早期子宫颈癌患者术后盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生情况及原因分析

目的：探究早期子宫颈癌患者接受手术治疗后盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生及其与临床病理因素的相关性。方法：回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年12月,以及2019年1月至2019年12月于云南省肿瘤医院妇科接受初始根治性手术的663例早期子宫颈癌患者的临床资料,并根据术后是否发生盆腔淋巴囊肿分为淋巴囊肿组和无淋巴囊肿组。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析术后盆腔淋巴囊肿形成的危险因素。结果：663例接受手术治疗的早期子宫颈癌患者术后盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生率为62.59%(415/663)。单因素分析显示盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生与使用的引流管类型和术后是否接受辅助化疗有关（P <0.05）。多因素分析结果显示使用负压引流管是术后盆腔淋巴囊肿发生的保护因素（P <0.05）。单因素分析显示盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生时间与FIGO分期、肿瘤分化程度、子宫颈肌壁浸润深度、切除淋巴结总数、切除髂总淋巴结总数、是否存在淋巴结转移、使用引流管类型和术后是否接受放化疗有关（P <0.05）。多因素分析显示使用负压引流管、术后未接受辅助放化疗是淋巴囊肿早期形成的保护因素（P <0.05）。结论：相较传统T型引流管,使用负压引流管可能可以降低早期子宫颈癌患者术后盆腔淋巴囊肿的发生率;术后接受辅助放化疗的患者发生盆腔淋巴囊肿的时间可能更早。     

妇科肿瘤腹膜后淋巴结切除术后淋巴囊肿形成的相关因素分析

目的:探讨妇科肿瘤患者腹膜后淋巴结切除术后淋巴囊肿形成的相关因素及对临床的指导价值。方法:回顾性分析2010年7月至2011年6月北京大学人民医院妇科行腹膜后淋巴结切除术100例妇科肿瘤患者的临床资料,对患者术后淋巴囊肿形成的相关因素进行相关性分析。结果:65例患者术后出现淋巴囊肿。(1)引流方式、是否行腹腔化疗及血清白蛋白含量是影响淋巴囊肿形成的独立因素(P均<0.05)。(2)淋巴囊肿体积与是否关闭后腹膜及切除腹膜后淋巴结数量有关(P=0.025,0.011)。(3)65例淋巴囊肿患者中,14例有自觉症状(21.5%),10例出现并发症(15.4%)。结论:(1)经腹壁引流、减少不必要的腹腔化疗及纠正低蛋白血症可预防淋巴囊肿的形成。(2)术中开放后腹膜及减少切除腹膜后淋巴结数量可减小淋巴囊肿体积,进而降低并发症的风险。     

子宫内膜癌术后盆腔淋巴囊肿危险因素分析

目的探讨子宫内膜癌术后盆腔淋巴囊肿形成的危险因素。方法收集2009年1月至2016年4月天津医科大学总医院妇产科行盆腔和(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除的子宫内膜癌患者397例,术后发生淋巴囊肿者76例。结果子宫内膜癌盆腔和(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除后淋巴囊肿的发生率为19.14%,单因素分析发现淋巴结切除范围、FIGO分期、术后化疗、术后放疗及术后放疗联合化疗与淋巴囊肿发生相关(P=0.002,P=0.010,P=0.046,P=0.040,P=0.030)。多因素Logistic回归分析,发现盆腔+腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除是淋巴囊肿形成的独立危险因素(P=0.014)。结论淋巴囊肿是子宫内膜癌盆腔和(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除后的常见并发症,采取个体化治疗,避免不必要的大范围的淋巴结清扫,将会减少淋巴囊肿的发生。     

腹腔镜腹膜外入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的效果分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜经腹膜入路与腹膜外入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结(PALN)切除治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾分析2016年5月至2018年7月因妇科恶性肿瘤(包括宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌)于武汉大学中南医院妇产科行腹腔镜下肿瘤根治术的69例患者,其中经腹膜入路腹腔镜手术者22例(对照组),腹膜外入路腹腔镜手术者47例(实验组)。分析患者的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数、术后住院天数、术后引流管拔除天数、术前与术后血红蛋白差值及其他术后并发症(如淋巴囊肿、乳糜漏、输尿管损伤、泌尿系统感染、血栓形成、肠粘连、尿潴留、膀胱阴道瘘)发生率及患者的预后情况。结果:腹腔镜经腹膜入路与腹膜外入路的总体手术时间、术中出血量、术前与术后血红蛋白差值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组的PALN手术时间、PALN切除数、术后住院时间、术后引流管拔除时间、术后肠粘连发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);淋巴囊肿、乳糜漏、输尿管损伤等发生率,以及术后随访盆腔淋巴结转移率、PALN转移率、患者生存率相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜腹膜外入路在妇科肿瘤患者的治疗中有较好的有效性和安全性,可在临床上应用推广。     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后化疗后淋巴囊肿并发感染及治疗分析

