威灵仙总皂苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎抗炎作用的研究

目的通过观察威灵仙总皂苷对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的影响,探讨其抗炎作用。方法利用Freund’s完全佐剂足趾皮内注射致大鼠关节炎,观察威灵仙总皂苷25、50、100 mg.kg-1三种剂量对佐剂性关节炎大鼠原发性病变和继发性足跖肿胀的影响,以及对细胞因子IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和炎症介质PGE2含量的影响。结果威灵仙总皂苷25、50、100 mg.kg-1对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的原发性和继发性足跖肿胀都有显著性作用,同时对IL-1、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和PGE2有抑制作用或趋势。结论威灵仙总皂苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎具有较显著的抗炎作用。     

祛风息痛丸对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用

目的观察祛风息痛丸对佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用,为其临床治疗类风湿性关节炎提供实验依据。方法建立佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型,采用玻璃容器法测定大鼠原发性和继发性足爪肿胀度。采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清白细胞介素1(IL-1)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)含量。结果祛风息痛丸0.26,0.78和2.34g.kg-1连续灌胃3d显著抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠原发性足爪肿胀,对致炎后18h的肿胀抑制率分别为21.4%,36.8%和65.0%。同剂量祛风息痛丸连续灌胃30d对佐剂性关节炎大鼠继发性即非致炎侧关节肿胀具有明显的抑制作用,并可明显降低多发性关节炎病变评分,中、大剂量可明显降低血清IL-1和TNFα含量。结论祛风息痛丸对实验性佐剂性关节炎具有治疗作用。     

银杏叶提取物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清抗氧化能力及肿瘤坏死因子含量的影响

目的:考察银杏叶提取物(EGb761)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠血清抗氧化能力及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量的影响,初步探讨银杏叶提取物治疗佐剂性关节炎的作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠于右后足跖皮内注射弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)0.1 mL建立大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型。致炎第12天分别应用EGb761低、中、高剂量(50,100,200 mg.kg-1)灌胃对其进行治疗,连续给药16 d;并以雷公藤多苷(40 mg.kg-1)作为阳性对照。采用足容积法测量继发侧足肿胀度。致炎第28天处死大鼠,收集血清,检测血清中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活力、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)及TNF-α含量。结果:致炎后第12天,大鼠继发性关节炎出现,给予不同剂量的EGb761(50,100,200 mg.kg-1),从致炎后第20天开始,EGb761可明显减轻继发性AA大鼠足爪的肿胀度;与模型对照组比较,EGb761各剂量组大鼠血清中MPO、iNOS活力及MDA、NO和TNF-α含量均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),而SOD含量明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:EGb761对AA大鼠继发性炎症具有显著的治疗作用,其作用机制可能与提高AA大鼠血清抗氧化能力,抑制致炎因子TNF-α生成有关。     

阿克他利对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及部分机制研究

目的　研究阿克他利 (Acta)的抗炎和免疫调节作用。方法　观察佐剂性关节炎 (AA)大鼠给药后原发和继发性足肿胀、免疫功能及前列腺素释放水平的变化 ,并检测Acta体外对正常小鼠T细胞亚群的影响。结果　Acta (10 ,30与90mg·kg-1)灌胃给药 (ig)对佐剂性关节炎 (AA)大鼠的原发炎症反应无明显影响 ,但可明显抑制AA大鼠继发性的关节肿胀 ,改善AA大鼠多发性关节炎病变症状。体外研究发现 ,Acta (10 ,30与 90mg·kg-1)ig能使AA大鼠低下的ConA诱导的增殖反应和IL 2恢复接近正常 ,对AA大鼠过高的IL 1产生有明显的抑制作用 ,但对大鼠PMΦ产生的PGE2 水平无明显影响。体外培养发现 ,Acta (1～ 10 0 μmol·L-1)可抑制正常小鼠ConA诱导的Th细胞 ,促进ConA诱导的Ts细胞。结论　Acta无明显的抗炎作用 ,但具有免疫调节作用 ,通过调节细胞免疫功能 ,实现对AA大鼠的治疗作用。     

