原发性慢性肾脏病患者动态血压特点及其与左心室肥厚的关系

目的：研究原发性慢性肾脏病（ CKD）肾脏替代治疗前患者动态血压特征,分析相关参数尤其是血压变异性与左心室肥厚（ LVH）的关系。方法：收集我科住院的非透析原发性CKD患者127例,按其内生肌酐清除率（ Ccr）水平分为早期组[CKD1～3期（n＝95,Ccr≥30 ml·min-1＆·1．73 m^-2）]和晚期组[CKD4～5期（n＝32,Ccr﹤30 ml·min^-1·1．73 m^-2）]。无创性便携式动态血压监测仪行动态血压监测（ ABPM）,超声心动图检测LVH有关指标,分析动态血压相关指标,尤其是血压变异性（ BPV）与LVH的关系。结果：（1）与早期组相比,晚期组24 h、昼间、夜间舒张压变异性（ mDBPV,dDBPV,nDBPV）和24 h收缩压变异性（mSBPV）均减小（P﹤0．05）;高血压和反杓型血压发生率均升高（P均﹤0．05）;舒张末期左室内径（LVDd）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、左室后壁厚度（PWT）、左心室质量指数（LVMI）均升高（P均﹤0．05）,LVH发生率升高（P﹤0．05）。（2）与非左心室肥厚组（ non-LVH组）相比：左心室肥厚组（ LVH 组）高血压和反杓型血压发生率升高（ P 均﹤0．05）;但BPV各指标变化不显著（ P均﹥0．05）。（3）与非高血压组（ non-H组）相比：高血压组（ H-组）LVMI值和LVH发生率均显著升高（P均﹤0．05）。（4）与非反杓型血压组相比,反杓型血压组 LVMI 值及 LVH发生率均显著升高（P均﹤0．05）。（5）单因素相关性分析显示,LVMI与年龄、mSBP、mDBP、dSBP、dDBP、nSBP和nDBP均呈正相关（ P均﹤0．05）,与Ccr、mDBPV、nDPS和nDPD 均呈负相关（ P均﹤0．05）;多因素逐步回归分析显示,Ccr和nSBP进入回归方程y＝51.772-0.289x1＋0.526x2（y＝LVMI;51．772＝常数,t＝3.616,P＝0.000;x1＝Ccr,t＝-5.984,P＝0.000;x2＝nSBP,t＝5.181,P＝0．000）。结论：随着肾功能减退,CKD患者高血压发生率升高;血压昼夜节     

慢性肾脏病不同阶段的动态血压分析

目的：研究慢性肾脏病不同阶段的动态血压形态特征。方法：慢性肾脏病住院患者129例,患者入院后1h记录安静状态卧位诊室血压,并进行24h动态血压监测,血压〉140/90mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）为诊室血压升高。24h动态血压平均值〉130/80mmHg,日间平均值〉135/85mmHg,夜间平均值〉125/75mmHg为血压升高。结果：本组资料显示,在CKD各期动态血压监测提示24h平均收缩压均超过130mmHg,各组间P〈0.01,提示各组平均收缩压间差异有统计学意义。而日间收缩压及夜间收缩压在CKD各期也有明显差异。但比较24h平均舒张压、日间平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压在各阶段差异不大,P值均〉0.05。在CKD各期的病例中,正常的杓形血压只占少数,而在各期中比较（P〈0.05）,提示CKD早期病例中动态血压就可能已经发生了变化。结论：慢性肾脏病各期动态血压的形态均以非杓形,反杓形为主,随着肾小球滤过率下降,收缩压有逐渐升高趋势。     

