乙酰半胱氨酸对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠NF-κB和TNF-α的影响

目的探讨乙酰半胱氨酸对酒精所致大鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及机制。方法采用酒精灌胃法制作急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型。50只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组（n=10）：正常对照组、急性酒精肝损伤模型组、乙酰半胱氨酸低、中、高剂量（150,300,600mg／kg）组。测定并比较各组大鼠肝脏中核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）的表达及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量。结果急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型制作成功。与模型组比较,治疗结束后,乙酰半胱氨酸各剂量组急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠肝组织中NF-κB的表达均减少（P〈0．01）,血清TNF-α的含量降低（P〈0．01）,炎性介质的释放不同程度地减少。结论乙酰半胱氨酸可以减轻肝脏的炎性损伤,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤起到保护作用。     

水飞蓟素对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨水飞蓟素对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制.方法 32只雄性SD大鼠被随机分为4组,以乙醇灌胃法建立大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,并测定肝组织中TNF-α和IL-1β表达.结果 与模型对照组比较,水飞蓟素各剂量组肝脏脂肪变性明显减轻,血清ALT活性、肝匀浆MDA水平明显降低(P＜0.01和P＜0.05),SOD活性升高(P＜0.05),肝组织中TNF-α和IL-1β表达明显减少(P＜0.01),水飞蓟素高剂量组血清AST活性也明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 水飞蓟素对大鼠急性乙醇所致肝损伤具有保护作用.     

色甘酸钠对大鼠肠缺血再灌注肠粘膜的损害及血浆MDA,组胺,TNF-α含量和SOD活性的影响

目的 观察色甘酸钠对大鼠肠缺血-再灌注肠黏膜损害及血浆MDA,组胺,TNF-α含量和SOD活性的影响.方法 SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组:假手术组(组A)、模型组(组B)、低剂量色甘酸钠组(色甘酸钠25 mg/kg,组C)及高剂量色甘酸钠组(色甘酸钠50 mg/kg,组D).采用夹闭肠系膜上动脉根部45 min,再灌注1 h的方法创建肠损伤模型,色甘酸钠于再灌注前15 min经腹腔给予.在实验结束时在距离回肠末端5 cm处分离一段0.5～1 cm的小肠,光镜下观察病理组织学改变,采用Chiu'小肠组织损伤评价标准对肠黏膜损伤进行评价,进行血浆MDA、组胺、TNF-α含量及SOD活性的测定.结果 Chiu'小肠组织损伤评分:B组评分最高(P＜0.05),D组评分较C组高(P＜0.05);A组血浆MDA含量最低,B组最高(P＜0.05);C、D两组比差异无显著性(P＞0.05);A组血浆SOD活性最高,B组最低(P＜0.05);C、D两组比差异无显著性(P＞0.05);4组之间组胺含量差异无显著性(P＞0.05);A组血浆TNF-α含量最低,B组含量最高(P＜0.05);C、D两组比差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 色甘酸钠能减轻缺血再灌注肠粘膜损伤,减轻机体的氧化损害和TNF-α释放.     

酒精性肝损伤过程中经CYP2E1代谢的探针药物氯唑沙宗镇痛效应的变化

目的:通过观察酒精性肝损伤过程中经CYP2E1代谢的探针药物氯唑沙宗镇痛效应的变化,建立一种有效反映CYP2E1代谢活力变化的方法.方法:采用白酒灌胃法复制大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,采用肝脏组织HE染色法及血清中ALT和AST水平测定检测大鼠肝损伤情况,通过热板实验判定氯唑沙宗镇痛效应的变化,从而反映氯唑沙宗的特异性代谢酶CYP2E1代谢活力的变化.结果:酒精性肝损伤模型组大鼠肝脏表现为轻度到中度脂肪变性和炎性细胞浸润,并且酒精性肝损伤模型组大鼠CYP2E1代谢活力明显增强(P＜0.01).结论:白酒灌胃法成功地复制了大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,通过热板实验观察氯唑沙宗镇痛效应的变化可以作为判断CYP2E1代谢活力变化的一种方便、有效、快捷的方法.     

乌司他丁联合高渗盐水对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响及作用机制的实验研究

目的探讨乌司他丁联合高渗盐水预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及作用机制。方法60只健康雄性SD大鼠,体重230g左右,随机分为五组,每组12只:假手术组(A组)、缺血再灌注组(B组)、乌司他丁预处理组(C组)、高渗盐水预处理组(D组)和乌司他丁联合高渗盐水预处理组(E组)。采用Pringle法分别建立大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注模型,观察肝脏缺血30min再灌注6h后血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量并观察肝组织病理学改变。结果B、C、D和E组血清中ALT、AST、LDH和TNF-α含量明显高于A组(P<0.05);C、D和E组明显低于B组(P<0.05);C组和D组明显高于E组(P<0.05);C组和D组之间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肝组织病理学损害B组最重,C、D组次之,E组轻于C、D组。结论乌司他丁、高渗盐水预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,二药联用效果更好。     

TNF-α和NF-κB基因在大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤中的表达及意义

目的 探讨TNF-α和NF-κB基因在大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤中的表达及意义.方法 将92只Wistar大鼠分为模型组(46只)和对照组(46只).采用灌胃法制备大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,模型组给予56％酒精1Og/(kg·d),每日分3次灌胃,共5d,对照组给予等量的生理盐水灌胃.利用免疫组织化学染色(SABC法),观察TNF-α和NF-κB的表达和分布.结果 模型组中TNF-α和NF-κB主要在中央静脉周围的肝细胞中呈阳性表达.TNF-α的阳性表达率:第3天对照组为5.56％,模型组为66.67％;第5天对照组为11.11％,模型组为83.33％,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);模型组第5夭与第3天比较阳性表达率明显增高(P＜0.05).NF-κB的阳性表达率:第3天对照组为11.11％,模型组为72.22％;第5天对照组为16.67％,模型组为88.89％,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);模型组第5天与第3天比较阳性表达率明显增高(P＜0.05).肝组织TNF-α的表达和NF-κB的表达呈正相关(r=0.687,p＜0.01).结论 TNF-α在急性酒精性肝损伤的过程中发挥作用,并且TNF-α可能通过NF-κB的活化参与急性酒精性肝损伤的发生.     

