,10例患儿通过鼻饲、抗炎及支持治疗得到完全恢复。2例术后发生食管穿孔,其中1例并发食管气管瘘。结论纽扣电池嵌顿在食管容易造成严重食管损伤,处理关键是尽快确诊。一旦确诊纽扣电池嵌顿在食管,必须将其取出。纽扣电池在X线片上有比较明显的特征,胸片可作为误吞纽扣电池诊断首选检查。如能根据病情选择合适的手术方式及恰当的术后处理,多数预后良好,但要警惕食管穿孔及食管气管瘘等严重并发症出现。     

老年人食管异物取出术采用全麻与表面麻醉的比较

目的探讨老年人食管异物取出术麻醉方法选择，以提高手术效果。方法对1986年至2003年采用表面麻醉或全麻食管镜下取老年人食管异物81例临床资料回顾分析。结果对危险异物，全麻组食管损伤小于表面麻醉组（P＜0．01）；表面麻醉组2例食管镜下取异物失败。结论老年人食管镜下取异物，术前需全面分析，针对危险异物应采用全麻，以减少潜在危险性。     

Ingested bone fragment in the bowel: Two cases and a review of the literature

Generally, ingested foreign bodies are excreted from the digestive tract without any complications or morbidity. In adults, ingestion of foreign bodies frequently occurs in alcoholics and elderly individuals with dentures. The most commonly ingested foreign bodies are food stuffs or their parts, such as fish bones or fragments of bone and phytobezoars. Sharp foreign bodies like fish and chicken bones can lead to intestinal perforation and peritonitis. We report herein two cases, one of bowel perforation and another of anal impaction, both caused by ingested bone fragments. Complications due to ingested bone fragments are not common and preoperative diagnosis remains a challenge and therefore it must be considered in susceptible cases.     

气管支气管异物取出术临床体会

目的探讨气管支气管异物的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对本院1998-2007年间收治的气管支气管异物病例进行回顾性分析。结果144例气管支气管异物患者中，81．9％为3岁以下儿童，异物种类以花生类为最多，占51．4％，89．6％的患儿在全身麻醉下经支气管镜取出异物。结论在全身麻醉下经支气管镜行气管支气管异物取出术是一种安全可靠的手术方法。     

Eating utensil foreign bodies of the esophagus

Large foreign bodies of the esophagus are uncommon. We report two unusual cases of eating utensil, esophageal, foreign bodies that occurred unintentionally following self-instrumentation of the oropharynx. The histories, radiographs, and clinical management of these cases are presented and discussed.     

Management of laryngeal foreign bodies in children.

Foreign body aspiration is one of the leading causes of accidental death in children. Food items are the most common items aspirated in infants and toddlers, whereas older children are more likely to aspirate non-food items. Laryngeal impaction of a foreign body is very rare as most aspirated foreign bodies pass through the laryngeal inlet and get lodged lower down in the airway. Two rare cases of foreign body aspiration with subglottic impaction in very young children (under 2 years of age) are described. In both the cases subglottic impaction occurred consequent to attempted removal of foreign body by blind finger sweeping. The clinical presentation, investigations, and management of these rare cases are discussed.     

Management of laryngeal foreign bodies in children

Foreign body aspiration is one of the leading causes of accidental death in children. Food items are the most common items aspirated in infants and toddlers, whereas older children are more likely to aspirate non-food items. Laryngeal impaction of a foreign body is very rare as most aspirated foreign bodies pass through the laryngeal inlet and get lodged lower down in the airway. Two rare cases of foreign body aspiration with subglottic impaction in very young children (under 2 years of age) are described. In both the cases subglottic impaction occurred consequent to attempted removal of foreign body by blind finger sweeping. The clinical presentation, investigations, and management of these rare cases are discussed.     

Endoscopic removal of sharp foreign bodies impacted in the esophagus.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Impacted sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus can be very difficult to manage. When attempts are made to remove such objects inappropriately, life-threatening complications such as perforation can occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic removal of impacted sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus using proximal dilatation with an oral side balloon or transparent cap. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 22 patients (10 men, 12 women) with impacted sharp foreign bodies in the esophagus underwent endoscopic extraction. The following technique was successfully performed at our hospital. An oral side balloon (Top Co., Japan) for esophageal variceal sclerotherapy was attached to the distal part of the endoscope. With the patient under local anesthesia, the endoscope was inserted as far as the proximal part of the esophageal foreign body. The oral side balloon was then gradually inflated. Dilatation of the proximal part of the esophagus made it possible to release the impacted sharp foreign body from the esophageal wall. A transparent cap was used for foreign bodies in the upper esophagus when there were difficulties with the oral side balloon. RESULTS: The types of foreign body removed were fish bones (n = 9), press-through packages (n = 8), chicken bones (n =3), dentures (n = 1), and a wrist watch (n = 1). Endoscopic removal was successful in all but one of the cases, in which a fish bone had to be extracted surgically. CONCLUSIONS: The proximal dilatation method using an oral side balloon or transparent cap is safe and effective in removing sharp foreign bodies from the esophagus, avoiding surgery and possible perforation.     

