The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on glycemia,lipid profile,and antioxidant status in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of saffron supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and oxidative status in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM). In a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, 70 patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 35, each) and received 100 mg/day of saffron or placebo for eight weeks. Dietary intake, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, and Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, atherogenic indices, oxidative status, and liver enzymes were determined before and after the intervention. At the end of the eighth week, saffron intervention could significantly reduce FBS (7.57%), lipid profile (except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), atherogenic indices, and liver enzymes (p < .05). Moreover, saffron could improve oxidative status (nitric oxide [NO] and malondialdehyde [MDA] reduced by 26.29% and 16.35%, respectively). Catalase (CAT) concentration remained unchanged. Saffron supplementation may alleviate T2DM by improving glycemic status, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and oxidative status. Further investigation is necessary to assess possible side effects and confirm the positive effect of saffron as a complementary therapy in clinical recommendations for T2DM.     

Effect of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae) ethyl acetate and acetone fractions on insulin resistance in fructose drinking mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The root of Bridelia ferruginea is traditionally used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. The present study was investigated to evaluate the effect of Bridelia ferruginea root bark fractions on some markers of type 2 diabetes on fructose drinking mice.

Materials and methods

Mice received a solution of fructose 15% during 42 days ad libitum; at the 15th day to the 42nd day, they received distilled water for fructose drinking control group, metformin 50 mg/kg per day or fractions 50 mg/kg per day for treatment groups. The normal control group received only distilled water during the experiment. After 6 weeks of experiment, OGTT, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, AST and ALT levels were measured.

Results

Fructose drinking control group (F) showed significant (p<0.001) increase of glucose tolerance, plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin index for insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment ratio HOMA-IR) as compared to normal control mice. In treated groups, there was a significant reduction of glucose intolerance respectively 74% (p<0.001), 25% (p<0.5) and 92% (p<0.001) for ethyl acetate fraction, acetone fraction and metformin at the same dose of 50 mg/kg per day during 4 weeks administration. In ethyl acetate fraction and metformin treated groups, biochemical parameters and insulin index were significantly (p<0.001) lower than that of fructose drinking control group.

Conclusions

This indicates that Bridelia ferruginea root bark ethyl acetate fraction improved insulin resistance as metformin significantly in type 2 diabetes.     

Metabolic effect of berberine–silymarin association: A meta‐analysis of randomized,double‐blind,placebo‐controlled clinical trials

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a combination of berberine and silymarin on serum lipids and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) through a systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis of the available randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trials (RCTs). A systematic literature search in SCOPUS, PubMed‐Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to October 2, 2018, in order to identify RCTs assessing changes in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and FPG during treatment with berberine and silymarin in combination. Two review authors independently extracted data on study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random‐effects model. We identified five eligible RCTs, with 497 subjects overall included. Berberine and silymarin combination treatment exerted a positive effect on TC (mean difference [MD]: ?25.3, 95% CI [?39.2, ?11.4] mg/dl; p < 0.001), TG (MD: ?28, 95% CI [?35.3, ?20.6] mg/dl; p < 0.001), HDL‐C [MD: 6, 95% CI [3.2, 8.8] mg/dl; p < 0.001), LDL‐C (MD: ?29.1, 95% CI [?39.7, ?18.6] mg/dl; p < 0.001), and FPG (MD: ?7.5, 95% CI [?13, ?1.9] mg/dl; p = 0.008). The present findings suggest that the coadministration of berberine and silymarin is associated with an advantageous improvement in lipid and glucose profile, suggesting the possible use of this nutraceutical combination in order to promote the cardiometabolic health.     

The effects of fenugreek seed extract supplementation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

The aim of the current randomized control trial (RCT) study was to investigate the effects of fenugreek seed extract on memory, depression, quality of life, blood pressure, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in adult AD patients. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in geriatric homes in Iran. The study participants included 82 AD patients with mild-to-moderate memory deficit. Patients in the intervention group received 5 cc of fenugreek seed extract for 4 months and subjects in the control group received a placebo. Memory, depression, quality of life, and BP levels, as well as serum MDA and TAC, were assessed before and after the intervention. There was a significant increase in serum levels of TAC (p < 0.001) and a reduction in serum MDA status (p < 0.001) after 4 months of fenugreek seed extract supplementation. In addition, increasing levels of memory (p < 0.001) and quality of life (p < 0.001), as well as reduction of depression (p = 0.002), systolic BP (p < 0.001), and diastolic BP (p < 0.001) levels were detected in the intervention group compared with baseline. Fenugreek seed extract supplementation in AD patients shows promising positive effects on memory, quality of life, BP, and selective oxidative indices levels.     