复方抗类风湿胶囊药理学研究

目的研究复方抗类风湿胶囊有无抗炎、镇痛作用。方法用佐剂性关节炎和多种炎症模型,观察本品的抗炎作用;以小鼠扭体法了解其镇痛作用。结果:本品对大鼠佐剂关节炎有显著的预防和治疗作用;对多种炎症模型有显著的抑制作用;对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应有明显的镇痛作用。结论复方抗类风湿胶囊具有良好的抗炎、镇痛作用,对佐剂性关节炎具有明显的预防和治疗作用。     

右酮洛芬氨丁三醇对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及胃肠道损伤作用的研究

目的　研究右酮洛芬氨丁三醇 (D KPT)对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及胃肠道损伤作用。方法　采用大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型 ,观察D KPT对佐剂性关节炎大鼠原发和继发性症状的作用以及对前列腺素E2 和胃、十二指肠的影响。结果　D KPT(2 5、5、10mg·kg-1)不仅能抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠的原发性炎症 ,而且对继发性炎症和多发性关节炎有抑制作用。D KPT(10 -8、10 -7、10 -6 、10 -5、10 -4 mol·L-1)体外对佐剂性关节炎大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生过高的PGE2 有抑制作用。D KPT(10mg·kg-1)对胃、十二指肠黏膜有损伤作用 ,但损伤程度小于酮洛芬 (KP) (10mg·kg-1)。结论　D KPT对佐剂性关节炎大鼠有治疗作用 ,同时对胃、十二指肠损伤小于KP。     

美洛昔康抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的考察关洛昔康（MLX）的抗炎镇痛作用。方法将50只大鼠随机分为溶剂对照组，MLX高、中、低剂量组和吡罗昔康对照组。分别采用角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀、大鼠皮下琼脂肉芽肿法研究MLX抗炎性渗出作用；制作大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型，观察MLX对佐荆性大鼠关节炎的预防和治疗效果；采用机械刺激大鼠炎性组织致痛法研究MLX的镇痛作用。结果MLX能明显抑制角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀和皮下琼脂肉芽肿生长（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；对佐剂引起的炎性反应具有剂量依赖性预防和治疗作用（P〈0．05和P〈0．01），并可减少鼠尾病变发生率（P〈0．01）；MLX还可明显抑制炎性疼痛。给药后1．5h起效并可持续6h。结论MLX具有良好的抗炎和镇痛作用。     

复方甘草酸苷对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6表达水平的影响

目的:研究复方甘草酸苷对佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中TNF-αIL-1和IL-6表达水平的影响,以探讨复方甘草酸苷对佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用.方法:通过给大鼠右后足跖部皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)建立类风湿性关节炎的动物模型(AA),在致炎后第14d,大鼠继发性关节炎出现.开始在治疗组AA大鼠腹腔注射复方甘草酸苷注射液2mg...     

重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎继发性炎症的抑制作用

目的　观察重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎 (AA)继发性炎症是否有抑制作用。方法　用足容积测量仪检测足爪容积并对关节炎症程度进行目测评分 ;HE染色检测非致炎侧膝关节的病理改变。结果　福氏完全佐剂 (CFA)致炎后d 1 0 ,继发性炎症出现 ,同时给予不同剂量的内抑素(0 1、0 5、2 5mg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 ,sc) ,连续 7d。结果发现 ,内抑素 2 5mg·kg- 1 对AA大鼠的继发性足肿胀有明显的抑制作用 ;致炎后d 30病理检查显示AA大鼠的关节内滑膜增厚 ,滑膜衬层细胞增生并伴有新生血管形成 ,滑膜细胞有不同程度的脂肪变性 ;软骨及骨遭到破坏 ,且透明软骨内基质降解及新生血管形成。给予不同剂量的内抑素对AA大鼠关节组织的上述病理改变有不同程度的改善作用 ,内抑素 2 5mg·kg- 1 对AA大鼠的关节病理损伤有完全的抑制作用 ,同时可见滑膜组织内大量胶原沉积和滑膜细胞的脂肪变性。结论　重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的继发性炎症有显著的抑制作用 ,并能阻止关节炎的病理改变     