慢性肾脏病患者24小时动态血压的特点分析

目的采用24h动态血压监测的方法,分析慢性肾脏病（CKD）不同分期患者24h动态血压特点。方法将152例CKD患者分为5组：CKD1期组（A组）15例;CKD2期组（B组）29例;CKD3期组（C组）42例;CKD4期（D组）组34例;CKD5期组（E组）32例。所有患者均无糖尿病、非肾脏替代治疗。采用携带式的动态血压检测仪测定各组患者动态血压参数和昼夜节律。结果①随着肾功能下降,24h、日间和夜间平均收缩压越来越高;②CKD患者总体非杓型血压比例为81．6o,4,肾功能下降组（CKD2～5期）非杓型血压比例显著高于肾功能正常组（CKD1期）;③夜间收缩压与24h尿蛋白定量呈正相关（r=0．427,P〈0．01）,与。肾小球滤过率（GFR）呈负相关（r=-0．352,P〈0．05）。结论CKD患者的血压非杓型节律现象比较普遍,并随着肾功能下降,其发生率逐渐升高;夜间收缩压与尿蛋白排泄、肾功能有相关性。     

慢性肾脏病患者血压非勺型节律与左心室肥厚之间的关系

目的 探讨24 h动态血压（ABPM）非勺型节律与慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者左心室肥厚（LVH）之间的关系。 方法 共有257例CKD 1~5期患者入选,根据肾功能分为两组：CKD1~3期组和CKD4~5期组。采用GE Marquette Tonoport V Eng动态血压计测定各组患者动态血压参数和昼夜节律;心脏彩色多普勒超声了解心脏结构的改变,并探讨血压非勺型节律与LVH之间的关系。 结果 CKD患者血压正常的生理节律丧失的现象普遍,总体血压非勺型昼夜节律发生率达75.4％,即使在血压正常者中也达到71.3%,随着肾功能下降血压非勺型昼夜节律的发生率也在上升。CKD患者血压非勺型节律组的心脏结构改变较勺型组明显,LVH的发生率也较高。相关性分析显示左室心肌质量指数（LVMI）与血压水平、非勺型的昼夜节律等相关。多元逐步回归分析显示24 h-收缩压（SBP）（β = 0.417,P < 0.01）、三酰甘油 （β = -0.132,P = 0.007）、血红蛋白（Hb）（β = -0.394,P = 0.016）及性别（β = 0.158,P = 0.039）是影响LVMI的独立危险因素。 结论 CKD患者的血压非勺型昼夜节律现象普遍,并随着肾功能的下降其发生率逐渐升高。血压非勺型节律患者心脏结构改变更明显,LVH的发生率高。非勺型节律与LVMI密切相关。     

维持性血液透析患者透析间期血压节律影响因素的分析

目的 观察维持性血液透析患者透析间期血压节律可能存在的异常并讨论其影响因素。 方法 选择44例维持性血液透析患者，均于透析间期(透析前1 d)进行24 h动态血压监测，根据动态血压监测结果将患者分为3组：非高血压组、高血压控制组及高血压未控制组。监测或评估3组患者的血红蛋白(Hb)、血肌酐(Scr)、Kt/V、血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、透析间期体质量增加(IDWG)、Morisky依从性评分等。对相应的指标进行统计分析，筛选出影响血压节律的因素。 结果 （1）动态血压相关参数包括夜间血压下降率、收缩压和舒张压的夜间下降率、动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)、杓形血压比例在3组之间的差异无统计学意义。高血压未控制组的24 h平均脉压比其他两组高[（80.06±13.41）比（53.00±7.73）、（57.85±21.97） mm Hg，均P < 0.01]。（2）3组患者血压曲线均呈现“两峰一谷”的表现，高血压未控制组夜间血压下降不明显。（3）夜间收缩压下降率与血iPTH呈负相关(r = －0.349， P = 0.024)。（4）44例患者中的全部10例杓型血压节律者的AASI与夜间舒张压下降率呈负相关(r = －0.748，P = 0.013)。 结论 维持性血液透析患者夜间血压下降与甲状旁腺素及血管硬化程度有关。     

