急性脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉斑块的相关性研究

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,HCY）与颈动脉斑块的关系。 方法 回顾性分析北京朝阳医院西区2013年6月～2014年6月神经内科住院的急性脑梗死患者196例, 通过彩色多普勒超声仪测定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的有无,测定内中膜厚度及其最大斑块厚度。在发 病4 d内检测其血清HCY浓度。患者按照有无斑块分为斑块组（n =152）和无斑块组（n =44）。组间比 较采用秩和检验,HCY与颈动脉斑块最大厚度的关系采用Spearman秩相关检验。颈动脉斑块形成的危 险因素分析采用Logistic回归分析。 结果 无斑块组（n =44）的HCY中位数是11.6 μ mol/L,斑块组（n =152）的HCY的中位数是14.0 μ mol/L,秩和 检验P =0.011。Spearman相关检验发现HCY与颈动脉最大斑块厚度呈显著正相关,相关系数r =0.247, P <0.001。Logistic回归分析,发现年龄［比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.089,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.050～1.131,P =0.0001］、男性性别（OR 4.304,95%CI 1.738～10.660,P =0.002）、高血 压史（OR 3.864,95%CI 1.750～8.534,P =0.001）是影响斑块形成的独立危险因素,而HCY（OR 1.026, 95%CI 0.973～1.081,P =0.344）对斑块形成的影响无显著性。但是,对于非心源性脑梗死亚组 （n =183）分析发现HCY是斑块形成的独立危险因素（OR 1.267,95%CI 1.006～1.430,P =0.003）。 结论 对于急性脑梗死患者,斑块组血清HCY高于无斑块组,血清HCY与颈动脉最大斑块厚度呈正 相关。在非心源性脑梗死患者中HCY是颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素。     

脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与血浆胆红素、尿酸的关系

目的 探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与血浆胆红素、尿酸的关系. 方法 对351例脑梗死患者行颈动脉彩色超声检查确定有无颈动脉斑块,根据斑块的有无分为颈动脉斑块组(n=218)和对照组(n=133).检测两组患者血浆胆红素、尿酸,同时调查血糖、血脂、吸烟、酗酒、高血压等其他危险因素并比较分析. 结果 颈动脉斑块组血浆胆红素水平低于对照组,尿酸水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Logistic多元回归分析发现,血浆胆红素、尿酸均为脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的独立危险因素. 结论 在脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块的发生发展中,血浆胆红素、尿酸起了非常重要的作用.     

糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白水平的改变及与颈动脉斑块形成和高血压病的关系

目的探讨糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的改变及与颈动脉斑块形成和高血压病的关系。方法采用散射比色法检测103例糖尿病、240例急性脑梗死和130例糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的血清CRP水平;用彩色超声多普勒诊断仪检测颈动脉斑块;调查患者的高血压病史。结果糖尿病脑梗死组和急性脑梗死组的血清CRP水平、双侧颈动脉斑块形成和高血压病的比率及病程明显高于或长于糖尿病组(P<0.01～0.001);糖尿病脑梗死组高血压病程显著短于急性脑梗死组(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的血清CRP水平比糖尿病患者明显升高。双侧颈动脉斑块形成和高血压病(尤其病程长)是糖尿病并发ACI的主要因素。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与急性脑梗死患者血脂、血压关系的探讨

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血脂浓度、血压与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检查急性脑梗死患者的颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度、斑块数和性状，同时检测血压。查血脂；121例急性脑梗死患者根据有无高血压分为脑梗死组47例、高血压并发脑梗死组74例，年龄相匹配的正常对照组35例。各项数据用SPSS10．0软件统计分析。结果脑梗死合并高血压组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率最高（69．7％），且以软斑及混合斑为主，脑梗死组次之（59．6％），正常组最低（20％）。有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块相比．血清LDL—C水平明显升高。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑决是脑梗死的重要危险因素，高血压及高LDL—C血症是颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素．     

急性期高敏感C反应蛋白对脑梗死预后的评估

目的探讨脑梗死急性期高敏感C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）对脑梗死远期预后的评估价值。方法选取首次急性脑梗死患者99例，在72h内检测血清hs—CRP，随访1年，将死亡及再发缺血性血管病变记录为终点事件。将所有患者分为CRP正常组（hs—CRP≤3mg／L）和CRP增高组（hs—CRP〉3mg／L），分别对两组患者进行生存分析比较。采用多变量Logistic回归分析hs—CRP增高、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高血脂、年龄、吸烟、饮酒等危险因素对终点事件的影响。结果hs—CRP〉3mg／L的患者较hs-CRP≤3mg／L的患者终点事件发生率显著增加（18．18％，5．45％；P=0．044；生存分析，log—rank检验）。多变量回归分析显示，hs—CRP增高（OR3．609；95％CI 0．869～14．992；P=0．047）和吸烟（OR4．094；95％CI1．092—15．340；P=0．037）与终点事件独立相关。结论脑梗死急性期hs—CRP增高可能是脑梗死发病1年内死亡和再发缺血性血管病变的独立危险因素。     