翁布总黄酮对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的免疫调节机制

目的研究翁布总黄酮对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的免疫调节机制。方法用弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)诱导大鼠AA模型。足容积法测量继发侧足肿胀度,观察该药对AA大鼠免疫器官的影响,MTT法检测ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖转化,中性红实验测定小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL-2和TNF-α的水平。结果致炎后d 12,大鼠继发性关节炎出现,同时灌胃给予不同剂量的翁布总黄酮及吲哚美辛,连续两周。从d 24起,翁布总黄酮(1.0、1.5 g.kg-1)对AA大鼠继发性炎症反应有明显的治疗作用。翁布总黄酮各剂量组可不同程度降低AA大鼠胸腺指数和TNF-α含量,提高淋巴细胞增殖反应、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和IL-2的含量。结论翁布总黄酮对AA大鼠继发性炎症有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与其改善AA大鼠异常的细胞免疫功能有关。     

Decreased intestinal CYP3A and P-glycoprotein activities in rats with adjuvant arthritis

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats have been used as an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis. Several studies have shown that the pharmacokinetics of a number of drugs are altered in AA rats. We investigated the effects of AA on the barrier functions of the intestine using a rat model. Intestinal CYP3A activities (midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin 7-hydroxylation) in AA rats were significantly decreased compared with those in normal rats, with marked decrease observed in the upper segment of intestine. Intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity at upper segment was also significantly decreased in AA rats to 60% of that in normal rats, and the other segments (middle and lower) of intestine also exhibited tendencies toward decrease in P-gp activity. This decrease was supported by the finding that levels of mdr1a mRNA and P-gp protein were decreased in AA rats. No significant differences were observed in intestinal paracellular and transcellular permeability between AA and normal rats. These results suggest that intestinal CYP3A and P-gp activities are decreased in AA rats, and that the pharmacokinetics and bioavailabilities of drugs whose membrane permeation is limited by intestinal CYP3A and/or P-gp may be altered in rheumatic diseases.     

雷公藤微囊的药效学研究

雷公藤微囊（５～１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）对大鼠角叉菜胶足肿胀、棉球肉牙肿及大鼠佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）均有明显的抑制作用，并能抑制ＡＡ大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生的白细胞介素１（ＩＬ－１）和小鼠溶血素抗体生成。体外实验发现，雷公藤微囊对刀豆蛋白诱导的小鼠脾细胞增殖反应及脂多糖诱导的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生的ＩＬ－１均具有剂量依赖性的抑制作用。提示雷公藤微囊不仅具有明显的抗炎作用，而且具有免疫抑制作用。     

国产氯苯扎利的药效学研究

氯苯扎利（Ｌｏｂ，２５，５０与１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）对大鼠角叉菜胶足肿胀、棉球内芽肿均无明显抑制作用。而Ｌｏｂ三种剂量与二种给药方案对佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）大鼠的多发性关节肿胀均有明显的防治作用，并能使ＡＡ大鼠低下的脾细胞ＣｏｎＡ增殖反应恢复正常，还能使ＡＡ大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＰＭΦ）升高的ＩＬ－１水平降低。在环磷酰胺（Ｃｙ）诱导溶血素抗体生成低下或增高的小鼠模型上，Ｌｏｂ均呈现反向调节作用。Ｌｏｂ（０．００１～１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对正常小鼠脾细胞的ＣｏｎＡ增殖反应具有低浓度促进和高浓度抑制的双向调节作用。     