慢性肾脏病患者血压变异性与肾功能损伤关系的研究

目的研究不同肾功能水平的慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者24 h动态血压特点,探讨血压变异性与肾功能损伤之间的关系。方法选择上海交通大学附属瑞金医院肾脏科的CKD住院患者509例,收集并记录患者的基本信息、实验室检查数据,采用携带式动态血压检测仪监测患者24 h动态血压参数,采用GEVivid7彩色超声心动图检查仪记录患者左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)参数。采用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行数据统计分析。结果本研究共纳入CKD患者509例,其中CKD 1期102例(占20.0%),CKD2期107例(占21.0%),CKD3期114例(占22.4%),CKD4期97例(占19.1%),CKD 5期89例(占17.5%)。随着CKD患者肾功能水平的下降,患者的24 h平均收缩压逐渐升高(P0.05),而24 h平均舒张压的改变无统计学差异(P0.05)。CKD 4期和5期患者的白昼平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压明显高于CKD 1~3期患者(P0.05),而白昼平均舒张压的差异则无统计学意义。CKD 4期和5期患者的24 h收缩压标准差(24 h systolic standard deviation,24hSSD)、白天收缩压标准差(day systolic standard deviation,dSSD)、夜间收缩压标准差(night systolic standard deviation,nSSD)明显高于CKD 1~3期患者(P0.05),而24 h舒张压标准差(24 h diastolic standard deviation,24hDSD)、白天舒张压标准差(day diastolic standard deviation,dDSD)、夜间舒张压标准差(night diastolic standard deviation,nDSD)则无统计学差异(P0.05)。CKD患者非杓型血压的比例随肾功能下降逐渐升高,CKD 1期患者的非杓型血压比例为54.1%,而CKD 5期患者的非杓型血压比例甚至高达85.6%。LVMI异常的CKD患者的24hSSD及dSSD高于LVMI正常的CKD患者(P0.05),而nDSD,nSSD,dDSD,24hDSD的差异无统计学意义。结论随着CKD患者肾功能下降及平均血压水平升高,血压变异性增加,血压昼夜节律减退,非杓型血压比例增加。控制血压水平及调整血压昼夜节律对CKD患者的治疗具有重要意义。     

328例慢性肾脏病患者高血压影响因素分析

目的：分析慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者血压升高的影响因素。方法：回顾性研究328例住院CKD患者,分析年龄、肾功能、血糖、血脂、血尿酸等因素对血压的影响。结果：77.13%（253/328）的CKD患者伴血压升高,肾小球滤过率与收缩压呈负相关（B=-0.407,F=202.11,P〈0.001）,而年龄、血糖、血脂及血尿酸对CKD患者的收缩压没有显著影响。肾小球滤过率、年龄及血尿酸对CKD患者舒张压均有影响,其中肾小球滤过率与舒张压呈负相关（B=-0.155,F=66.53,P〈0.001）,年龄与舒张压也呈负相关（B=-0.192,F=43.11,P〈0.001）,血尿酸与舒张压呈正相关（B=0.013,F=30.72,P〈0.001）,血糖、血脂对舒张压没有显著影响。CKD各期患者的年龄、收缩压、舒张压、血尿酸及三酰甘油等指标多组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.001）,即CKD各期发病年龄、血压、血尿酸及三酰甘油水平差异有统计学意义。结论：在CKD患者中,高血压患病率高,肾功能状态、年龄、血尿酸均对血压有影响,其中以肾功能最为关键。     

新疆汉族与维吾尔族慢性肾脏病危险因素分析

目的：探讨汉族与维吾尔族与慢性肾脏病（CKD）相关危险因素的异同。方法：收集2010年5月-2014年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院体检中心体检者、肾病科、高血压科、内分泌科CKD患者总共17 520例,其中汉族CKD患者853例,汉族健康体检者899例,维吾尔族CKD患者297例,维吾尔族健康体检者291例。维吾尔族和汉组两民族患者的性别、年龄、肥胖、血脂异常、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、糖代谢紊乱、血尿酸、血压、蛋白尿等相关危险因素,分别进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：健康体检者汉族与维吾尔族相比,糖代谢紊乱比率较高（P〈0.05）,体重偏大、血压偏高、总胆固醇水平较高、血尿酸偏高（均P〈0.05）,CKD患者汉族与维吾尔族相比,糖代谢紊乱比率较高（P〈0.05）,血尿酸偏高、三酰甘油偏高、总胆固醇偏高（均P〈0.05）,年龄较小、血压偏低（均P〈0.05）。经Logistic回归分析结果显示：糖代谢紊乱（OR=1.693,P〈0.000）、高血压（OR=2.110,P〈0.000）、尿酸（OR=1.349,P〈0.05）与汉族CKD独立相关;高血压（OR=46.954,P〈0.000）、血脂异常（OR=1.911,P=0.045）以及蛋白尿（OR=83.052,P〈0.000）与维吾尔族CKD独立相关。结论：高血压是维汉CKD共同的独立危险因素。     