The leaf and seed aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus improves insulin resistance diabetes in experimental animal studies

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Amongst the Yoruba tribe (Southwest Nigeria), water decoction of the leaf and seed of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. is reputably used for the local management of diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Aim of the study

The present study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness and elucidate mechanism(s) of action of the aqueous leaf and seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAE) in normal and 10% sucrose-induced hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as an experimental model of insulin resistance diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods

In this study, the repeated oral antihyperglycemic action of 150–600 mg/kg/day of PAE was evaluated in normal and 10% sucrose-induced insulin resistance rats using indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and insulin resistance indices. The extract's weight losing, antihyperlipidemic and anti-atherogenic effects were also evaluated by measuring the effect of the extract on the body weight, plasma levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and atherogenic indices.

Results

In normal rats, PAE caused significant (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001) and dose related decreases in body weight, FBG, TG, TC, LDL-c, and atherogenic indices. Repeated oral treatment with 10% sucrose drink for 30 days was associated with significant (p<0.001) weight gain, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance indices, hyperlipidemia and atherogenic indices. However, pre-treatment with PAE significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated increase in any of these measured parameters.

Conclusions

Overall, results of this study showed PAE to effectively control insulin resistance DM which was mediated via improvement in insulin resistance, thus, validating its ethnomedical use in the local management of DM.     

灯盏花素通过调控LKB1/AMPK和Notch1/Jagged1通路改善高脂血症大鼠血脂水平及肝肾功能的作用机制研究＊

目的 基于LKB1/AMPK和Notch1/Jagged1通路探讨灯盏花素改善高脂血症大鼠血脂水平及肝肾功能的作用机制。方法 60只雄性SD大鼠随机为正常组、模型组、辛伐他汀组（20 mg·kg^-1）和灯盏花素低、中、高剂量组（6、12、24 mg·kg^-1），每组10只。采用先腹腔注射75%蛋黄乳液后饲喂高脂饲料的方式建立高脂血症模型，同时给药干预，1次/天，连续28d。采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中T-CHO、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、AST、ALT、Cr、BUN水平；测定大鼠肝脏、肾脏系数；采用HE染色法观察肝肾组织病理学变化；采用免疫组化法检测肝组织p-AMPK、LKB1、HMGCR水平及肾组织Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1水平；采用RT-PCR法检测肝组织p-AMPK、LKB1、HMGCR水平mRNA水平及肾组织Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1 mRNA水平。结果 与正常组比较，模型组大鼠血清TG、T-CHO、LDL-C、ALT、AST、Cr、BUN水平明显升高（P<0.05），HDL-C水平明显降低（P<0.05）；肝脏、肾脏系数明显增加（P<0.05）且出现病理变化；肝组织中p-AMPK、LKB1水平明显降低（P<0.05），HMGCR水平明显升高（P<0.05）；肾组织Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1水平明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较，辛伐他汀组和灯盏花素低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清TG、T-CHO、LDL-C、ALT、AST、Cr、BUN水平明显降低（P<0.05），HDL-C水平明显升高（P<0.05）；肝脏、肾脏系数明显减小（P<0.05）且病变程度减轻；肝组织中p-AMPK、LKB1水平明显升高（P<0.05），HMGCR水平明显降低（P<0.05）；肾组织Notch1、Jagged1、Hes1水平明显降低（P<0.05）。结论 灯盏花素能够改善高脂血症大鼠血脂水平及肝肾功能，其机制与激活LKB1/AMPK通路及抑制Notch/Jagged1通路和HMGCR水平有关。     

