经伤椎椎弓根置钉复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 分析经伤椎椎弓根置钉复位固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果.方法 对23例胸腰椎骨折采用经伤椎椎弓根置钉复位固定治疗.观测患者Cobb角及伤椎高度恢复情况.结果 手术后Cobb角与伤椎前缘高度比较术前有明显改善(P＜0.01),1例螺钉断裂.结论 对胸腰椎骨折应用伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定有利于矫正后凸畸形和恢复伤椎前缘高度,...     

后路经伤椎置钉联合经椎弓根椎体内自体植骨治疗多节段胸腰椎骨折

多节段胸腰椎骨折是临床上常见的脊椎损伤,是一种特殊类型的骨折,通常是由外界高能量撞击所致,多为高处坠落伤、交通事故伤及重物砸伤,导致多个椎体不同程度受损,同时可能合并后凸畸形、脊髓受损或马尾功能性损害等其他损伤,脊柱稳定性被破坏,严重者可出现截瘫.传统的后路跨伤椎复位内固定术存在术中椎体高度复位不理想、对后凸畸形矫正效果维持不满意及内固定松脱和断裂等缺点.近年来有不少报道指出经伤椎置钉植骨内固定术在脊柱胸腰段骨折的治疗中效果良好.本院2006年5月～2011年5月对30例多节段胸腰椎骨折的患者采用后路经伤椎置钉联合经椎弓根椎体内自体植骨治疗后疗效满意,现总结报告如下.     

胸腰椎骨折伤椎单侧置钉与术后脊柱侧方成角的关系分析

[目的]探讨伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的手术效果及其与术后脊柱侧方成角的关系.[方法]临床应用附加伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折15例,随访时间平均为12.5个月.随访观察伤椎单侧置钉对改善胸腰椎骨折脊柱畸形的手术效果及伤椎单侧置钉与术后脊柱侧方成角的关系.[结果]伤椎单侧置钉5钉固定术术后矢状位后凸Cobb角、椎体前缘高度与术前相比差异有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05),末次随访时矢状位后凸Cobb角与术后即刻相比差异有明显统计学意义(P＜0.05),余指标末次随访与术后即刻相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定术术后即刻脊柱侧方成角与末次随访的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定技术可以明显改善胸腰椎骨折的后凸畸形,不会引起术后脊柱侧方成角的加重.     

伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的回顾性分析探讨后路伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2006-03-2010-03后路手术治疗的82例胸腰椎骨折临床资料,分为2组,其中A组(40例)伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折,B组(42例)跨伤椎用椎弓根螺钉内固定。比较A组和B组后凸Cobb角矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率。结果 A组在术后矫正率、术后椎管面积改善率、远期丢失率、内固定失效率方面优于B组(P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论胸腰椎骨折应用伤椎置钉可以增加内固定系统的牢固性,并利于矫正后凸畸形和维持矫正效果。     

经伤椎置钉固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨后路经伤椎置钉固定技术在治疗胸腰椎骨折患者中的应用效果。方法对36例胸腰椎骨折患者采用后路椎弓根钉系统、经伤椎置钉固定的手术方法进行治疗,随访手术的效果、测量手术前后X线片上后凸角度的纠正及椎体高度恢复的情况。结果随访6~20个月,均取得良好的复位效果,骨折达到临床愈合,伤椎固定无椎弓根钉松动及断裂,伤椎复位后无明显高度丢失。影像学测量结果发现,手术前节段后凸角度为（24.4±8.6）,°骨折椎体前缘高度为（54.7±14.5）%;术后节段后凸角度为（6.4±4.9）,°骨折椎体高度为（93.5±9.7）%。手术前后后凸角度及骨折椎体前缘高度差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论合理采用经伤椎置钉固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法有利于术中复位、后凸畸形的矫正,有效避免了术后椎体高度的丢失、内固定器械松动断裂等并发症发生。     