血清MMP-9与脑梗死患者及其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系研究

目的检测具有不同性质颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的脑梗死患者的血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平,探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及相关炎性标志物MMP-9水平与脑梗死的关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声检查48例颈内动脉系统的急性脑梗死患者（CI组）颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,同时检测患者血清MMP-9水平,并与20例慢性脑供血不足患者（CCCI组）及20例体检健康者（对照组）比较;根据斑块性质将CI组分为不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组及无斑块组3个亚组,并进行组内比较。结果脑梗死组斑块检出率、不稳定斑块率及血清MMP9水平均明显高于慢性脑供血不足组及对照组（P〈0．05）;脑梗死不稳定斑块组MMP-9水平显著高于脑梗死稳定斑块组,脑梗死稳定斑块组高于脑梗死无斑块组（P〈0．01）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及其稳定性与脑梗死发生有密切关系,具有不同性质颈动脉斑块的脑梗死患者的血清MMP-9水平存在差异,MMP-9可能是不稳定性粥样硬化斑块及脑梗死的一个潜在的血清标志物。     

血清脂蛋白（a）和颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的相关性分析

目的研究血清脂蛋白（LP）（a）和颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的关系。方法对2007年9月～2009年9月在我院住院的110例急性脑梗死患者进行LP（a）水平测定及颈部血管彩超检查（观察颈动脉有无斑块形成）,并与对照组（同期在我院体检的健康者）进行比较。结果脑梗死组颈动脉斑块发生率及LP（a）水平均明显高于对照组,两者差异显著（P〈0．01）。脑梗死组与对照组中,颈动脉有斑块组LP（a）水平显著高于无斑块组,与无斑块组相比有显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论LP（a）升高是脑梗死的独立危险因素,临床可通过LP（a）水平预测脑梗死的发病风险。颈动脉粥样硬化是引起脑梗死的重要危险因素,对脑梗死患者及高危人群常规进行颈动脉超声检查,及早发现颈动脉粥样斑块的存在,对预防脑梗死以及有效减少脑梗死复发具有重要意义。     

脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块稳定性及其相关因素分析

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性及其有关危险因素。方法对139例脑梗死患者行颈部血管超声和血液检查;根据颈部血管超声分为斑块稳定组和不稳定组,比较2组间颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性及危险因素的差异。结果脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率85.61%,不稳定组血清总胆固醇（CHOL）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、同型半胱氨酸（HCY）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）水平及性别、糖尿病史、吸烟患者比例与稳定组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死密切相关,高水平的CHOL、TG、HCY、FIB,低水平的HDL-C及糖尿病史、吸烟史促使颈动脉粥样硬化斑块演变为不稳定斑块,故积极控制上述危险因素对预防脑梗死发生有重要意义。     

脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性与血清C反应蛋白水平的关系

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性与血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系。方法对112例颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,明确粥样硬化斑块类型,同时测定血清CRP水平。结果脑梗死患者中不稳定斑块组、稳定斑块组、无斑块组血清CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论血清CRP水平可反映脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性。     

急性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块与高敏C反应蛋白的相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块与高敏C反应蛋白的相关性。方法选取我院2012-01—2015-01收治入院的200例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据颈动脉超声结果先将患者分为无斑块组(n=100)和有斑块组(n=100),根据斑块性质进一步将有斑块组患者分为稳定斑块组(n=50)和不稳定斑块组(n=50)。患者均于人院次日清晨空腹抽取静脉血,测定血清CXC趋化因子受体16和高敏C反应蛋白水平。结果脑梗死患者有斑块组有总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高血压病、糖尿病及吸烟发生率明显高于无斑块组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);脑梗死患者有斑块组血清CXC趋化因子受体16及hs-CRP水平高于无斑块组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);脑梗死患者不稳定斑块组血清CXC趋化因子受体16及hs-CRP水平均高于稳定斑块组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高敏C反应蛋白、血清CXC趋化因子受体16均可预测脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化及斑块的稳定性。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。