Effect of tomato consumption on fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) phytochemicals, which include phytoene, phytofluene, beta‐carotene, flavonoids, lycopene, and polyphenols, have been shown to improve the effects of fasting on plasma triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood sugar (FBS). The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of Tomato TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and FBS in humans. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of sciences, and SCOPUS databases by two researchers for studies published until August of 2019 without language and time limitations. Results were combined with random effect models. Six studies were included in this meta‐analysis. Combined results reveal a significant reduction in cholesterol (weighted mean difference [WMD]: ?4.39 mg/dl, 95% CI: ?7.09, ?1.68, I² = % 48, p heterogeneity: .05), TG (WMD: ?3.94 mg/dl, 95% CI: ?7.67, ?0.21, I² = % 90, p heterogeneity: .001), LDL levels (WMD: ?2.09 mg/dl, 95% CI: ?3.73, ?0.81, I² = % 78, p heterogeneity: .001), and increasing in HDL levels (WMD: 2.25 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.41, 4.10, I² = % 97, p heterogeneity: .001). Tomato was found to have a higher reduction effect on TG and LDL in younger participants. While pooled results indicate no significant effect on FBS levels (WMD: 0.59 mg/dl, 95% CI: ?0.28, 1.46, I² = % 95, p heterogeneity: .001). In conclusion, the results indicate a significant reduction in total cholesterol, TG, and LDL and increase in HDL levels that is caused by tomato consumption.     

补阳还五汤对动脉粥样硬化模型主动脉Rho激酶,PAl-1及eNOSmRNA表达的影响

目的:通过运用益气活血法的代表方剂补阳还五汤对动脉粥样硬化模型的干预,观察主动脉组织Rho激酶,纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)mRNA的表达、血脂等指标的变化,揭示该方药抗动脉粥样硬化作用的新靶点和新途径。方法:60只大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,补阳还五汤低、高剂量组(10,20 g·kg-1),辛伐他汀组(0.6 mg·kg-1),补阳还五汤预防组(10 g·kg-1),除正常组外,其余各组维生素D3加高脂饮食诱导大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,分别ig给予相应药物,补阳还五汤预防组给药的同时造模,造模成功后干预28 d,检测主动脉Rho激酶,PAl-1及e NOS mRNA表达,血脂水平总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),高密度脂蛋白(HDL),低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠Rho激酶,PAl-1 mRNA表达量水平明显升高,e NOS mRNA表达量水平明显降低及血脂TC,TG,LDL,ox-LDL水平明显升高(P0.01),HDL水平明显降低,均具有明显统计学差异(P0.01),补阳还五汤低、高剂量治疗组、辛伐他汀组、补阳还五汤预防组明显降低大鼠Rho激酶,PAl-1 mRNA表达量水平,明显升高e NOS mRNA表达量水平,明显降低血脂TC,TG,LDL,ox-LDL水平,明显升高HDL水平,均具有明显统计学差异(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:补阳还五汤可以下调Rho激酶,PAl-1 mRNA的表达,同时,上调e NOS mRNA的表达水平、降低血脂,具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,抑制Rho激酶mRNA,PAl-1 mRNA表达及上调e NOS mRNA表达水平可能是其作用机制之一。     

Effect of turmeric on glycemic status,lipid profile,hs‐CRP,and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. This study examined the effect of turmeric supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs‐CRP and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. In this double‐blind, randomized clinical trial, 80 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients were divided into turmeric (2,100 mg powdered rhizome of turmeric daily) and placebo groups for 8 weeks. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low density lypoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), high density lypoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and total antioxidant capacity were measured before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired and independent t and chi‐square tests. Seventy five patients completed the study. The turmeric group showed significant decreases in body weight, TG, and LDL‐c compared with baseline (p value < 0.05). Body mass index, TG, and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the turmeric group compared with the placebo group (p value < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in other parameters between the two groups after intervention (p value < 0.05). Turmeric improved some fractions of lipid profile and decreased body weight in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes. It had no significant effect on glycemic status, hs‐CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in these patients.     