经椎弓根截骨脊柱短缩术治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形

目的 观察后路经椎弓根截骨脊柱短缩术治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形的临床疗效.为陈旧性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形手术矫形提供一种安全有效的手术方式.方法 自2006年8月～2010年3月对16例陈旧性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形采用经椎弓根截骨脊柱短缩矫形术式治疗.结果 随访6～18个月,平均11个月,所有患者的腰腿疼痛症状得到缓解,术前JOA评分平均(13±1.75)分,术后平均(20.98±2.40)分,术前术后有显著性差异(P＜0.05),平均改善率0.504±0.121.术后Frankel分级5例由C级恢复到D或E级,9例由D级恢复到E级;术前后凸Cobb角(34.20±10.43)°,术后Cobb角(2.94±2.73)°,术后平均畸形矫正率85％以上.末次随访显示所有椎间截骨面骨性融合,无内固定物并发症.结论 经椎弓根截骨治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形具有减压充分、矫正率高,而且创伤较小等优点,是治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形的良好术式.     

比较经伤椎与跨伤椎内固定术在治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效

目的 对比分析跨伤椎固定术与经伤椎固定术在治疗胸腰椎骨折患者的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院收治的胸腰椎骨折患者86例,根据手术方式不同分为两组,跨伤椎固定术治疗45例(跨伤椎组),经伤椎固定术治疗41例(经伤椎组),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,术前、术后椎体前缘高度、椎体后凸Cobb角值、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、美国脊髓损伤协会(American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA)神经功能分级标准及并发症发生率.结果 经伤椎组手术时间较跨伤椎组长,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.151,P=0.000).两组术后即刻、6个月及12个月的椎体前缘高度、椎体后凸Cobb角、VAS评分均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).经伤椎组术后椎体高度、椎体后凸Cobb角、VAS评分显著高于跨伤椎组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).经伤椎组的ASIA神经功能分级改善率高于跨伤椎组.结论 经伤椎固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折在椎体高度、椎体后凸Cobb角恢复,降轻疼痛,提高神经功能方面效果良好.     

胸腰椎骨折短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术后脊柱后凸畸形研究进展

［摘要］ 近些年来胸腰椎骨折的发生率正逐年提升,对于胸腰椎骨折患者的治疗,我们更多是采用椎弓根螺钉复位技术。这种技术可以重建脊柱的稳定性,帮助伤椎恢复高度。随着脊柱生物力学和内固定材料的发展,虽然椎弓根钉复位技术也取得了重大的突破,但是术后患者脊柱后凸仍是我们最常见的并发症。本文就胸腰椎骨折的手术治疗时机,术后脊柱后凸畸形的发生原因等方面的研究现状做一综述。     

胸腰椎骨折短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术后脊柱后凸畸形的研究进展

近些年来胸腰椎骨折的发生率正逐年提升,对于胸腰椎骨折患者的治疗,我们更多是采用椎弓根螺钉复位技术。这种技术可以重建脊柱的稳定性,帮助伤椎恢复高度。随着脊柱生物力学和内固定材料的发展,虽然椎弓根钉复位技术也取得了重大的突破,但是术后患者脊柱后凸仍是我们最常见的并发症。本文就胸腰椎骨折的手术治疗时机,术后脊柱后凸畸形的发生原因等方面的研究现状做一综述。     

经伤椎短节段内固定术后再发后凸畸形的危险因素研究

目的 研究胸腰椎爆裂性骨折经伤椎短节段内固定术后再发后凸畸形的危险因素.方法 纳入2011年3月～2016年3月于本院治疗的224例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者,均采用经伤椎短节段内固定治疗,随访3年以上,将末次随访Cobb角丢失≥5°以及<5°者分别设为观察组与对照组.调查两组患者病历资料,并经单因素分析以及Logistic回归分析调查术后再发后凸畸形的危险因素.结果 224例患者术后再发后凸畸形40例,发生率17.86％,平均丢失角度(7.02±1.21)°;两组年龄、伤椎前缘高度比(anterior vertebra height ratio,AVH)、伤椎植骨、后凸Cobb角(Cobb angle,CA)、功能锻炼、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,AVH<50％(OR=2.811)、伤椎未植骨(OR=2.322)、功能锻炼不合理(OR=2.130)、CA>30°(OR=2.785)、年龄>60岁(OR=2.105)是胸腰椎爆裂性骨折经伤椎短节段内固定术后再发后凸畸形的独立危险因素.结论 胸腰椎爆裂性骨折经伤椎短节段内固定术后易再发后凸畸形,受到AVH、伤椎植骨、CA、功能锻炼、年龄等多种因素影响.     