慢性肾脏病患者动态血压参数及血压变异的特点分析

目的 分析慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）患者动态血压参数与肾小球滤过率（GFR）及尿蛋白定量的相关性,并探讨血压变异性参数特点.方法 收集首次治疗的伴有高血压及蛋白尿的CKD患者70例.测量肾功能、24 h尿蛋白定量等生化检测结果,采用动态血压监测仪监测24 h血压并记录参数.根据GFR将患者分为CKD1~2期组和CKD3~5期组.根据24 h尿蛋白定量分为以下3组：Ⅰ组＜1.0 g,Ⅱ组1.0～3.5 g,Ⅲ组＞3.5 g.比较各组动态血压参数,并探讨监测结果与肾功能及蛋白尿的关系.结果 随着患者肾功能恶化,24 h收缩压、舒张压、脉压差、白昼收缩压、夜间收缩压等指标明显升高（P＜0.05）,且与GFR成负相关,白昼收缩压是GFR下降的独立危险因素.Ⅲ组的白昼舒张压（92.94±15.32）mm Hg明显高于Ⅰ组的（85.25±8.64）mm Hg（P＜0.05）.白昼舒张压与蛋白尿水平呈正相关（r=0.257,P=0.032）.所有患者舒张压变异性均明显高于收缩压变异性（P＜0.05）.结论 本研究样本中收缩压与肾功能恶化明显相关,白昼收缩压和舒张压分别与GFR下降及蛋白尿有关,舒张压变异性应受到更多重视.     

慢性肾脏病患者血压昼夜节律异常的研究

目的 观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者24 h血压动态变化，探讨昼夜节律异常与肾功能损害的关系。方法 随机选择本院肾脏科CKD患者236例，高血压科原发性高血压住院患者43例。病例分组:正常对照组(NC)14例；原发性高血压组(EHC)43例；CKD血压正常组(NCKD)130例；CKD伴血压升高组(HCKD)106例。动态血压监测(ABPM)采用携带式的动态血压检测仪，ABP Report Mangement System Version 1.03.03进行数据分析。夜间血压下降率:(白昼平均值-夜间平均值)/白昼平均值，下降率≥10%，称勺型血压；<10%，称非勺型血压。结果 在血压正常的患者中，NCKD组的平均夜间收缩压和舒张压数值均高于NC组[(111.2±10.8)比 (91.6±7.5)，(68.7±9.5) 比 (56.2±4.6)mm Hg，P < 0.05]；而日间收缩压和舒张压无明显差异。在高血压患者中，HCKD组患者夜间收缩压和舒张压数值均高于EHC组[(141.9±16.5) 比(118.6±16.4)， (84.5±10.6)比(73.0±11.1)mm Hg， P < 0.05]。CKD患者无论血压正常或升高，其心率均较其对照组明显加快，尤其是夜间心率无明显下降。NCKD组、HCKD组与NC组、EHC组相比，夜间收缩压和舒张压下降数值较小，尤其是CKD伴血压升高组，呈典型的非勺型血压模式。NC组血压节律消失者占7.14%，EHC组为37.2%，NCKD组为70.0%，HCKD组为81.6%。结论 CKD患者无论血压正常或升高，夜间收缩压和舒张压下降减少或消失，呈典型的非勺型血压；血压昼夜节律异常率明显高于原发性高血压患者。在积极降低血压值的同时，还需降低血压负荷和调整血压昼夜节律，以延缓肾功能恶化。     