Efficacy of a Proprietary Trigonella foenum‐graecum L. De‐Husked Seed Extract in Reducing Menopausal Symptoms in Otherwise Healthy Women: A Double‐Blind,Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Study

Trigonella foenum‐graecum seed extract has demonstrated hormone modulatory activity, providing biological plausibility for relieving menopausal symptoms. The study aimed to assess efficacy of a standardized T. foenum‐graecum de‐husked seed extract in reducing menopausal symptoms in healthy aging women. The study was a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial that recruited 115 women aged 40 to 65 years of which 59 were allocated to active (n = 54 completed) and 56 to placebo (n = 50 completed). Active treatment was T. foenum‐graecum de‐husked seed extract, 600 mg per day for 12 weeks. Outcome measures included Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire, frequency of hot flushes and night sweats and serum estradiol levels. There was a significant reduction in menopausal symptoms in the active group compared with placebo as assessed by total MENQOL score (p < 0.001); reflected by significant improvements in the vasomotor (p < 0.001), psychosocial (p < 0.001), physical (p < 0.001) and sexual symptoms (p < 0.001) domains. Vasomotor outcomes correlated with hot flushes, the active group reporting significantly less daytime hot flushes and night sweats at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). The average estradiol levels were similar in both the active group and placebo group after treatment. This study demonstrated that this proprietary T. foenum‐graecum de‐husked seed extract may reduce menopausal symptoms in healthy women. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of hydroalcoholic Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract on fasting plasma glucose,HbA1c,lipid profile,liver, and renal function tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double‐blind clinical trial

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that manifested as hyperglycemia due to the defect in secretion or function of insulin. Studies have shown that saffron and its derivatives cause a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in experimental models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the saffron extract on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), lipid profile, liver enzymes, and renal function tests in type 2 diabetic patients. In this double‐blind randomized clinical trial, 64 type 2 diabetic patients who were on oral anti‐diabetic drugs were examined. Participants received either 15 mg of saffron or placebo capsules (two pills per day) for 3 months. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, FPG, HbA1c, lipid profiles, liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and renal function (BUN, Cr.) tests were measured pre and post intervention after 3 months. Independent t test and paired t test were used for data analysis. After 3‐months intervention, mean difference of FPG, Cholesterol, LDL‐c, and LDL/HDL ratio between two groups showed significant reduction(p < 0.0001), but HbA1c, HDL‐C, API, TG showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). In saffron group, FPG, HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL‐c, and LDL/HDL ratio decreased significantly after 3‐months intervention compare with baseline (p < 0.0001).     

左归降糖解郁方对糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠血糖血脂的影响

目的 研究左归降糖解郁方对糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠血糖、血脂的影响。方法 采用ig高脂乳剂、iv链脲佐菌素（STZ,38 mg/kg）和慢性应激联合的方法制备糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠模型,并随机分为5组：模型组,阳性药（二甲双胍0.18 g/kg+百忧解1.8 mg/kg）组,左归降糖解郁方高、中、低剂量（20.53、10.26、5.13 g/kg）组,同时以正常大鼠为对照组。各组造模同时ig给药,共4周;生化法检测各组大鼠血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平、胰岛素抵抗及血脂水平,ELISA法测定大鼠血浆皮质酮水平,HE染色观察大鼠肾上腺的病理改变。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血糖、糖化血红蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）和血浆皮质酮水平显著升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平显著降低（P<0.05）,具有明显的胰岛素抵抗。给予左归降糖解郁方干预后,大鼠血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低,HDL-C水平显著升高,胰岛素抵抗程度减轻,血浆皮质酮水平明显降低（P<0.05、0.01）,肾上腺损伤程度减轻。结论 左归降糖解郁方可改善糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠的血糖、血脂异常,该作用可能与其保护肾上腺,降低循环系统皮质酮水平有关。     

何首乌醋酸乙酯提取部位与二苯乙烯苷的调血脂作用

目的 研究何首乌醋酸乙酯提取部位(EAFF-PM)与有效成分二苯乙烯苷的调血脂作用.方法 观察EAEF PM和二苯乙烯苷对正常小鼠血脂及肝脏指数的影响;小鼠ip Triton致急性高脂血症模型,观察EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠血脂水平的影响;以大鼠食饵性高脂血症为模型,给予高脂饲料的同时给予EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷,连续28 d,测定血脂、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,肝组织中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平以及肝脏指数.结果 对正常小鼠,二苯乙烯苷和EAEF-PM均有升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的作用.EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷对ip Triton致高脂血症小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C均有降低作用,对HDL-C均有升高作用.EAEF-PM 60mg/kg明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的肝脏指数;EAEF-PM 30、60 mg/kg明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的血清TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA水平和TC/HDL-C值,明显升高血清HDL-C和NO水平以及SOD活性,二苯乙烯苷对各项指标的作用强度略低于EAEF-PM,但无显著性差异.结论 何首乌中EAEF-PM及二苯乙烯苷均具有调血脂、抗氧化,保护血管内皮的功能,二苯乙烯苷为发挥药效作用的主要物质,提示可用于预防高脂血症.     

