血红素加氧酶-1在心脏移植急性排斥反应中的表达及意义

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在心脏移植急性排斥反应中的表达及意义。方法建立小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型。实验分为同系移植组(C57BL／6小鼠→C57BL／6小鼠)和同种移植组(BAILB／c小鼠→C57BL／6小鼠)。免疫组织化学和RT-PCR方法观察HO-1在心肌组织的表达；普鲁士兰染色法观察铁在心肌组织的沉积情况。结果 HO1主要在浸润的炎性细胞中表达，铁在浸润的巨噬细胞中表达，二者随急性排斥反应的加重表达上调。结论 HO-1参与了心脏移植急性排斥反应的病理过程；HO-1在炎性细胞的过表达，可作为心脏移植急性排斥反应的监测指标。     

他克莫司对移植免疫反应中核因子κB活性和淋巴细胞趋化因子表达的影响

目的研究他克莫司(FK506)对移植免疫反应中细胞核因子κB(NF-κB)活性和淋巴细胞趋化因子(Lptn)表达的影响。方法应用小鼠同种心脏移植急性排斥反应模型,分为BALB/c-BALB/c同基因对照组、C57BL/6-BALB/c异基因对照组、C57BL/6-BALB/c移植+FK506处理组。RT-PCR检测移植心组织内Lptn mRNA的表达,凝胶电泳迁移率和ELISA分别检测心脏移植小鼠脾细胞NF-κB的活性和活化T细胞核因子(NFAT)c1活性。结果同基因移植组各时间点移植心内无Lptn mRNA表达;异基因移植组和FK506处理组移植后第1天和第3天均无Lptn mRNA表达,而第5天和第7天均可检测到Lptn mRNA阳性表达,但FK506组Lptn mRNA表达受抑制。治疗剂量的FK506可以明显抑制脾细胞NF-κB和NFATc1的活性,但FK506处理组心脏移植后第5、7天脾细胞NF-κB的活性仍明显高于同基因移植组。NF-κB活性与Lptn基因转录水平呈正相关关系(r=0.775,P=0.000)。结论 FK506除了通过抑制NFATc1活性途径调控部分Lptn mRNA的表达,还可通过抑制NF-κB途径参与Lptn mRNA表达的调控。     

抗CD8单抗与抗CD40L单抗联合应用对小鼠心脏移植后慢性排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨干预慢性迟发性超敏反应（DTH）与CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的细胞毒等效应机制对同种小鼠心脏移植后慢性排斥反应的影响。方法 建立小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型，实验组以BALB／c小鼠为供者，C57BL／6小鼠为受者，术后0、2、6及14d腹腔注射抗CD8单克隆抗体（抗CD8单抗）200μg／d，术后0、2及4d腹腔注射抗CD40L单克隆抗体（抗CD40L单抗）250μg／d；同系移植对照组供、受者均为BALB／C小鼠，术后同期腹腔注射等量生理盐水；同种移植对照组以BALWc小鼠为供者，C57BL／6小鼠为受者，术后不使用上述单抗。观察各组移植心的存活时间及移植心组织病理学变化。结果同种移植对照组移植心的平均存活时间为7．3d；实验组与同系移植对照组移植心的存活时间均超过60d。同种移植对照组移植心呈典型急性排斥反应病理学改变；同系移植对照组移植心组织未见明显病理变化；实验组移植心呈现血管周围炎、间质纤维化和血管内膜增生等慢性排斥反应组织病理改变。结论 清除CD8^＋T淋巴细胞和阻断CD40／CD40L通路的处理方案虽可预防急性排斥反应，显著延长移植心的存活时间，但并不能阻止慢性排斥反应的发生。     

阻断共刺激信号抑制小鼠小肠移植排斥反应机制的研究

目的证实细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4免疫球蛋白（CTLA4-Ig）能抑制小鼠小肠移植排斥反应，并研究其作用机理。方法采用显微外科技术建立小鼠异位小肠移植模型，实验分为3组。A组：为同系移植组（供、受者均为BALB／c小鼠）；B组：为同种移植未治疗组（供者为C57BL／6小鼠，受者为BALB／c小鼠），移植后未给予任何治疗；C组：为同种移植共刺激信号阻断组（供者为C57BL／6小鼠，受者为BALB／c小鼠），移植后第2d开始腹腔注射CTLA4-Ig 1mg·kg^-1·d^-1，连用3d。术后观察各组受者的存活时间；移植第6d处死部分受者获取移植物标本，进行组织病理学检查；半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测白细胞介素2（IL2）、白细胞介素10（IL-10）、7干扰素（IFN-7）、吲哚胺2，3-双加氧酶（IDO）的mRNA水平；蛋白质印迹法检测移植物中IDO蛋白表达水平。结果A组和C组的中位存活时间均为30d，B组的中位存活时间为6d。A、C组与B组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。病理结果显示，B组排斥反应明显，C组呈轻度排斥反应。IL-2、IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平在A组、C组均较低，而B组则显著增加；IL-10的mRNA转录水平在A、B组较低，C组明显增高。IDO分子mRNA和蛋白的表达检测显示，A、B组的1130分子mRNA和蛋白表达低，c组增高显著。结论应用CTLA4-Ig能抑制小鼠小肠移植排斥反应。IL-2、IFN-γ分子mRNA的高水平表达和排斥反应的程度呈正相关，IL-10分子mRNA表达与排斥反应强度呈负相关。CTLA4-Ig阻断共刺激信号导致T细胞的无能与IDO表达明显相关，说明了IDO所致的“色氨酸饥饿”可能是共刺激信号被阻断后导致活化T细胞无能的机制之一。     