健脾理气活血方对酒精性肝损伤大鼠血浆内毒素和TNF-α蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察中药健脾理气活血方对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的防治效果及其血浆内毒素和TNF-α蛋白表达的影响。方法：通过喂饲按Lieber-Detarli配方配制的含酒精液体饲料复制酒精性肝损伤的大鼠模型。32只雄性SD大鼠随机分设正常组（n=5）、无酒精液体饲料组（n=9）、酒精液体饲料组（n=9）及酒精液体饲料＋中药组（n=9）。在造模第4周开始灌胃给药或蒸馏水。8周末取材观察：①肝组织病理变化（HE和油红染色）；②肝组织甘油二三酯（TG）含量；③肝损伤指标（血清ALT、AST活性）：④血浆内毒素水平；⑤肝组织P-IκB、TNF-α的蛋白表达（Western blot法）的变化。结果：①口服酒精液体饲料8周后，模型大鼠肝细胞出现显著的脂肪变性，肝脏TG含量、血浆内毒素水平以及血清ALT、AST活性均较正常组和无酒精液体饲料组显著升高。此外，肝组织P-IκB、TNF-α蛋白表达增强。②健脾理气活血方组较之模型组，肝组织脂肪变性程度和炎症程度显著减轻，其肝组织TG含量以及血浆内毒素水平显著降低，ALT活性接近正常水平：此外，肝组织P-IκB、TNF-α蛋白表达也较模型组下降。结论：健脾理气活血方具有显著的抗大鼠酒精性肝损伤的作用，其机制与抑制内毒素和大鼠肝组织P-IκB、TNF-α蛋白表达有关。     

三七对酒精性肝病大鼠肝组织NF-κB/IκB表达的影响

目的 观察三七时酒精性大鼠肝组织的防治及时NF-κB/IκB表达的影响.方法 SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组、三七高、低剂量组和硫普罗宁组,连续14周建立酒精性肝病模型.在模型制备同时,每天下午分别灌服给药,连续14周.ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α).常规HE及Masson染色,光镜观察肝组织的脂肪变、炎症及纤维化程度;免疫组化法检测肝组织中NF-κBp65/IκBα蛋白的表达.结果 酒精性肝病模型组大鼠肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度计分、血清TNF-α水平明显增高(P＜0.01).三七高、低剂量组,硫普罗宁组大鼠肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度、血清TNF-α水平较模型组明显减轻(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).酒精性肝病模型组大鼠肝组织NF-κBp65和IκBα均较正常组明显升高(P＜0.01);三七高、低剂量组大鼠肝组织NF-κBp65/IκBα表达较模型组明显降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).相关分析显示,肝组织NF-κBp65表达与肝组织炎症程度计分呈正相关(r=0.63,P＜0.01),与血清TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.43,P＜0.01);肝组织IκBα表达与肝组织炎症程度计分呈正相关(r=0.36,P＜0.05),与血清TNF-α水平呈正相关(r=0.44,P＜0.01);血清TNF-α水平与与肝组织炎症程度计分呈正相关(r=0.60,P＜0.01).结论 用白酒-玉米油-吡唑混合液灌服大鼠14周可成功制作ALD模型.三七可明显减轻酒精性肝病大鼠肝组织脂肪变和炎症程度.三七能显著抑制肝组织中NF-κBp65/IκBα的过度表达,降低血清TNF-α水平,这可能是其有效防治酒精性肝病的发生发展的重要机制之一.     

大黄对肝部分切除大鼠血清与回肠组织SOD活性及回肠结构的影响

目的 探讨围手术期不同时期给予大黄对肝部分切除大鼠血清与回肠组织SOD活性及回肠结构的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为手术对照组(A组)、术前用药组(B组),术中用药组(C组)和术后用药组(D组),各组大鼠分别于术后第1、3、7天处死取材,检测血清及回肠组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dis-mutase,SOD)活性,光镜下观察回肠组织病理学改变,Chiu's评分法观察肠粘膜的损伤情况.结果 B、C、D组血清及回肠组织SOD活性与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C、D组血清及回肠组织SOD活性与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Chiu's小肠组织损伤评分B、C、D组与A组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组与C、D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 围手术期不同时期使用大黄可增强血清与回肠组织SOD的活性,还可促进肠粘膜损伤修复,保护肠枯膜的完整性,从而起到肠粘膜保护作用.     

乌司他丁联合17β雌二醇对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的 探讨乌司他丁联合17β雌二醇预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 将60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机等分为五组：假手术组（A组）、缺血再灌注组（B组）、乌司他丁预处理组（C组）、17β雌二醇预处理组（D组）和乌司他丁联合17β雌二醇预处理组（E组）.采用Pringle法阻断入肝血流30分钟,检测再灌注5小时后血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量并观察肝组织病理学改变.结果 B、C、D和E组血清中ALT、AST、LDH和TNF-α含量明显高于A组（P＜0.01）;C、D和E组明显低于B组（P＜0.01）;C组和D组明显高于E组（P＜0.05）;C组和D组之间无明显差别（P＞0.05）.肝组织病理学损害B组最重,C、D组次之,E组最轻.结论 乌司他丁、17β雌二醇预处理对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,两药联合应用效果更好.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.