血液透析患者左心室肥厚相关因素分析

目的探讨血液透析患者左心室肥厚(LVH)发生情况及相关危险因素。 方法横断面调查选取江苏大学附属医院血液净化中心维持性血液透析(MHD)患者84例,采集一般情况、生化指标和同期心脏彩色多普勒超声检查结果,按左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)分为左室肥厚组(n＝50)和左室正常组(n＝34),比较两组相关指标的差异。应用Spearman秩相关和多元线性回归分析评价影响左室肥厚的危险因素。 结果左室肥厚组尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、血红蛋白、透析龄均低于正常组,收缩压高于左室正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关提示LVMI与尿素清除指数(Kt /V)呈负相关(r＝－0.342,P<0.05),与超滤量、收缩压呈正相关(r ＝0.291、0.256,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析提示Kt /V、收缩压、超滤量与血液透析患者左室肥厚相关(P<0.05)。 结论Kt /V是左室肥厚的保护因素,高收缩压、高超滤量是透析患者左室肥厚的独立危险因素。提高透析充分性,控制收缩压及透析间期入液量可能利于减少左室肥厚的发生。     

Risk factors associated with increased left ventricular mass index in chronic kidney disease patients evaluated using echocardiography

Background: It is still not clear which factors are associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, based on the patient's physical and biochemical parameters at the time of echocardiography. The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with LVMI in CKD patients (predialysis patients), using echocardiography. Methods: Physical, biochemical and LVMI data evaluated by echocardiography were retrospectively analyzed in 930 CKD patients in Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Results: Levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hemoglobin (Hb) were independent risk factors for increased LVMI in multivariate regression analysis. SBP was significantly correlated with LVMI (r=0.314, p<0.0001). The level of Hb was inversely correlated with LVMI (r=-0.372, p<0.0001). LVMI increased with decreasing renal function. SBP was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in CKD stages 2 and 5, and Hb was significantly lower in patients with LVH in stages 4 and 5 than in the group without LVH. Conclusions: It is important to treat hypertension and anemia to prevent LVH in CKD patients. These findings have some therapeutic implications for treatment strategies for predialysis patients.     

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after conversion to nocturnal hemodialysis

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for mortality in the dialysis population. LVH has been attributed to several factors, including hypertension, excess extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, anemia and uremia. Nocturnal hemodialysis is a novel renal replacement therapy that appears to improve blood pressure control. METHODS: This observational cohort study assessed the impact on LVH of conversion from conventional hemodialysis (CHD) to nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD). In 28 patients (mean age 44 +/- 7 years) receiving NHD for at least two years (mean duration 3.4 +/- 1.2 years), blood pressure (BP), hemoglobin (Hb), ECF volume (single-frequency bioelectrical impedance) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were determined before and after conversion. For comparison, 13 control patients (mean age 52 +/- 15 years) who remained on self-care home CHD for one year or more (mean duration 2.8 +/- 1.8 years) were studied also. Serial measurements of BP, Hb and LVMI were also obtained in this control group. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two cohorts with respect to age, use of antihypertensive medications, Hb, BP or LVMI at baseline. After transfer from CHD to NHD, there were significant reductions in systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure (from 145 +/- 20 to 122 +/- 13 mm Hg, P < 0.001; from 84 +/- 15 to 74 +/- 12 mm Hg, P = 0.02; from 61 +/- 12 to 49 +/- 12 mm Hg, P = 0.002, respectively) and LVMI (from 147 +/- 42 to 114 +/- 40 g/m2, P = 0.004). There was also a significant reduction in the number of prescribed antihypertensive medications (from 1.8 to 0.3, P < 0.001) and an increase in Hb in the NHD cohort. Post-dialysis ECF volume did not change. LVMI correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.6, P = 0.001) during nocturnal hemodialysis. There was no relationship between changes in LVMI and changes in BP or Hb. In contrast, there were no changes in BP, Hb or LVMI in the CHD cohort over the same time period. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in BP with NHD are accompanied by regression of LVH.     