2型糖尿病血瘀证与非血瘀证患者血清瘦素水平的比较

目的 :研究 2型糖尿病血瘀证与非血瘀证患者血清瘦素水平的变化及意义。方法 :采用放射免疫法测定 6 0例 2型糖尿病血瘀证与 10 6例 2型糖尿病非血瘀证患者的血清瘦素水平 ,观察其与性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、脂肪百分比 (% Fat)、空腹血糖 (FBS)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL - C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (L DL - C)、三酰甘油 (TG)、内皮素 (ET)、血浆胰岛素 (INS)等指标的关系。结果 :血瘀证与非血瘀证患者年龄和HDL - C二项指标差异显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;多元线性相关结果显示瘦索与 ET、INS、TG呈正相关 ;在逐步回归分析中FBS、HDL - C、ET、TC最后进入方程。结论 :2型糖尿病血瘀证与非血瘀证患者的血清瘦素水平变化不大 ;FBS、HDL - C、ET、TC、INS等是与血清瘦素水平变化的主要相关因素     

蜂胶总黄酮对自发性糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响及抗氧化作用

目的研究蜂胶总黄酮(TFP)对自发性糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法将50只自发性糖尿病大鼠按血糖值随机分为对照组、消渴丸组(2 000 mg·kg-1)、蜂胶总黄酮高剂量组(240 mg·kg-1)、中剂量组(120 mg·kg-1)、低剂量组(60mg·kg-1)。各组大鼠每天灌胃给药1次,连续8周,对照组灌胃同体积羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。末次给药结束后,禁食12 h,乙醚麻醉,腹主动脉取血,检测自发性糖尿病大鼠血清中血糖(Glu)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、胰岛素(INS)、C肽(C-P)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、一氧化氮(NO)及肝糖原水平。结果与对照组比较,蜂胶总黄酮高、中、低剂量组血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙二醛及肿瘤坏死因子-α水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、超氧化物歧化酶、胰岛素、C肽及肝糖原含量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001);蜂胶总黄酮高、中剂量组糖化血红蛋白及游离脂肪酸水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),谷胱甘肽及一氧化氮含量明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),低剂量组则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。消渴丸组超氧化物歧化酶、肝糖原、一氧化氮及C肽明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),血糖、丙二醛、甘油三酯及糖化血红蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01或P<0.001),对其他指标则无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论蜂胶总黄酮可明显降低自发性糖尿病大鼠血糖水平,明显改善自发性糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及抑制胰岛素抵抗。     

Effects of Piper nigrum L. on epileptiform activity in cortical wedges prepared from DBA/2 mice

This study investigated the effect of a water extract of Piper nigrum L. on spontaneous depolarizations, accompanying afterpotentials and N -methyl-D -aspartate (NMDA)-induced depolarizations in cortical wedges prepared from genetically epilepsy-prone DBA/2 mice. Solutions of P. nigrum extract (0.5S, 1S and 2S) were administered when spontaneous depolarizations were well established in magnesium-free perfusing medium. The 2S extract produced a significant reduction in the number of spontaneous depolarizations (p <0.001) whilst the number of afterpotentials per burst was suppressed significantly by 1S and 2S (p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively). P. nigrum also decreased the amplitude of NMDA-induced depolarizations (p <0.001). The present results suggest that an antagonistic action at NMDA receptors might contribute to the anticonvulsant properties of P. nigrum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effects of rutin flavonoid supplement on glycemic status,lipid profile,atherogenic index of plasma,brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), some serum inflammatory,and oxidative stress factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutin flavonoid in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this trial (double-blind, placebo-controlled), 50 T2DM patients (supplement, n = 25 and placebo, n = 25) were randomized and supplemented with 500 mg rutin or placebo per day for 3-months. At the beginning and at the end of the study, metabolic parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMO-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), inflammatory and oxidative stress markers such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were assessed. The results showed a significant decrease in FBG, insulin, HbA1c, HOMO-IR, LDL-c, TG, VLDL, CHOL, LDL-c.HDL-c ratio, AIP, IL-6, and MDA and a significant increase in HDL-c, QUICKI index, BDNF, and TAC compared with the initial value (p for all <.05). In the adjusted model, the mean changes of FBG, insulin, HbA1c, HOMO-IR, LDL-c, CHOL, LDL.HDL ratio, AIP, MDA, and IL-6 were significantly lower and mean changes of QUICKI index, HDL-c, and TAC were significantly higher in the rutin group compared with the placebo group (adjusted p for all <.05). It seems that rutin may have beneficial effects on improving metabolic parameters, BDNF, and inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in T2DM patients.     