目的:探讨妇科恶性肿瘤术后化疗后淋巴囊肿感染的易感因素、防治方法及预防措施。方法:对67例妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后化疗后淋巴囊肿发生感染及治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果:中性粒细胞计数(ANC)降低、贫血、年龄>60岁患者淋巴囊肿感染率增高,抗生素联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)治疗使化疗后淋巴囊肿感染患者发热及ANC恢复天数分别缩短为(7.0±1.6)天和(6.0±1.3)天。结论:妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者化疗后ANC降低、贫血、患者年龄>60岁是淋巴囊肿感染感染主要易感因素,抗生素加用G-CSF合理应用,能减少淋巴囊肿感染发生率及严重程度。     

妇科手术后肠梗阻的危险因素分析

目的探讨妇科手术后肠梗阻发生的危险因素。方法回顾分析35例北京大学人民医院诊治的术后肠梗阻的妇科住院患者的临床资料,并与具有相同年龄同期手术但术后未发生肠梗阻的140例妇科患者进行对比分析(按1∶4比例)。结果术后肠梗阻组与非肠梗阻组相关临床资料进行单因素分析显示:妇科恶性肿瘤、开腹手术、切除盆腔淋巴结、合并盆腔粘连、手术操作时间长、术后使用镇痛泵、术后合并低钾血症与妇科手术后肠梗阻相关。多因素分析显示:手术时间是妇科手术后肠梗阻的独立危险因素。结论妇科恶性肿瘤、开腹手术、切除盆腔淋巴结、合并盆腔粘连、手术操作时间长、术后使用镇痛泵、术后合并低钾血症的妇科手术患者术后发生肠梗阻的风险增加,应提高警惕和加强术后管理,其中手术操作时间与术后肠梗阻的发生最为密切,缩短手术时间是减少术后肠梗阻发生的最为有效的措施。     

妇科恶性肿瘤腹膜后淋巴结切除术路径、要点及并发症防治

腹膜后(包括盆腔和腹主动脉旁)淋巴结切除在妇科恶性肿瘤的治疗中有重要的作用,常见的手术路径包括经腹腔路径和腹膜外路径。手术路径的选择取决于疾病治疗的整体方式、患者的特点和手术医师的技术特点。手术需要由有经验的妇科肿瘤医师实施。术中及术后近期并发症包括血管损伤、输尿管损伤、肠管损伤、神经损伤、围手术期感染,远期并发症最常见的是术后淋巴囊肿和下肢淋巴水肿。在淋巴囊肿和下肢淋巴水肿的预防中,应注意术后开放后腹膜,尽量避免使用引流管及合理使用能量器械等。     

子宫内膜癌症状性VTE发生危险因素临床分析

目的:分析子宫内膜癌患者发生静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2012年12月于北京大学人民医院妇科初治接受手术治疗并具有完整随访资料的子宫内膜癌患者496例,其中有症状的静脉血栓栓塞患者23例(血栓组),其他473例为对照组。结果:血栓组中具有下肢静脉血栓病史患者比例高于对照组(8.7%vs 0.2%,P=0.006),血栓组的平均手术时间长于对照组[(3.7±1.1)h vs(3.0±1.0)h,P=0.002],血栓组术后合并淋巴囊肿的患者比例高于对照组(17.4%vs 2.3%,P=0.003),术后肠梗阻的比例高于对照组(13.0%vs 1.9%,P=0.015),血栓组中Ⅲ/Ⅳ患者的比例高于对照组(43.5%vs 14.0%,P<0.001)。多因素分析提示,下肢深静脉血栓病史、术后淋巴囊肿、术后肠梗阻、肿瘤晚期(FIGO Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)等是内膜癌患者静脉血栓栓塞发生的独立危险因素(OR=55.306,P=0.002;OR=5.792,P=0.014;OR=5.055,P=0.050;OR=3.676,P=0.007)。结论:既往有下肢深静脉血栓病史、术后肠梗阻、术后淋巴囊肿、肿瘤晚期是子宫内膜癌患者VTE发生的独立危险因素。     

腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术治疗早期子宫颈癌的疗效及对患者预后和生命质量的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术[即腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术( LRH+ LPL)]治疗早期(Ⅰa2～Ⅱa期)宫颈癌的疗效及对患者预后和生命质量的影响.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月1日至2011年1月1日在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院妇瘤科行LRH+ LPL的85例早期宫颈癌患者(腹腔镜组)和行开腹广泛性子宫切除术[即开腹广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除术( ARH+ APL)]的85例早期宫颈癌患者(开腹组)的临床病理资料,采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORT)的生命质量核心量表——EORTC2C30及自制的特异性量表对存活患者进行生命质量调查,比较两组患者的疗效及生命质量调查结果,并采用Cox比例风险模型分析影响患者预后的因素.结果 腹腔镜组中2例患者中转开腹,其他患者均成功完成了LRH+ LPL.与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组的手术时间[腹腔镜组和开腹组分别为( 242±74)和(190±61) min,P=0.000]明显增加,术中出血量[分别为( 367±252)和(460±220)ml,P=0.006]明显减少,术后肛门排气时间[分别为(45±7)和(63±11)h,P=0.000]、术后排尿功能恢复时间[分别为(19±4)和(21±4)d,P=0.000]明显减少,而盆腔淋巴结切除数目、宫旁组织切除长度、阴道切除长度以及术中、术后并发症发生率无明显差异(P＞0.05).开腹组与腹腔镜组患者的复发率和病死率(均分别为7％和5％,P=0.540)、累积5年无瘤生存率(分别为90％和94％,P=0.812)、累积5年总生存率(分别为90％和95％,P=0.532)、生命质量调查结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Cox比例风险模型分析显示,仅脉管浸润是影响宫颈癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P=0.016).结论 LRH+ LPL治疗早期宫颈癌能达到与ARH+ APL相同的疗效,而术中出血量少,术后恢复快,且患者术后生命质量相似;脉管浸润是影响患者预后的独立危险因素,而手术方式并不影响患者预后.因此,对于有经验的术者,LRH+LPL是治疗早期宫颈癌的一种较为理想的手术方式的选择.     

高频电刀和超声刀在腹腔镜下宫颈癌手术中的应用价值研究

目的探讨高频电刀在腹腔镜下宫颈癌手术中的应用价值。方法河北医科大学第四医院妇科于2006年11月至2015年8月应用高频电刀和超声刀行腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除及(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除共530例,对比分析两组各项手术指标以及并发症之间的差异。结果两种手术器械均能顺利完成手术,两组术中淋巴结切除时间、淋巴结切除个数、根治性子宫切除时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院天数、术后拔除尿管时间、术后拔除引流管时间等差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组血管损伤、输尿管损伤、膀胱损伤、肠道损伤、术后肠梗阻、淋巴囊肿等并发症比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用高频电刀行腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除及(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除能达到同超声刀相同的手术效果,具有一定临床应用价值。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜下子宫颈癌术后盆腔淋巴囊肿形成的危险因素分析#br#

Objective?To evaluate the factors influencing the formation of pelvic lymphocysts after Da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy of cervical cancer. Methods?A retrospective study was conducted on 186 patients who underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cervical cancer surgery from December 2017 to December 2019 in the Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. According to whether pelvic lymphocysts were formed after surgery, the patients were divided into the lymphocyst group (n=40) and the non-lymphocysts group (n=146). Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative pelvic lymphocysts. Results?Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of postoperative pelvic lymphocysts was correlated with the patient’s age, clinical stage, lymph node removal range and number, postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, body mass index (BMI) (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis shown that the clinical stage, the range and number of lymph node resection, concurrent postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and BMI were the risk factors for postoperative pelvic lymphocysts (P<0.05), and the OR values were>1. Conclusion?The results show that clinical staging, range and number of lymph node dissection, postoperative concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, BMI are risk factors for the occurrence of pelvic lymphocysts after Da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy of cervical cancer.     

Pelvic and paraaortic lymphocysts after radical surgery because of cervical and ovarian cancer

To determine the incidence and clinical import of lymphocysts after radical gynecologic surgery including lymphadenectomy, we reviewed the records of 173 patients with cervical cancer and 135 patients with ovarian cancer who were followed up by computed tomography. Lymphocysts were found in 35 (20%) and 43 (32%) of the patients, respectively. Patients with cervical cancer and positive lymph nodes had a significantly higher rate of lymphocyst formation than did those with negative nodes (29% versus 14%, respectively, p less than 0.02). Age, type of lymphadenectomy, volume of fluid furthered by postoperative drains, disease stage, and tumor histology were not related to lymphocyst development. We saw no complications strictly attributable to lymphocysts. The clinical import and treatment possibilities are discussed.     