成人支气管异物的支气管镜下表现和介入治疗方式探讨

目的 探讨成人支气管异物支气管镜下表现和介入治疗方式。方法 回顾性分析空军军医大学唐都医院呼吸与危重症医学科2014年1月－2019年4月129例经支气管镜检查确诊的成人支气管异物患者支气管镜下表现、介入治疗方式及预后等临床资料。结果 129例患者中,88例为局麻经鼻进镜,33例患者全麻完成检查治疗,8例患者局麻下发现异物后经全麻下取出异物。取出异物的128例患者中,29例直视下可见异物,未造成管壁管腔黏膜改变;65例直视下见部分异物伴周围肉芽组织增生;23例管壁肉芽组织生长致管腔堵塞,清除部分肉芽后异物暴露;6例患者气道分泌物致管腔堵塞,吸除分泌物后见异物;4例异物嵌顿;1例超细支气管镜下未见异常,后经支气管内超声导向鞘引导（EBUS-GS）探及明显边界回声灶,活检钳钳夹确定为异物。129例异物患者中取出128例,镜下吸引取出2例。使用一种介入手段取出95例,较为常用的手段包括冷冻（28例）、活检钳（27例）、异物钳（25例）、异物网篮（10例）;使用两种介入手段取出25例,最常用的手段包括活检钳+冷冻（11例）;使用三种及以上介入手段取出6例。所有患者术后无出血、气胸、穿孔及窒息等严重并发症发生。所有患者中124例痊愈,1例因本身合并气道狭窄,多次镜下治疗后病情好转,3例异物吸入时间过长导致原异物所在部位形成局部支气管扩张,1例患者因全麻支气管镜下采用多种方式仍无法取出异物,建议手术,患者家属放弃治疗。结论 支气管镜检查是诊断及治疗成人支气管异物安全有效的方法,值得推广。     

食管异物1252例临床分析

目的:通过回顾分析1252例食管异物患者临床资料,探讨食管异物的特点以及相应的治疗方法。方法:收集1965～2003年收治的食管异物1252例,其中男性862例,女性390例,年龄4个月～81岁。大多数患者有明确的异物史,主要症状是吞咽困难和疼痛。所有患者均行X线检查确诊。绝大多数患者(98.6%)通过硬管食管镜取出异物。其中59例患者行全身麻醉,其余均为表面麻醉。结果:所有病例中出现严重并发症29例(2.3%),其中食管穿孔24例(继发颈深脓肿5例,纵隔脓肿5例),咽后脓肿4例,梨状窝穿通1例,死亡1例(0.08%)。结论:①早期食管镜检查是治疗食管异物最有效的方法;②对并发症及时准确的诊治是治疗关键;③全身麻醉可以减少并发症的发生;④必要的外科手术干预可预防严重并发症的出现。     

39例食管异物严重并发症的分析

目的：探讨食管异物严重并发症的治疗方法。方法：总结我院收治的39例食管异物严重并发症的临床资料。结果：食管内引流法9例，颈侧切开引流法15例，经颈纵隔切开引流去5例，3例剖胸取出异物，7例为食管癌。结论：食管异物早诊、早治疗方可避免发生严重并发症。食管周围脓肿、纵隔脓肿应根据脓肿部位、病人全身情况等灵活选择引流方法，加上全身抗感染、支持疗法，大多数病人可望痊愈。     

The diagnosis and endoscopic removal of foreign bodies obstructing the esophageal lumen]

The authors present a sequence of diagnostic (the patients' complaints, case history, clinical, x-ray and endoscopic evidence) and therapeutic (endoscopic treatment) measures to be taken in order to remove foreign bodies responsible for esophageal obstruction. The policy proposed allows the physicians to avoid misdiagnosis and to clear away foreign bodies from the esophagus with minimal complications in 96% of the cases.