β-受体阻滞剂对主动脉瓣置换术后心室内压力阶差的影响

目的探讨β-受体阻滞剂对主动脉瓣重度狭窄行主动脉瓣置换术患者心室内压力阶差及其左心室重塑的影响。方法选取郑州大学第一附属医院2008年1月至2010年1月因单纯主动脉瓣重度狭窄行主动脉瓣置换术患者56例,将术后得到随访的32例患者在相同基础临床特征下分为两组,试验组：12例,常规口服β-受体阻滞剂（倍他乐克6.25-25.00 mg/次,2次/天）;对照组：20例,未服用β-受体阻滞剂。在术后早期（1周内）、晚期（6-24个月）复查超声心动图,对两组患者随访的超声心动图指标进行比较。结果两组患者术后晚期随访无死亡,胸闷、气促等症状均明显改善。两组患者术后晚期左心室收缩期末内径（LVESD）、左心室流出道内径（LVOTD）较术后早期均有增加,仅试验组LVOTD与术后早期比较差异有统计学意义（t=-47.937,P=0.001）;两组患者术后晚期室间隔厚度（IVS）、左心室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、左心室流出道射流速度（V）、心室压力阶差（G）、左心室心肌重量指数（LVMI）均较术后早期有所减小,以上指标试验组术后晚期与术后早期结果比较差异均有统计学意义（t=7.781,P=0.001;t=5.749,P=0.001;t=2.637,P=0.023;t=7.167,P=0.001;t=100.061,P=0.001）,而对照组仅V、G和LVMI差异有统计学意义（t=4.051,P=0.001;t=4.759,P=0.001;t=-0.166,P=0.001）;试验组EF值术后晚期与术后早期比较差异有统计学意义（t=-6.621,P=0.001）。组间比较：两组术后晚期EF值差异无统计学意义（t=-0.354,P=0.726）,但术后晚期左心室舒张期末内径（LVEDD）、IVS、G和LVMI两组间比较差异均有统计学意义（t=-2.494,P=0.018;t=-3.434,P=0.002;t=-2.171,P=0.038;t=-2.316,P=0.028）。结论重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者行主动脉瓣置换术后常规应用β-受体阻滞剂是安全、可靠的,可显著降低其残存的心室内压力阶差,并可加速改善左心室的重塑。     

Improved left ventricular mass index in children after renal transplantation

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and it is prevalent in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and after renal transplantation (RTx) on cross-sectional studies. Our aim was to compare prospectively left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in children with ESRD, before and after RTx. Thirteen patients aged 1.5-15 years underwent echocardiogram prior to and at least 3 months after RTx, and again in the second year after transplantation. A control group consisted of children with ESRD who remained on dialysis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure index decreased significantly over the study period only in the children who had undergone RTx. Mean LVMI in children with ESRD decreased from 45.4 +/- 12.6 g/m(2.7) to 34.9 +/- 10.4 g/m(2.7) after RTx (P = 0.001), but it remained unchanged in patients who remained on dialysis. The prevalence of LVH decreased from 54% to 8% (P = 0.03) after RTx. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure index were correlated with LVMI. Mean body mass index increased during the study period from 17.3 +/- 2.5 to 20 +/- 4.6 (P = 0.05); however, no correlation was found with LVMI. LVH in children with ESRD is potentially reversible after RTx, especially with good control of hypertension.     

参麦注射液对血液透析患者微炎症状态及左心室肥厚的影响

目的：研究参麦注射液对维持性血液透析（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）患者微炎症状态及左心室肥厚（left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH）的影响。方法：MHD患者40例,随机分为参麦组和对照组,每组20例,治疗3个月,观察治疗前后血hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-1β水平,测定心超指标。结果：治疗后,参麦组的hs-CRP、IL-6、IL-1β水平明显降低（P〈0.05）,与对照组比较,hs-CRP、IL-6的降低差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗后,参麦组LVM、LVMI、IVST降低,与治疗前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;与对照组相比LVM、LVMI、IVST的降低差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01和P〈0.05）。结论：参麦注射液可以改善MHD患者微炎症状态,逆转LVH。     

