乳腺癌组织中bag-1、ER和PR的表达及意义

目的检测bag-1,ER和PR在乳腺癌组织中的表达与分布情况,探讨bag-1、ER和PR的表达水平在乳腺癌发病、早期诊断方面的价值。方法采用免疫组化SABC法观察了100例乳腺癌与35例乳腺良性肿瘤及10例正常乳腺组织的石蜡标本切片中bag-1,ER和PR的表达与分布情况。结果bag-1在乳腺癌组织中,乳腺良性肿瘤中,正常乳腺组织中阳性表达率分别为85.0%,11.5%,10.0%,差异明显(P<0.05)。ER在乳腺癌组织中,乳腺良性肿瘤中,正常乳腺组织中阳性表达率分别为61.0%,28.6%,30.0%,差异明显(P<0.05)。PR在乳腺癌组织中,乳腺良性肿瘤中,正常乳腺组织中阳性表达率分别为64.0%,31.5%,30.0%,差异明显(P<0.05)。结论在乳腺癌发病过程中,bag-1,ER和PR可能起着重要的作用,同时检测bag-1、ER和PR的表达与分布情况,在乳腺癌的早期诊断方面有一定价值。     

岩藻糖转移酶9在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 本研究探讨岩藻糖转移酶9（fucosyltransferase9,FUT9）在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与乳腺癌临床病理因素的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测11例良性乳腺增生组织和114例乳腺癌组织（其中47例合并转移淋巴结,67例无转移淋巴结）中FUT9的表达。结果 FUT9在良性乳腺增生组织中的阳性表达率为9.1%（1/11）,而在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为71.9%(82/114),在转移的淋巴灶中阳性表达率为100%（47/47）。乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率明显高于良性乳腺增生组织的阳性表达率,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。乳腺癌组织中有淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率为80.9%（38/47）,明显高于无淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率65.7%（44/67）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在有淋巴结转移组FUT9的表达与TNM分期以及转移的淋巴结个数相关（P<0.05）。FUT9的表达与ER、PR、HER2的表达无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 FUT9在乳腺癌组织中的表达明显增高;FUT9的表达与淋巴结转移、转移的淋巴结个数以及TNM分期有关;FUT9可能与乳腺癌淋巴道转移有关。     

乳腺癌中肾上腺髓质素的表达及其与癌组织分化、转移间的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中肾上腺髓质素（adrenomedullin, ADM）的表达情况及其临床意义。方法：取河北医科大学第四医院外一科2005年3月至2005年4月手术切除的32例乳腺癌组织,以及同组病例距癌组织外缘5 cm外的癌旁乳腺组织,采用RTPCR检测人乳腺癌细胞株MCF7和32例乳腺癌组织及癌旁组织中ADM mRNA的表达情况,免疫组织化学染色检测32例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、CerbB2的表达情况,并分析ADM mRNA 与临床病理指标之间以及与ER、PR、GerbB2表达间的关系。结果：人乳腺癌MCF7细胞株呈ADM mRNA阳性表达。乳腺癌组织中ADM mRNA阳性表达率为75%（24/32）,显著高于癌旁5 cm外乳腺组织（0%,0/32;P<0.01）。人乳腺癌组织ADM mRNA的表达与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、病理类型、ER、PR和CerbB2等临床病理指标无关,但与组织学分级（P<0.01）和腋窝淋巴结转移有关（P<0.05）。结论： ADM mRNA在乳腺癌组织中表达增加,其强阳性表达与组织学分化差或腋窝淋巴结转移密切相关。     

VEGF在乳腺癌中的表达及其与ER、PR的相关性研究

目的：研究VEGF蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达情况及其与ER、PR的相关性。方法：采用免疫组织化学SP法检测VEGF、ER和PR在乳腺癌组织中的表达情况。结果：VEGF蛋白在乳腺癌和对照组乳腺良性病变组织中的阳性表达率分别为70.0%（42/60）和10.0%（2/20）,两者具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。60例乳腺癌组织中ER表达37例呈阳性反应（37/60,61%）,PR表达36例呈阳性反应（36/60,60%）,VEGF蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达与ER标记指数呈负相关关系（P〈0.05）,和PR标记指数、发病年龄无关,与淋巴结转移、临床分期和病理分级密切相关。结论：VEGF蛋白在乳腺癌组织中表达上调,提示在乳腺癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,乳腺癌中VEGF、ER/PR联合检测,将对乳腺癌的治疗及预后判断起到互补作用,有一定临床应用价值。     

乳腺癌中bag-1的表达及与腋窝淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中bag-1的表达及其与肿瘤细胞增殖和腋窝淋巴结转移的关系。方法收集100例乳腺癌,其中有腋窝淋巴结转移的58例。采用免疫组化SABC法检测bag-1的表达情况。结果bag-1在乳腺癌组织中阳性表达率为85.0%;在I、II、III期的乳腺癌中bag-1阳性表达率分别为87.5%,82.4%,88.2%,三者无明显差异(P>0.05);有腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中bag-1阳性表达率为89.6%,无腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中bag-1阳性表达率为78.6%,无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论乳腺癌中bag-1高表达,其表达与肿瘤细胞增殖和腋窝淋巴结转移无关。     

