快速听性脑干反应在新生儿听力筛查中的应用价值

【目的】探讨快速听性脑干反应(autoauditory brainstem response,AABR)在新生儿听力筛查中的应用价值和特点。【方法】对700例未通过使用瞬态耳声发射(transient evoked otoacoustic emissions,TEOAE)筛查的新生儿和高危儿于生后42 d时应用TEOAE AABR进行听力复筛,AABR未通过者需进行ABR确诊。【结果】TEOAE复筛未通过率为18.3%,接受AABR筛查未通过率为12.7%。2例高危儿初筛TEOAE通过,而AABR复查未通过,后经两次ABR确诊为听力异常。【结论】AABR具有快速、方便、无创、灵敏、客观等优点,能降低TEOAE筛查假阳性和假阴性,是一种比较好的新生儿听力筛查方法,尤适合高危儿听力筛查。     

瞬态耳声发射和自动听性脑干反应联合筛查高危新生儿听力结果分析

[目的]探讨瞬态耳声发射(transit evoked otoacoustic emisson,TEOAE)和自动听性脑干反应(automatic auditory brainstem response,AABR)联合应用于高危新生儿的意义.[方法]运用TEOAE和AABR对重症监护室治疗的145例高危新生儿进行听力筛查,可疑患儿在3月龄时进行听性脑干反应、40 Hz听觉相关电位、稳态诱发电位、声导抗测试等诊断性检查.[结果]在145例(290耳)中,有258耳通过了TEOAE和AABR联合筛查进入随访阶段;20耳未通过TEOAE和AABR筛查;TEOAE未通过而AABR通过11耳;1耳TEOAE通过而AABR未通过,经诊断有7例(13耳)存在不同程度的听力损伤.[结论]TEOAE和AABR联合筛查应用在高危新生儿,更有利于听力损伤患儿的早期发现、早期诊断和早期干预.     

窒息新生儿听力筛查136例临床分析

【目的】分析136例窒息新生儿听力筛查的结果,为早期干预治疗提供依据。【方法】对136例窒息新生儿及同期的正常新生儿5 346例进行听力筛查的结果进行比较。【结果】轻度窒息组瞬态诱发耳声发射(transitevoked otoacoustic emission,TEOAE)初筛未通过(率)17例(18.09%),42 d自动听性脑干反应(automatic auditory brain-stemresponse,AABR)复筛未通过(率)8例(8.51%);重度窒息组TEOAE初筛未通过(率)14例(33.33%),42 d AABR复筛未通过(率)9例(21.43%);对照组TEOAE初筛未通过(率)467例(8.74%),42 d AABR复筛未通过(率)56例(1.05%)。窒息新生儿的听力筛查未通过率明显高于正常新生儿;轻、重度窒息患儿听力初筛未通过率无差别,但两者复筛未通过率重度窒息高于轻度窒息,最终3例重度窒息患儿确诊为听力障碍,其中2例为中度听力损失,1例重度听力损失。【结论】窒息新生儿的听力筛查未通过率明显多于正常新生儿;窒息程度越严重,听力受损恢复越慢。提高对窒息新生儿的复苏质量,降低窒息程...     

高胆红素血症新生儿听力筛查方法探讨

目的 探讨自动听性脑干反应(AABR)应用于高胆红素血症新生儿听力筛查的可行性.方法 对332例(664耳)高胆红素血症新生儿用TEOAE和用AABR两项检查进行比较.3个月龄时行听力学诊断评估.结果 TEOAE阳性率为13.8%,AABR阳性率为14.4%.AABR测试准确率为94.2%.确诊阳性率为9.33%.结论 AABR能减少假阴性和假阳性病例,特异性和准确性高,是用于高胆红素血症新生儿首选的听力筛查方法.     

TEOAE联合AABR在0~6月龄婴儿听力复筛中的应用

目的探讨瞬态诱发性耳声发射(TEOAE)联合自动听性脑干反应(AABR)在0~6月龄婴儿听力复筛中的应用,为提高婴儿听力筛查质量提供数据依据。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月在银川市妇幼保健院儿保科门诊同时接受TEOAE+AABR听力筛查的0~6月龄婴儿,比较不同性别、孕周、出生体质量婴儿的听力筛查未通过率、TEOAE和AABR结果的一致性。结果共3387名0~6月龄婴儿接受TEOAE和AABR听力筛查,初筛未通过率是7.62%,复筛TEOAE和AABR的未通过率分别是2.63%和1.42%。不同性别、孕周婴儿听力初筛和复筛未通过率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);不同出生体质量的婴儿初筛未通过率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),复筛(包括TEOAE和AABR)未通过率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。初筛未通过者听力复筛TEOAE和AABR的未通过率均明显高于初筛通过者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。TEOAE和AABR结果并不完全一致,结果均为通过或不通过的耳数是6700耳(98.91%)。结论TEOAE和AABR联合应用于婴儿听力筛查可提高听力筛查质量,在临床工作中有推广价值。即使新生儿听力初次筛查通过,仍应定期筛查听力,关注儿童的听力和言语发育。同时,应做好听力筛查的宣教、随访和培训工作,争取使听力损失儿童得到早发现、早诊断、早干预。     