肾性与原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚及功能变化的比较研究

目的比较肾性高血压患者和原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚及功能的变化。方法采用超声心动图检查30例肾性高血压患者及20例年龄、性别、血压相匹配的肾功能正常的原发性高血压患者,观察左心室肥厚及重量指数（LVMI）、左心室射血分数（EF）及左心室等容舒张时间（IVRT）和E／A比值。结果30例肾性高血压患者左室肥厚发生率、LVMI、IVRT高于原发性高血压患者,E／A比值低于原发性高血压患者,EF值无显著差异,肾性高血压患者存在明显的钙磷代谢紊乱、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症和贫血,其LVMI与血红蛋白呈显著负相关,而与血清全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）呈显著正相关。结论肾性高血压患者左心室肥厚程度及左心室舒张功能障碍较原发性高血压患者严重,除高血压外,贫血及继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进亦应受到重视。     

终末期肾病患者左心室结构与功能改变及影响因素

目的探讨维持性血液透析患者左心室结构与功能的改变及其影响因素。方法本组收集50例维持性血液透析患者的超声心动图结果以及血压、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血脂、钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）和尿酸水平，并分析它们之间的关系。结果其中41例（82％）患者有左心室肥厚，左心室肥厚组与无左心室肥厚组相比，收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白和PTH水平有显著差异（P〈0．05）；12例（24％）患者有左心室收缩功能障碍，左心室功能障碍组与无左心室功能障碍组相比，血清白蛋白、甘油三酯、钙、尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮等指标有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；31例（62％）患者有左心室舒张功能障碍。左心室舒张功能障碍组与无左心室舒张功能障碍组相比，收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白和白蛋白水平有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论维持性血液透析患者左心室结构与功能异常发生率较高，血压、贫血和营养状况与之相关。     

Prevalence and correlation factors of cardiovascular damage in patients with diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic nephropathy

Objective To investigate the prevalence and correlation factors of cardiovascular damage in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic nephropathy (NDN). Methods A total of 278 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2014 to May 2016 were enrolled, including 78 case of DN and 200 case of NDN. Patients had cardiac and carotid ultrasonography test by colour doppler ultrasonography, and their clinical and biochemical data were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied to study the correlation factors of cardiovascular damage in CKD patients. Results Mean age was 48.22 years in the 278-patient cohort, which included 178(64.03%) men. Compared with NDN group, DN patients had higher left atrial dimension, interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaques ratio. Their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the ratio between the peak speed of the early filling wave and that of the atrial contraction wave (E/A ratio) were however lower (all P＜0.05). Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular relaxant function reduction and cIMT thickening in DN group were 67.95%, 70.27% and 57.14%, higher than those in NDN group (40.00%, 42.31% and 17.39%, respectively) (all P＜0.05). Along with the progress of CKD, LVMI and LVH proportion in patients with DN and NDN increased gradually. LVMI and LVH proportion in DN patients in CKD 1-2 phase and CKD 3-4 phase were higher than those in NDN patients (all P＜0.05). In all CKD phases, cIMT and cIMT thickening proportion in DN group were higher than those in NDN group (all P＜0.05). Just in CKD 1-2 phase, DN group had lower E/A ratio and higher proportion of left ventricular relaxant function reduction than NDN group (all P＜0.05). After multiple linear regression analysis, gender, BMI, hemoglobin, eGFR and DN were related with LVMI; age, serum calcium and DN were related with E/A ratio; age and DN were related with cIMT (all P＜0.05). In multivariate logistic regression, DN, hemoglobin and eGFR decrease were independently associated with LVH; age and BMI were independently associated with reduction of left ventricular relaxant function; age and DN were independently associated with cIMT thickening in all CKD patients (all P＜0.05). Conclusions DN patients have more severe cardiovascular damage than NDN patients, and DN may be associated with LVMI, E/A ratio, cIMT, LVH and cIMT thickening in all CKD patients.