影响女性卒中发病的几个因素

1雌激素水平对女性卒中发病无明显保护作用 男性和女性卒中发病率与死亡率均随年龄增长呈对数级上升,但女性在更年期后卒中发病率与死亡率上升速度较男性缓慢,使死亡率的性别比例（男／女）在更年期后升高。     

急性心肌梗死患者发病率及死亡率与性别年龄关系

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的发病率及死亡率与性别年龄关系。方法回顾性分析615例AMI的临床资料,根据患者年龄分为七个不同年龄组。按照不同年龄、性别分析发病率与死亡率关系。结果男性：女性=2．77：1,50岁前男性发病43例,占男性发病9．51％,女性则只有6例,仅占女性发病3．68％,60岁以后142例,占女性发病87．12％;患病高峰年龄在50岁～79岁之间,共505例,占总例数的82．1％;死亡人数65例,死亡率为10．57％,80岁以上患者的死亡率最高（21．31％）。结论AMI男性发病率明显高于女性;男性较女性发病早,发病年龄小于女性,但女性绝经后AMI的患病例数明显升高;AMI病人以老年人为多,但男性发病有年轻化趋势;高龄患者的并发症多,预后差,死亡率也就高。     

87例肝硬化和原发性肝癌患者肝炎病毒感染血清学分析

肝炎病毒是导致肝硬化和原发性肝癌最主要原因。必须明确肝硬化和原发性肝癌患者各种类型肝炎病毒感染，本文作者收集在本院一年期间，肝硬化和原发性肝癌患者病历资料，检测血清标本中用甲－庚型肝炎病毒抗原及抗体，现把检测血清标本的结果出现的原因分析如下。１材料和方法１．１病例选择本组８７例肝硬化和原发性肝癌患者均系本院传染科，消化科住院肝炎病人，男性６８例，女性１９例，年龄２２～６８岁，平均３８．４岁。所有病例均符合肝硬化和原发性肝癌诊断标准。对照组健康体检者５０名，男性３２人，女性１８人，年龄 ２３～ ６４…     

中国城市和农村肝癌死亡规律研究

目的探究2012-2016年我国肝癌死亡率的危险程度,及城农、性别和年龄别的差异。方法分析肝癌的死因构成、利用APC计算近些年肝癌的变化趋势。结果男性肝癌的死亡率较高于女性,农村肝癌死亡率也要高于城市地区,但农村的肝癌死亡率有下降趋势,而城市死亡率有轻微的上升。居民的年龄越大,他们的肝癌的死亡率越高。结论我国对于肝癌的预防应着重从农村,老年人和男性人群进行监测和预防。     

原发性肝癌和肝硬变患者血清过氧化氢酶活性测定临床意义的初步探讨

本文对原发性肝癌和旰硬变患者血清过氧化氢酶进行测定,并以50例健康志愿者作为对照组,初步探讨其临床意义。 观察组均为本科住院患者。原发性肝癌组44例,男性40例,女性4例,年龄19～65岁,平均43岁;上述患者均符合1977年全国肝癌防治协作会议拟定的诊断标准。肝硬变组32例,男性28例,女性4例,年龄18～65岁,平均44岁;根据病史、体格检查、化验及影象学方面等检查确诊。在观察过程中有合并感染及其它严重并发症者均匀予以除外。对照组为健康志愿者50例,男性27例,女性23例,年龄18～23岁,平均22岁。晨起采空腹静脉血分离血浆,用苏联学者提出的分尤光度法测定血清过氧化氢酶活性。原发性肝癌组为87.1±35.0μmol/100ml,肝硬变组患者为61.0±25.3μmol/100m1,均非常显著高于对照组的39.9±12.2μmol/100m1(P<0.01);原发性肝癌组又非常显著地高于肝硬变组(P<0.01)。     

广西献血者ALT、HBsAg、抗．HCV、抗-HIV和梅毒检测结果与年龄性别情况分析

目的分析献血者血液不合格率与年龄和性别之间的联系,为制定无偿献血策略和公共卫生策略提供参考数据。方法收集2807761例献血者5项检测结果资料,进行数据分析。结果男性ALT检测不合格率最高年龄组为25～35岁,女性ALT检测不合格率则有随着年龄增长而增加的趋势;HBsAg检测不合格率男性最高的年龄组为30—35岁,女性为25～30岁;抗-HCV检测不合格率男性和女性都有随着年龄增长而升高的趋势;抗-HIV男性不合格率最高的年龄组为20—25岁和40—45岁,女性为20～25岁;男性梅毒不合格率较高组为45—50岁,女性则集中在40～45岁。ALT检测不合格率、HBsAg检测不合格率、抗-HCV检测不合格率、梅毒检测不合格率均为男性高于女性男性和女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;男性和女性HIV检测不合格率性别间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．01）。结论献血者5项检测项目不合格率与年龄和性别分布存在一定的关联。     

