Effect of estrogen and progestogen on the expression of interleukin-8 in mouse endometrium and blastocyst during preimplantation

目的:研究雌、孕激素对着床前小鼠子宫内膜及胚泡白细胞介素8(IL-8)表达的影响.方法:利用经典小鼠胚泡延迟着床模型,应用免疫组织化学显色、免疫印迹及图像分析技术,对着床前小鼠子宫内膜及胚泡IL-8的蛋白表达进行定位及半定量分析.结果:IL-8主要表达于妊娠小鼠子宫内膜腔上皮细胞及胚泡内细胞群和滋养层细胞的细胞质内.在子宫内膜组织中,切除双侧卵巢后单独给予孕酮组(P4组),IL-8表达低于联合应用雌二醇和孕酮组(E2+P4组)和对照组;E2+P4组IL-8表达上调,但低于对照组.在各组胚泡中,单独给予孕酮获得的静止胚泡、IL-8蛋白含量低于正常胚泡;联合应用雌二醇、孕酮获得的激活胚泡、IL-8的蛋白表达高于静止胚泡.结论:切除卵巢后,联合应用雌、孕激素可上调着床前小鼠子宫内膜及胚泡IL-8蛋白的表达.     

HOXA10基因在子宫内膜的周期性表达及性激素、肝素结合生长因子对其表达的调节

目的通过研究HOXA10基因在正常子宫内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞的周期性表达规律,及雌激素、孕激素、肝素结合生长因子(HB-EGF)对HOXA10基因表达的调节,探讨HOXA10基因在胚胎种植中的意义。方法取子宫内膜40例,分离出子宫内膜腺上皮细胞及间质细胞分别培养,然后用RT-PCR检测HOXA10基因的表达规律。体外培养子宫内膜间质细胞,按实验目的分别加入雌激素、孕激素、雌孕激素联合、雌孕激素RU486联合、HB-EGF刺激48h后,采用RT-PCR测定各组细胞中HOXA10基因的表达。结果 1.HOXA10基因在子宫内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞中的表达规律相似,均具有周期性表达,且在分泌中期(着床期)的表达水平最高。2.雌、孕激素及HB-EGF均能促进HOXA10基因的表达。结论 HOXA10基因在分泌中期表达水平最高,且受雌、孕激素、HB-EGF等的调节。     

雌、孕激素对LPA3在小鼠子宫内膜围着床期表达的影响

目的 研究小鼠围着床期子宫内膜溶血磷脂酸受体3（LPA3）的表达以及雌、孕激素和孕激素拮抗剂RU486对其表达的影响。方法 用免疫组化法,检测妊娠第1~6天（d1~6）小鼠子宫内膜LPA3蛋白的表达规律; 用RT-PCR、Western blot检测子宫内膜LPA3的表达。结果 妊娠第1~6天小鼠子宫内膜组织均有LPA3表达,d3表达开始增强,d4最强,d5和d6 表达骤然下降。去势小鼠子宫内膜表达低水平LPA3 ;孕激素提高子宫内膜LPA3 的表达,且呈时间依赖性。雌激素对LPA3 表达无明显影响。雌、孕激素联合应用,雌激素降低孕激素对子宫内膜LPA3 表达的上调作用。RU486减弱孕激素的上调作用。结论　LPA3可能参与了胚胎的种植。雌、孕激素可能通过影响小鼠子宫内膜LPA3 的表达,共同参与小鼠子宫内膜容受性的建立。     

细胞因子与着床过程中小鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡的相关性研究

目的 探讨着床过程中小鼠子宫内膜细胞凋亡的调控机制，以及细胞因子在子宫内膜细胞凋亡发生中的生物学作用。方法 用TUNEL法原位检测着床过程中子宫内膜细胞凋亡状况，用原位杂交和免疫组织化学的方法，检测凋亡相关基因(bcl-2、bax)和细胞因子(EGF、bFGF和TGFβ1)在着床期小鼠子宫内膜中的表达，分析凋亡相关基因、细胞因子与子宫内膜细胞凋亡之间的关系，并在体外培养的子宫内膜细胞中，直接检测了上述因子对bcl-2和bax转录的影响。结果 孕4～5d，凋亡细胞主要分布于子宫内膜表面上皮和腺上皮，与此相对应，上皮细胞TGFβ1和bax表达增加，而bFGF和bCl-2表达减少；孕7～8d，凋亡细胞主要分布于胚泡着床部位周围的蜕膜中，此时胚泡周围的蜕膜中，EGF、bFGF和bcl-2表达明显降低，TGEβ1和bax表达明显增加。体外实验显示，培养基中加入抗EGF或bFGF抗体后，bcl-2／bax比率下降，而加入抗TGFβ-1抗体后，bcl-2／bax比率增加。结论 细胞因子、凋亡相关基因与着床期子宫内膜细胞凋亡密切相关，细胞因子可通过调节bcl-2和bax的表达参与细胞凋亡的调控。     

miRNAs及其靶基因在子宫内膜容受性中的作用

子宫内膜容受性（ER）是指子宫内膜接受胚胎的能力，即允许受精卵定位、黏附、侵入并使内膜间质发生改变从而植入子宫内膜的一种能力。子宫内膜的“种植窗”期也称为容受期，需要由黄体分泌的雌、孕激素的支持，同时也受多种基因、蛋白质、细胞因子和粘附分子的影响，其中miRNA及其靶基因对子宫内膜容受性的具有一定的调节作用。miRNAs在女性生殖系统疾病中的作用是当前研究的热点，如子宫内膜异位症、输卵管积水、多囊卵巢综合征、子宫内膜癌等疾病中都存在miRNAs的差异化表达。miRNAs及其靶基因在子宫内膜容受性中的作用也引起学者的重视，多项研究表明，子宫内膜容受性缺陷者存在miRNAs及其靶基因的差异表达，本文将对miRNAs及其靶基因在子宫内膜容受性中的研究作一综述。     