Alteration of interleukin-1 activity and the acute phase response in adjuvant arthritic rats treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity and the acute phase response, as measured by plasma CRP and iron, were used to determine if the standard disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), gold, chloroquine and D-penicillamine had a common profile of activity in the adjuvant arthritic (AA) rat. All drugs were tested at a dose which significantly reduced noninjected paw swelling in AA rats. Inhibition of paw edema ranged from 37% for D-penicillamine (100 mg/kg) to 69% for auranofin (10 mg/kg). Two week medication of AA rats with gold sodium thiomalate (GST, 10 mg/kg, i.m.) or auranofin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in a significant decrease in splenic IL-1 activity, as measured in the standard lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) assay. The acute phase response, often associated with elevated IL-1 activity, was also significantly reduced following treatment of AA rats with 10 mg/kg of GST or auranofin (oral gold). Inhibition of the acute phase response by gold was determined by a significant reduction of plasma CRP levels (56-71% reduction) and enhancement of plasma iron levels (27-52% enhancement). In contrast to the effect of GST and auranofin on IL-1, CRP and iron, treatment with chloroquine (20, 30 and 35 mg/kg) and D-penicillamine (55 and 100 mg/kg) failed to reduce the acute phase response (as measured by plasma CRP and iron) or alter LAF activity from AA rat spleen cell supernatants. Based on its ability to reduce LAF activity in spleen cell supernatants and reduce the acute phase response, it is possible that the activity of gold in the AA rat may in part be due to its ability to inhibit IL-1 production in vivo. The inability of chloroquine and D-penicillamine to alter LAF activity and the acute phase response in AA rats does not preclude their possession of an immunoregulatory mechanism of action, but it does indicate that their mechanism of action in the AA rat probably differs from that of GST and auranofin.     

Effects of repeated morphine on cerebral dopamine release and metabolism in AA and ANA rats

Cerebral dopaminergic mechanisms were studied in the nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen of alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and alcohol-avoiding ANA (Alko Non-Alcohol) rats after 4-day repeated morphine treatment. This treatment has been shown to enhance the locomotor activity stimulating effect of morphine in the AA but not in the ANA rats. Morphine (1 or 3 mg/kg) or saline was administered subcutaneously once daily and the extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured, in freely moving rats by in vivo microdialysis on days 1 and 4. Morphine increased accumbal DA, DOPAC and HVA similarly in rats of both lines, and no sensitization of DA release or metabolism was seen in rats of either line given morphine repeatedly. In the caudate-putamen, morphine increased DA, DOPAC and HVA significantly only in the AA rats. During repeated treatment, the morphine-induced elevation of DA metabolites, but not that of DA, was enhanced similarly in rats of both lines. These results suggest that the effects of acute morphine administration on nigrostriatal dopaminergic mechanisms are stronger in the AA than in the ANA rats, whereas the effects of morphine on mesolimbic dopaminergic systems do not differ. Furthermore, in rats of both lines, repeated morphine treatment enhanced the responses of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems similarly, but no enhancement occurred in the mesolimbic systems of rats of either line. These findings do not support the critical role of accumbal dopaminergic systems in morphine-induced behavioural sensitization.     

Suppression of adjuvant arthritis by hesperidin in rats and its mechanisms

The citrus flavonoid hesperidin has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. We have investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of hesperidin on the development of adjuvant arthritis (AA), a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Freund's complete adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling, polyarthritis index and histopathological assessment of ankle joints were used to evaluate the effects of hesperidin on AA rats. Concanavalin-A-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 production by splenocytes were measured using the MTT assay. Levels of IL-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha secreted by peritoneal macrophages (PM) were measured by RIA. Intragastric administration of hesperidin significantly attenuated secondary paw swelling and reduced the polyarthritis index of AA rats in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, hesperidin clearly ameliorated the pathological changes in AA rats. Hesperidin also restored the suppression of T-lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production, and downregulated production of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha by PM in AA rats. Our results suggest that hesperidin improves AA by downregulating the function of over-active macrophages and by up-regulating the activities of dysfunctional T lymphocytes. Hesperidin may therefore have therapeutic value for the clinical treatment of RA. Further research is required to clarify the detailed mechanisms of the protective effects of hesperidin on AA.     