高血压脑出血并发急性肾功能衰竭31例临床分析

我院自 1 996年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 9月收治高血压性脑出血患者 1 30例 ,均经头颅ＣＴ证实诊断 ,其中并发急性肾功能衰竭 31例 ,发生率2 3.8% ,死亡率 93.5%。复习文献 ,我们就其发生率、死亡率及发生机理进行分析讨论。临　床　资　料1　性别与年龄　男性 1 8例 ,女性 1 3例 ,年龄最小 43岁 ,最大年龄 84岁 ,平均年龄 6 3.5岁。随年龄增长 ,发生率与死亡率均增高 ,年龄分布见表 1。表 1　高血压脑出血并发急性肾功能　　　衰竭年龄分布年龄 (岁 )男性女性合计死亡例数45～ 5 0 2 3 5 4～ 6 0 3 47 6～ 70 115 16 16～ 80 2 13 3合　计 1813 3…     

原发性胆囊癌27例病理分析

原发性胆囊癌较少见。现将我院1958～1986年所见原发性胆囊癌27例报道如下。一、临床资料性别和年龄:女性22例,男性4例,性别不明1例,男女之比为1:5.5。年龄最大73岁,最小23岁,最高发年龄组50     

性别和年龄对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗死亡率的影响

目的 确定经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的住院及远期死亡率是否存在性别差异以及该差异是否与年龄有关.方法 回顾性分析2004年7月1日至2005年9月30日行单纯PCI治疗的2493例患者,并进行随访,记录临床情况及随访数据.按照性别及年龄分组(<65岁和≥65岁)比较它们之间基本临床特征、住院死亡率及远期死亡率的差异.结果 女性年龄较大,术前合并主要疾病的比例较男性高,既往心肌梗死病史及血运重建史较男性少,住院死亡率女性高(1.1%:0.1%),且主要表现在低龄组(0.7%:0%);中位数随访时间555天,随访率93.4%,女性远期死亡率高于男性(HR 3.012,95%CI 1.094～8.293);按照年龄分组显示,远期死亡率的性别差异仅表现在低龄组(HR 4.203,95% CI1.355～13.032),而高龄组则无差异(HR1.700,95% CI0.496～5.787).结论接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的女性术后住院及远期死亡率均高于男性,但仅表现在<65岁的低龄女性.低龄女性是远期死亡率的独立危险因素.     

沈阳市城市居民伤害死亡状况及疾病负担的研究

目的了解2004～2013年沈阳市市内五区城市居民伤害死亡状况及对居民健康造成的威胁,为日后防治提供科学依据。方法利用沈阳市2004～2013年城市居民死亡资料,分析伤害的粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡专率、性别死亡专率及变化趋势,并计算潜在寿命损失年（PYLL）,分析伤害死亡的疾病负担情况。结果沈阳市城市居民2004～2013年伤害总死亡率为22.71/10万,标化死亡率为15.31/10万,占全死因的2.99%;男性粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于女性（P<0.05）;总体上伤害死亡率随年龄的增长呈先上升后下降的趋势（在45～50岁达高峰）。城市居民伤害前五位死因依次为运输事故、自杀、意外跌落、其他意外伤害和有害效应、意外中毒;男性伤害死因顺位的前3位分别是运输事故、自杀和其他意外事故和有害效应;女性伤害死因顺位的前3位分别是运输事故、自杀和意外跌落。由伤害导致的潜在寿命损失年数为188257.5,其中运输事故和自杀所致的PYLL占伤害所致PYLL总量的54.5%以上。全年龄段伤害所致PYLL总体上男性大于女性,且随年龄的增长先上升后下降（45～50岁达高峰）。结论伤害对人群的死亡威胁男性高于女性,且在50岁之前随年龄的增长而上升。伤害造成的“早死”疾病负担以运输事故和自杀最为严重,总体负担男性大于女性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.