Management of pelvic lymphocysts by ultrasound-guided aspiration and minocycline sclerotherapy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe our experience with ultrasound-guided aspiration of postoperative pelvic lymphocysts followed by intracavitary minocycline injection as sclerotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1997 to 2003, patients who developed either symptomatic or persistent lymphocyst after pelvic lymphadenectomy for gynecological malignancy were recruited in this study. All of the lymphocysts were palpable and were further examined by ultrasonography. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of the lymphocyst was performed and then immediately followed by a single-dose injection of minocycline into the collapsed cavity. Follow-up was conducted every 4 weeks with pelvic examination and ultrasonography. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with a total of 21 pelvic lymphocysts underwent this procedure. The median size of the lymphocysts was 6 cm in diameter (range, 4-9 cm). Fifteen patients received 1 treatment, 3 received 2, and 1 patient with bilateral lymphocysts received 3 treatments. Complete resolution occurred in 14 patients (74%), and the other 5 patients (26%) had partial resolution with the volume of the lymphocyst decreasing at least 50%. For the 14 patients with complete resolution, the median time from treatment to disappearance of the lymphocyst was 3 months (range, 1-10 months), and none of them developed recurrence during the average follow-up period of 40 months (range, 2-62 months). No significant complication occurred with this procedure except for transient mild to moderate pelvic pain. DISCUSSION: Minocycline sclerotherapy seems to be a simple and safe method with a satisfactory success rate in treating lymphocysts which develop after pelvic lymphadenectomy. It can be performed in an outpatient setting and can be repeated if necessary. This procedure may be considered as the initial treatment modality for patients suffering from symptomatic or persistent lymphocysts after radical gynecological surgery.     

The Treatment of Recurrent Pelvie Lymphocysts with Marsupialization and Functioning Omental Flap

Summary: A new treatment for recurrent pelvic lymphocysts is reviewed. Nine women with recurrent symptomatic lymphocyst were treated by marsupialization of the lymphocyst to the peritoneal cavity and functioning omental flap. The omental flap was dissected off the greater curve of the stomach maintaining its blood supply from the appropriate gastroepiploic vessels. The flap functioned by absorbing the lymph that previously accumulated in the lymphocyst. The efficacy of treatment was accessed both clinically and with diagnostic imaging. The pelvic lymphocysts were successfully treated in all 9 cases. There was no significant morbidity and the average hospital stay was 7 days. Marsupialization of pelvic lymphocysts combined with an omental flap is effective, not associated with increased morbidity and has a very low recurrence rate.     

Large or persistent lymphocyst increases the risk of lymphedema, lymphangitis, and deep vein thrombosis after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for gynecologic malignancy

Purpose

This retrospective study examined the incidence of lymphocyst formation after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in patients with gynecologic malignancy as well as the relation between lymphocyst formation and such complications as lymphedema, lymphangitis, ileus, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Methods

Three hundred twenty-one patients who underwent primary surgery with pelvic (90 patients) or combined pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy (231 patients) for gynecologic malignancy between January 2001 and December 2009 were enrolled. The incidences of lymphocyst identified by computed tomography at 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery were analyzed in relation to the types of surgery and types of complications.

Results

At 3 weeks after surgery, lymphocysts were observed in 282/321 patients (88 %). At 1 year after surgery, lymphocysts persisted in 69 patients (21 %). Lymphedema was observed in 34/321 (11 %) patients, lymphangitis in 36/321 (11 %), ileus in 14/321 (4 %), and DVT in 24/321 (7 %). The incidence of lymphedema was significantly greater in patients with persistent lymphocyst than in those with without (17 vs. 9 %) (p = 0.038); the incidences of lymphangitis (20 vs. 9 %) (p = 0.007) were also greater in this group. Multivariate analysis showed a large lymphocyst (>50 mm) at 3 weeks after surgery to be an independent risk factor for lymphedema (odds ratio 2.76, p = 0.009).

Conclusions

A large lymphocyst at 3 weeks after surgery or persistent lymphocyst increases the risk of lymphedema, lymphangitis, and DVT.     