重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的影响

目的　观察重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎 (adju vantarthritis,AA)的影响及其作用机制。方法　用福氏完全佐剂 (CFA)诱导大鼠AA模型 ,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应 ,IL 1、IL 2活性的检测采用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法 ,用放免法检测滑膜细胞培养上清液中IL 1和TNF α水平。结果　CFA致炎后d10 ,AA大鼠出现继发性炎症 ,给予不同剂量的内抑素 0 1、0 5、2 5mg·kg- 1·d- 1,sc ,连续 7d。结果发现 ,内抑素对AA大鼠的继发性足肿胀有抑制作用 ;进一步研究表明内抑素明显抑制AA大鼠过高的ConA诱导的脾细胞增殖反应 ,降低脾细胞IL 2的产生 ;对腹腔巨噬细胞(peritonealmacrophage ,PMΦ)产生过高的IL 1有抑制作用 ;另外 ,内抑素也可明显抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞产生过高的IL 1和TNF水平。结论　重组人内抑素对AA大鼠具有治疗作用 ,其机制可能与其调节机体异常的免疫有关     

橙皮苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用及机制

目的研究橙皮苷(hesperidin,HDN)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的治疗作用及部分机制。方法用弗氏完全佐剂(FCA)诱导大鼠AA模型;足容积法测量继发侧足肿胀度;MTT法检测刀豆蛋白(ConA)和脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;放免法测定脾淋巴细胞产生IL-2的水平以及腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦ)IL-1,IL-6和TNF-α的水平;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定PMΦ产生IL-10的水平。结果致炎后d12,大鼠继发性关节炎出现,同时灌胃给予不同剂量的HDN(40、80、160mg·kg-1),连续12d,从致炎后d20开始,HDN(80、160mg·kg-1)对AA大鼠继发性炎症有明显抑制作用;HDN各剂量可不同程度地纠正AA大鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应和脾细胞IL-2的产生,降低AA大鼠PMΦ产生过高的IL-1,IL-6和TNF-α,同时上调AA大鼠PMΦ低下的IL-10水平。结论HDN对AA大鼠继发性炎症具有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与调节机体异常的免疫功能和维持细胞因子网络平衡有关。     

Immunopharmacological studies of new 3-benzoyl-4-mercaptobutyric acids. Immunomodulating effects

A number of D-penicillamine (PA) derivatives (3-benzoyl-4-mercaptobutyric acids) having acetylthio groups on an alpha or beta position of a carboxylic acid, were synthesized and examined for their immunological effects compared with PA. New PA derivatives suppressed adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in SD rats and enhanced AA in Lewis rats like PA. Suppressive effects of 2-acetylthiomethyl-3-(4-methyl-benzoyl)propionic acid (compound II-3) on AA in SD rats was most potent among PA derivatives and PA. II-3 enhanced type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats more effectively than PA, and it slightly prolonged the survival time of NZBXNZW hybrid (BWF1) mice. Hemolytic plaque forming cells in the spleen cells of BDF1 and aged Balb/c mice were potentiated but those of BWF1 were suppressed by both compounds. In in vitro experiments, both compounds enhanced lymphocyte transformation. On the contrary, II-3 had no effect on the acute inflammatory response, delayed type hypersensitivity and IgE antibody response. The abnormal release of lysosomal enzymes from the peritoneal macrophages of aged MRL/l mice were suppressed by both compounds. These results suggest that II-3 is an immunomodulator like PA but more effective than PA. II-3 may be clinically effective for rheumatoid arthritis.