ERα和ERβ在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:观察ERα和ERβ蛋白表达与乳腺癌临床病理参数的相关性及临床意义。方法:收集散发性乳腺癌标本214例,乳腺纤维腺瘤组织25例,应用SP免疫组化法检测ERα和ERβ蛋白的表达情况,并分析与乳腺癌患者临床指标及病理参数的相关性。结果:乳腺癌中ERα、ERβ蛋白表达阳性率分别为56.5%（121/214）、62.1%（133/214）,乳腺纤维腺瘤中ERα、ERβ蛋白表达阳性率分别76.0%（19/25）、84.0%（21/25）,与乳腺纤维腺瘤组织比较,乳腺癌组织ERα蛋白阳性表达率无差异,ERβ蛋白阳性表达率显著低于乳腺纤维腺瘤组织（P=0.031）。在乳腺癌组织中,ERα蛋白表达水平与患者年龄、病理类型、临床分级及淋巴结转移、HER-2、p53蛋白表达均未见相关性,与PR蛋白表达正相关（P<0.000 1）。 ERβ蛋白表达与患者年龄和绝经状态相关,在不同的病理类型中,浸润性小叶癌的ERβ蛋白表达阳性率明显高于其它类型肿瘤（P=0.029）;ERβ蛋白表达与临床分级、淋巴结转移情况、HER-2、p53蛋白表达比较均未见相关性。生存分析发现,ERα和ERβ蛋白表达对乳腺癌患者总体生存期未见显著影响,ERα和ERβ均阳性表达的乳腺癌患者,OS时间明显延长（P<0.05）。结论:ERα、ERβ蛋白在乳腺癌组织的异常表达与患者年龄、绝经状态、病理类型相关,二者协同表达对于乳腺癌的发生和发展更具指导意义。     

乳腺癌淋巴管密度的临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中淋巴管密度（LVD）与临床病理参数的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法对100例乳腺癌组织和20例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中LYVE-1的表达进行检测,计数LVD,分析LVD与乳腺癌淋巴结转移及其它病理参数之间的相互关系。结果乳腺癌组织中LVD显著高于乳腺纤维腺瘤组织（P〈0.01）,有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织LVD显著高于无淋巴结转移者（P〈0.01）。LVD与年龄、肿瘤大小、ER、PR、c-erbB2无关（P〉0.05）,与病理分期显著相关（P〈0.01）。结论 LVD与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移有关,可作为乳腺癌淋巴结转移的生物学指标。     

乳腺癌 EphA2,ERα 和 ERβ 蛋白的表达及意义简

目的：研究EphA2,ERα和ERβ等在乳腺癌中的表达及意义。方法：用免疫组织化学SP法检测130例乳腺癌组织中EphA2,ERα和ERβ表达水平及与临床病理因素的关系。结果：EphA2,ERα和ERβ在130例乳腺癌组织中的阳性率分别为72．31％,63．08％和53．08％。EphA2在乳腺癌的阳性表达率与临床分期、淋巴结转移和组织学分级显著相关（P〈0．05）。ERα的阳性表达率与各临床病理因素均无显著相关（P〉0．05）。ERβ的阳性表达与组织学分级显著相关（P〈0．05）。EphA2的阳性表达率在乳腺癌ERα阴性组显著高于ERα阳性组（P〈0．05）。EphA2在乳腺癌中表达的阳性率与ERβ在乳腺癌中的阳性率呈显著性相关（P〈0．05）,即EphA2表达的阳性率随着ERβ阳性率的增高呈升高趋势。结论：乳腺癌的发生发展与E—phA2,ERα和ERβ有关。可通过联合检测它们在乳腺癌中的表达来评估乳腺癌的生物学行为、指导临床用药和预测预后。     

散发性乳腺癌中影响BRCA1蛋白失表达的参数分析

目的：探讨影响散发性乳腺癌中乳腺癌易感基因（BRCA1）蛋白表达的因素与临床病理指标的相关性、方法：免疫组织化学SP法检测乳腺良性病变组织和散发性乳隙癌组织中BRCAl、ERa和HER-2的表达．收集患者临床资料，通过Spearman相关分析和校正的Peamson X^2检验进行统计分析结果：在良性乳腺病变组织中，BRCA1和ERα蛋白在细胞核的阳性表达率分别为100．0％（20／20）和80．0％（16／20）．HER-2在细胞膜阳性表达率为15．0％（3／20）；在散发性乳腺癌组织中。BRCA1和ERα蛋白在细胞核阳性表达率分别为57．5％（88／153）和64．1％（98／153），HER-2在细胞膜阳性表达率为34．0％（52／153）；与良性乳腺病变组织比较．乳腺癌组织中BIICA1阳性表达率明显降低，差异显著（P〈0．05），ERα和HER-2表达率差异不显著（P〉0．05）蛋白表达相关分析及患者临床资料分析表明：BRCA1失表达与ERα失表达相关、与HER-2过表达相关．ERα失表达与HER-2过表达相关：在HER-2过表达、ERα失表达的癌组织中BRCA1失表达率最高；BRCA1失表达与患者高发病年龄、腋淋巴结转移相关．而与乳腺癌病理类型无明显相关结论：在散发性乳腺癌组织中。BRCA1蛋白失表达与ERα失表达、HER-2过表达、患者年龄较高及伴有腋淋巴结转移等相关，BRCA1蛋白失表达参与散定性乳腺癌的发生发展。     

乳腺癌组织中 BSP 表达及意义

目的：探讨骨唾液蛋白（BSP）在乳腺癌组织中的表达状况及与相关因素年龄、淋巴结转移、骨转移、C-erbB-2的关系.方法：应用免疫组化SP法检测60例乳腺癌与60例正常乳腺组织中BSP的表达,以及在乳腺癌组织中的表达与年龄、淋巴结转移、骨转移、C-erbB-2相关因素进行分析.结果：乳腺癌组织中BSP阳性表达率为78.3%,正常乳腺组织中BSP阳性表达率为15.0%,P＜0.05有统计学差异.BSP表达与年龄、骨转移相关（P＜0.05）.结论：BSP在乳腺癌组织中高表达,与乳腺癌浸润和骨转移密切相关,能指导判断乳腺癌侵袭、转移及预后.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.