蒙古扁桃药材不同提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂、脂质过氧化和肝功能的影响

目的:探究蒙古扁桃药材不同提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂、脂质过氧化和肝功能的影响。方法:依次以乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水提取蒙古扁桃种仁,得各部提取物。Wistar雄性大鼠60只按体重均衡随机分组,分别为正常组(10只)和模型组(50只),正常组给予普通饲料饲养,模型组采用高脂饲料喂养法建立高脂模型。建模成功后,持续按前述方法饲养,同时模型组分组为模型组、阳性药组(血脂康,0.061 7 g·kg-1)、给药组(乙酸乙酯组、正丁醇组和水提物组,2.0 g·kg-1),每组10只,其中正常组与模型组ig给予生理盐水,实验组分别以蒙古扁桃乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物和水提取物ig给药。给药7周后测定大鼠血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC),甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C),丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT),天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST),丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD),过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD),过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT),谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px),并计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI),低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白的比值(LDLC/HDL-C)。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠TC,LDL-C,AST,AI,LDL-C/HDL-C,MDA水平明显升高(P0.01);与高脂模型组比较,正丁醇组能显著降低TC,LDL-C,AST,AI,LDL-C/HDL-C,MDA水平(P0.05),显著升高SOD,POD,GSH-Px水平(P0.05);水提物组能显著升高POD(P0.05)。结论:蒙古扁桃药材的正丁醇提取物能显著降低高脂血症大鼠的血脂水平和抵抗脂质过氧化,并且能降低发生心血管疾病的危险性和对肝脏起到一定的保护作用。改善过氧化脂质在大鼠肝脏内的蓄积,减少氧化应激,这可能是正丁醇提取物降血脂的有效机制之一。     

Ficus carica Leaf Extract Modulates the Lipid Profile of Rats Fed with a High‐Fat Diet through an Increase of HDL‐C

Ficus carica has been traditionally used for the treatment of several metabolic syndrome‐related health problems. It was the objective of this study to investigate the preventive effects of a Ficus carica (FC) leaf extract on hyperlipidemia in high fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese male rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (180 – 200 g) were fed with a regular diet, HFD or a HFD + oral treatment of either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of FC or 30 mg/kg pioglitazone for six weeks. A range of parameters was evaluated including body weight development, plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), atherogenic index (AI) and the coronary risk index (CRI). FC significantly lowered TG and IL‐6 levels and elevated HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). The effects of FC on lipid parameters were more pronounced than those of the positive control pioglitazone. FC significantly lowered AI and CRI (p < 0.01) while it had no effect on adiponectin and leptin levels. Our results demonstrate that preventive treatment with FC significantly improved the lipid profile and decreased adipogenic risk factors in HFD rats most likely mediated through an increase in HDL‐C levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

化浊通脉散对ASO家兔VEGF表达及血脂变化影响的研究

[目的]研究化浊通脉散对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)家兔模型防治作用的同时观察其对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及血脂的影响,并对其机制进行初步探讨。[方法]40只新西兰家兔以高脂饮食和股动脉球囊扩张建立ASO动物模型,随机分为4组,即化浊通脉散组(A),阿司匹林组(B),模型组(C),假手术组(D),测定药物干预前后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,实验结束后应用免疫组织化学方法观察VEGF的表达。[结果]化浊通脉散组与模型组相比可以显著降低TC、TG、LDL-C(P0.01),而对HDL-C影响不大(P0.05),并可降低局部VEGF阳性的表达(P0.01)。[结论]化浊通脉散具有降脂的作用,并可以使局部斑块VEGF表达阳性减弱,因此可具有保护动脉血管内膜防治动脉硬化闭塞症发生的作用。