AABR+TEOAE联合在高危儿听力复筛中的临床意义

目的:探讨联合应用自动听性脑干反应(AABR)+瞬态耳声发射(TEOAE)在重症监护室(NICU)新生儿听力复筛中的临床意义。方法:对2008年3月1日~2009年2月28日在浙江省湖州市妇幼保健院NICU住院的新生儿(高危儿)681例(1 316耳)出院前使用TEOAE初筛,在生后42天时使用AABR+TEOAE进行复筛,TEOAE或AABR未通过者均行ABR检查。结果:TEOAE初筛有201例未通过。593例高危儿(87.08%)42天时接受TEOAE+AABR复筛,34例(5.73%)复筛未通过,其中28例接受ABR检查,最终确诊听力异常14例,听力障碍发病率为2.06%,其中2例为听神经病(0.34%)。结论:高危儿听力障碍发病率高,使用AABR+TEOAE复筛能降低听力筛查假阳性和假阴性,能发现更多有听力障碍的患儿,在高危儿听力筛查中具有重要的临床意义。     

新生儿高胆红素血症与听力损伤的相关性研究

【目的】　探讨高胆红素血症患儿听损伤的定位及与胆红素水平的关系。　【方法】　对照组足月新生儿 3 0例 ,高胆红素血症患儿 2 7例 ,出院前进行瞬态诱发耳声发射 (transientevokedotoacousticemissions ,TEOAE)及自动听性脑干反应 (automaticauditorybrainstemresponse ,AABR )检测。对TEOAE未通过者于生后 6周进行复筛 ,AABR未通过者于生后 3个月接受脑干听觉诱发电位 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)测试。 　【结果】　 99只耳通过TEOAE ,82只耳通过AABR ,3只耳 3个月随访仍未通过ABR ,确诊为听损伤 ,2只耳为轻度 ,1只耳为中度。听力筛查通过率随胆红素水平的上升而下降。TEOAE方法通过率各组差异无显著性 ,AABR通过率则与之不同 ,二者比较差异有显著性。合并酸中毒及感染降低AABR通过率。　【结论】　高胆红素血症患儿听损伤发生在耳蜗后 ,仅用TEOAE方法进行听力筛查易发生漏诊 ,采用AABR方法则能提高筛查阳性率。对胆红素 >2 5 .6μmol/L的患儿应积极干预。     

耳声发射与自动听性脑干反应联合应用早期发现新生儿高胆红素血症听力损伤

目的:探讨新生儿高胆红素血症患儿微量血胆红素水平与听力损伤的关系,以及瞬态耳声发射(TEOAE)与自动听性脑干反应(AABR)在诊断新生儿高胆红素血症听力损伤中联合应用的意义。方法:对580例(1 160耳)新生儿高胆红素血症患儿于生后3~14天采用TEOAE及AABR联合检查,对其中可疑的患儿于生后3个月进行听性脑干反应(ABR)及40Hz相关电位检查,并记录其微量血胆红素高峰值。结果:①三组患儿随微量血胆红素水平增高,听力筛查阳性率增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②经TEOAE和AABR筛查发现异常者,经ABR及40 Hz相关电位检查(40 Hz-AERP)诊断,均发现有听力损伤,最终确诊听力损伤3耳,与筛查手段无关。结论:①胆红素水平越高发生听力损伤的可能性越大。②TEOAE与AABR联合筛查有利于新生儿高胆红素血症患儿蜗后病变的早期发现。     

高胆红素血症新生儿听力筛查临床意义

[目的]探讨对高胆红素血症(简称高胆)新生儿进行听力筛查的临床意义,为早期干预治疗提供依据.[方法]对286例高胆患儿和5 525例正常新生儿所做的听力筛查结果进行分析.[结果]普通高胆组瞬态诱发耳声发射(TEOAE)初筛未通过37例(17.70%),42 d自动听性脑干反应(AABR)复筛未通过16例(7.66%);严重高胆组TEOAE初筛未通过23例(29.87%),42 d AABR复筛未通过15例(19.48%);对照组TEOAE初筛未通过496例(8.98%),42 d AABR复筛未通过68例(1.23%).高胆新生儿的听力筛查未通过率明显多于正常新生儿,而且血清胆红素越高,听力异常率越高.所有高胆新生儿最终确诊为听力障碍为3例. [结论] 高胆红素血症对新生儿听力有影响,因此对高胆新生儿进行听力筛查和随访是必要的,同时及时对高胆红素血症新生儿进行干预治疗可以减少听力障碍等后遗症的发生.     

新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的:掌握现阶段新生儿听力损失的情况,寻找降低新生儿听力损伤的途径。方法:采用瞬态耳声发射技术(TEOAE)对所有正常新生儿进行初筛、复筛;对通过者采用自动听性脑干反应(AABR)进行听力学诊断。结果:初筛、复筛未通过者占总人数的1.2%;听力损失者占总人数的5.7%;耳聋者占总人数的0.8‰。结论:新生儿听力筛查十分必要,对新生儿听力损伤可通过筛查早期发现进行干预和康复训练,避免语言障碍发生。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.