Risk factors,microbiology and management of infected lymphocyst after lymphadenectomy for gynecologic malignancies

Objective

To evaluate risk factors, microbiology and management of infected lymphocysts in patients undergoing systemic lymphadenectomy for gynecological cancer.

Methods

Patients with gynecological cancer who developed postoperative lymphocysts after lymphadenectomy were enrolled between January 2009 and June 2017. The clinical data of infected lymphocysts were analyzed and compared with non-infected lymphocysts. Multivariate analysis of risk factors, the microbiology and therapeutic strategies for infected lymphocysts were also evaluated.

Results

A total of 115 patients out of 619 developed postoperative lymphocysts, the incidence of infected lymphocysts was 4.36%. Infected lymphocysts were more frequently found in patients with combined pelvic and para aortic lymphadenectomy, higher number of resected pelvic lymph nodes, lower level of postoperative serum hemoglobin and higher proportion of neutropenia. The median diameter of infected lymphocysts was significantly larger than non-infected (71.89 vs 38.47 mm, P?<?0.001) and a large size (diameter over 60 mm) was identified as an independent risk factor for infected lymphocysts (OR?=?3.933, P?=?0.017). The microbiology of infected lymphocysts includes gram-positive cocci, gram-negative bacillus and anaerobic bacteria. Percutaneous catheter drainage was successfully performed in 20 patients with infected lymphocysts. 16 of 19 patients with large lymphoceles received combined antibiobics and PCD therapy and showed clinical remission in all cases. Patients with large size infected lymphocysts who received combined therapy experienced a significantly shorter treatment period and lower recurrent rate than those with only antibiotics (P?=?0.046, P?=?0.018).

Conclusions

The current study demonstrated that a diameter over 60 mm was an independent risk factor for infected lymphocysts. The predominant bacteria originated from the urogenital or skin flora. The combination of PCD with appropriate antibiotics was a convenient and effective therapeutic strategy resulting in a high success rate.

     

高龄、肥胖、早孕期体重增长、一级亲属糖尿病家族史单因素以及复合因素对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响

目的:研究高龄、孕前体质量指数(Pre-BMI)、孕期体重增长、一级亲属即父母患糖尿病单因素以及复合因素对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病的影响,以达到控制某个可控因素来降低GDM发病风险。方法:对上海交通大学附属第一人民医院南院731例孕妇的年龄、孕前BMI、早孕期增重、糖尿病家族史进行logistic单因素回归分析并进行复合因素分析。结果:妊娠年龄(OR=1.071,95%CI=1.034~1.110,P=0.000),孕前BMI(OR=1.535,95%CI=1.087~2.170,P=0.015),早孕期体重增长(OR=1.132,95%CI=1.041~1.231,P=0.004),家族糖尿病史(OR=2.386,95%CI=1.393~4.086,P=0.002)。妊娠期合并1个高危因素孕妇患GDM的危险度是合并0个高危因素的1.966倍(95%CI=1.277~3.027,P=0.002),合并2个高危因素孕妇患GDM的危险度是合并0个高危因素的3.060倍(95%CI=1.912~4.898,P=0.000),合并≥3个高危因素孕妇患GDM的危险度是合并0个高危因素的8.444倍(95%CI=4.077~17.488,P=0.000)。结论:妊娠期间合并高危因素数越多,GDM发生危险度越高。对于合并高危因素的妇女,产科医师可在其备孕咨询时或初次产检时给予指导,降低可改变的1个或2个因素,达到很大程度降低GDM发病风险。     

The use of ultrasound in the identification and treatment of lymphocysts after radical hysterectomy

Abstract. Norström A. The use of ultrasound in the identification and treatment of lymphocysts after radical hysterectomy. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1991; 1 : 275–278.
Transvaginal ultrasound was used to diagnose pelvic lymphocysts in 60 women subjected to Wertheim-Meigs operation for cervical carcinoma. Bimanual palpation 7–10 days postoperatively raised the suspicion of a lymphocyst in 13 women, though ultrasound revealed a cyst larger than 50 mm in 22 women (37%). Lymphocysts, which did not tend to shrink within 2–3 weeks after operation were drained by puncture under guidance of ultrasound in 10 women because of discomfort and/or compression of the ureter. The puncture was uncomplicated but drainage was associated with fever in two women. The lymphocysts were drained for 3–5 days. In 12 women the lymphocysts resolved spontaneously. Elderly women and women treated by external beam radiation pre-operatively appear to be at a higher risk of developing postoperative lymphocysts.