Expression of Maspin in mouse endometrium during estrus cycle and early pregnancy

目的:初步探讨Maspin基因在动情周期及早孕小鼠子宫内膜的表达规律.方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学分别检测动情前期、动情期、动情后期、动情间期及孕2、4、5、7d小鼠子宫内膜Maspin基因mRNA及蛋白的时空表达规律.结果:动情周期中动情期MaspinmRNA和蛋白表达较强,与其他3期相比差异有统计学意义,其他3期表达较弱,无差异.早孕小鼠子宫内膜组织Maspin基因mRNA和蛋白的表达高于未妊娠小鼠,且随着妊娠天数的增加呈逐渐增强的趋势,到妊娠第5天达到最高.结论:Maspin在动情周期及早孕小鼠子宫内膜呈规律性表达,说明其可能在胚泡着床过程中发挥着重要的作用.     

PCOS与非PCOS患者在控制性超促排卵周期子宫内膜容受性差异的探讨

目的探讨PCOS与非PCOS患者在控制性超促排卵周期子宫内膜容受性的差异。方法选取8例PCOS不孕患者并行IVF-ET长方案超促排卵治疗,同期选择8例因输卵管因素或男方因素行IVF-ET长方案的非PCOS不孕患者为对照组,在取卵后7天取子宫内膜组织,用免疫组化法测定子宫内膜雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、整合素αvβ3,用RT-PCR法测定同源框基因HOXA-10的表达。结果控制性促排卵后PCOS组着床窗口期子宫内膜ER、PR表达低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义;αvβ3及HOXA-10表达低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论 PCOS患者在控制性超促排卵后仍存在子宫内膜容受性下降的因素。     

阿胶治疗对不孕症患者子宫内膜容受性的改善

目的探讨应用阿胶治疗不孕症患者后子宫内膜容受性的改善情况。方法选择2009年4月至2011年10月于珠海市妇幼保健院生殖中心就诊不孕症患者70例,其中实验组患者接受阿胶治疗(n=40),不接受阿胶治疗的患者作为对照组(n=30)。两组患者均于排卵期B超测量子宫内膜厚度,排卵后第7日刮取子宫内膜免疫组化法检测整合素β3及雌、孕激素受体的表达。结果实验组患者子宫内膜比对照组患者厚,整合素β3的表达高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者雌、孕激素受体表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿胶治疗不孕症患者后能增加子宫内膜厚度并改善子宫内膜容受性,有利于胚胎着床。     

雌二醇和孕酮对去势模型小鼠子宫内膜巨噬细胞及相关因子表达的影响

背景：有研究表明,巨噬细胞功能及巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的表达可能受雌、孕激素直接或间接调控,但具体影响尚未深入研究。 目的：观察雌二醇和孕酮对双侧卵巢切除小鼠子宫内膜巨噬细胞及巨噬细胞集落刺激因子表达的影响。 方法：将双侧卵巢切除的小鼠随机分为雌激素组、孕激素组和对照组,分析各组小鼠子宫内膜巨噬细胞的数量和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的表达强度。 结果与结论：免疫组织化学染色结果显示,与对照组相比,雌激素组与孕激素组小鼠子宫内膜巨噬细胞数量、干预6,24 h后巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的表达明显高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结果证实,雌二醇和孕酮都对子宫内膜巨噬细胞有趋化作用,并可以诱导巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的表达。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

干扰素/维甲酸联合应用诱导细胞凋亡相关基因-19在小鼠围着床期子宫内膜中的表达及其作用

目的 探讨干扰素/维甲酸联合应用诱导细胞凋亡相关基因-19（GRIM-19）在小鼠围着床期子宫内膜中的表达及其与胚胎着床的关系。方法 收集早期妊娠第1~6天小鼠子宫组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测GRIM-19蛋白在子宫内膜上皮细胞中的表达及定位情况;收集早期妊娠、假孕和雌孕激素处理小鼠子宫组织,采用Western blotting 和Real-time PCR检测GRIM-19蛋白和mRNA水平;TUNEL方法检测早期妊娠第1~6天小鼠子宫组织细胞凋亡情况;采用pEGFP GRIM-19质粒GRIM-19-siRNA 转染技术使RL95-2细胞系过表达或低表达GRIM-19,检测其对RL95-2-BeWo 共培养体外着床模型球状体黏附率的影响,AnnexinV/PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡,线粒膜电位检测试剂盒（JC-1）检测线粒体跨膜电位;采用Western blotting 和Real-time PCR检测转染后信号转导子和转录激活因子3（STAT3）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF)-α及白细胞介素（IL)-11蛋白和mRNA水平。结果 GRIM-19在早期妊娠第1~6天小鼠子宫腔上皮和腺上皮均有表达,妊娠第4天GRIM-19蛋白和mRNA水平减低,细胞凋亡减少;假孕第1~6天小鼠子宫内膜GRIM-19表达无明显差异;雌激素处理组小鼠子宫内膜GRIM-19表达减弱;过表达GRIM-19后,RL95-2-BeWo 共培养球状体黏附率降低,细胞凋亡增加,线粒体膜电位减低,RL95-2细胞系中STAT3及IL-11蛋白和mRNA水平减低,TNF-α蛋白和mRNA水平升高。 结论 GRIM-19在胚胎着床中发挥重要作用,可能是通过调节细胞凋亡和免疫耐受为胚胎着床提供保障。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...