An infantile skull fracture followed by the enlarging of the fracture line ("enlarging skull fracture") (author's transl)]

We experience sometimes an infantile skull fracture which is followed by the skull fracture line and bulging of the fractured area day by day after the head injury. Since John Howship reported the case of the partial absorption of the right parietal bone, arising from a blow on the head in a child aged 9 month in 1816, this phenomenon was variously described meningocele spuria, traumatic cephalohydrocele, leptomeningeal cyst, fibrosing osteitis, cerebrocranial erosion, traumatic meningocele, die wachsende Sch?delfrakture, growing skull fracture, etc. So called "growing skull fracture" has generally the triad of the symptoms which are the parietal skull fracture in infancy or childhood, traumatic dural tears, and subsequent enlargement of the fractures. And it is said that the dural tear is an indispensable condition for the developing of the "growing skull fracture". But we recently had the case of a 14 day old male infant who had neither traumatic dural tear nor subdural hematoma, but the progressive enlarging of the fracture line in the left parietal bone. The authors suggest that there should be the difference between the growing skull fracture (with the dural teat) and the enlarging skull fracture (without the dural tear).     

Unusual double clavicle fracture complicated by ipsilateral scapular neck fracture

 An unusual case of fractures of the mid- and distal clavicle complicated by a scapular neck fracture and second rib fracture on the ipsilateral side is reported. Unstable shoulder girdle or floating shoulder is an unusual injury. The relevant medical literature and treatment of this disorder are discussed. Received: November 2, 2001 / Accepted: January 21, 2002     

Complete dislocation of the talus unaccompanied by fracture

Total dislocation of the talus without a concomitant fracture is an extremely rare injury. Such a case was treated by immediate closed reduction and 6 weeks of cast immobilization. At the 9-year follow-up, the patient had a full range of ankle motion without any signs of avascular necrosis or arthritis.     

Trapezoid fracture caused by assault

In this report we describe an open fracture of trapezoid and break in anterior cortex of capitate due to assault in a young adult male. Direct impact force of a sharp object to the first web space caused the above fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation of the trapezoid was carried out using Kirschner wires. Cut extensor tendons, extensor retaniculum, capsule, adductor pollicis muscle, first dorsal interosseous muscle, soft tissue and overlying skin were sutured primarily. Three months after the operation the patient has made a complete recovery. There is no similar case reported in the literature.     

同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折行一期全髋关节置换术的临床研究

目的探讨同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折行一期全髋关节置换（THA）的手术方法及其疗效。方法2003年7月至2006年3月,对5例同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折的患者行一期THA,均采用生物型人工髋关节,强调髋臼重建结构的稳定性,随访21～54个月（平均34．4个月）;手术距受伤时间5～42d（平均18．6d）。3例2周内手术者,尽可能解剖复位内固定,2例超过4周手术者,在骨折畸形愈合的基础上,不剥离骨痂,给予结构性植骨并重塑髋臼。结果按HHS评分为87．6分,其中优2例,良2例,可1例,随访期间未发生感染、松动和异位骨化等并发症。结论对同侧髋臼骨折合并股骨颈骨折的患者行一期THA,能取得较好疗效,避免切开复位内固定引起的治疗周期长,高并发症,疗效差,甚至短期再次行THA等缺点;重视髋臼结构的稳定性和有翻修经验的医师参与是提高手术疗效的关键。     

Osteoporotic fracture of the dens revealed by cervical manipulation

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures selectively affect the thoracolumbar junction, usually sparing the cervical spine. A 65-year-old woman with documented osteoporotic fractures and chronic alcohol abuse presented with neck pain and occipital neuralgia that started after she suddenly flexed then extended her neck. Following several sessions of cervical manipulation, her pain became more severe, and she was admitted. Imaging studies showed multiple fractures in the dens, C6 and C7. These apparently spontaneous fractures suggested a bone tumor, for which investigations were negative. Osteoporosis was the only identifiable cause. The spinal manipulations probably worsened the lesions which were performed by a chiropractor who is not a physician and did not obtain cervical spine radiographs before treating the patient. Osteoporosis contraindicates spinal manipulation at any level, including the cervical spine.