白细胞介素10基因转染对心脏移植排斥反应中细胞黏附分子表达的影响

目的探讨白细胞介素10(IL-10)基因转染对小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中细胞黏附分子CD44、选择素E、淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1(LFA-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)表达的影响。方法采用小鼠颈部心脏移植模型,将96只小鼠用随机数字表法分为3组,对照组:供、受者各16只,均为C57小鼠;移植组:供、受者各16只,分别为BALB/C、C57小鼠;IL-10组:供、受者各16只,分别为BALB/C、C57小鼠,用IL-10重组腺病毒载体先转染供心。3组均行颈部心脏移植。于术后第5 d取移植心脏,用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法观察CD44、选择素E、LFA-1、VCAM-1及IL-10 mR-NA的表达情况。结果PCR产物电泳及条带密度扫描显示,移植组CD44、选择素E、LFA-1、VCAM-1与对照组比较表达明显增强(P<0.01);IL-10组与移植组比较表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论IL-10基因转染对心脏移植排斥反应的免疫抑制作用可能与其抑制CD44、选择素E、LFA-1、VCAM-1等细胞黏附分子的表达有关。     

RANTES在CD4+Tm细胞介导小鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应中的表达及意义

目的 探讨趋化因子RANTES在CD4+记忆性T淋巴细胞(Tm细胞)介导的小鼠心脏移植急性排斥反应中表达的变化及意义.方法 以Balb/c小鼠为供鼠,C57BL/6小鼠为受鼠,进行皮肤移植,提取并纯化受鼠脾脏中的CD4+ Tm细胞.分为两组进行实验:实验组,C57BL/6小鼠输注1×106个CD4+ Tm细胞,第2天以Balb/c小鼠为供鼠,进行颈部异位心脏移植;对照组,C57BL/6小鼠未输注CD4 Tm细胞,直接进行心脏移植.观察两组移植心脏存活时间和组织病理学改变,检测移植物中RANTES基因的相对表达量及RANTES在受鼠血清中的浓度.结果 皮肤移植受鼠脾脏中CD4+ Tm细胞达到26.83％.对照组受鼠存活时间为(7.67±0.21)d,实验组为(5.17±0.17) d(P＜0.01).对照组移植心脏急性排斥反应的评级为(2.67±0.14)级,实验组为(3.92±0.08)级(P＜0.01).实验组移植心脏中RANTES基因的相对表达量为对照组的(2.6±0.21)倍(P＜0.01).实验组血清中RANTES浓度为(223.6±16.79) pg/ml,对照组为(120.7±9.47) pg/ml(P＜0.01).结论 接受CD4+ Tm细胞输注的心脏移植受鼠,其体内RANTES的表达量明显增加,加速了急性排斥反应的发生.     

建立小鼠腹部心脏移植模型联合尾静脉注射的实践体会(附视频)

目的总结建立稳定的小鼠腹部心脏移植模型联合尾静脉注射的实践体会。方法实验练习包括50对供、受体为昆明小鼠的同系移植,40对供、受体为C57BL/6J小鼠的同系移植;正式实验包括10对供、受体为C57BL/6J小鼠的同系移植,30对以Balb/c小鼠为供体、C57BL/6J小鼠为受体的同种异系移植。记录手术过程中每个步骤的时间(包括供体心脏摘取和修整时间、受体血管吻合等)。术后每日观察移植心脏搏动持续时间及受体存活时间,同时记录移植小鼠的尾静脉注射所需时间。同系移植术后30 d、同种异系移植术后7 d行移植心脏病理学检查(各5只)。结果正式实验心脏移植成功率为90%。供体心脏摘取和修整时间为(13.9±0.6)min,受体冷缺血时间为(14.2±1.2)min,血管吻合时间为(34.2±3.1)min,总手术时间为(86.6±5.4)min,术后同系移植小鼠移植心脏存活时间达到100 d以上,术后30 d病理学检查显示仅有少量炎症细胞浸润。同种异系移植小鼠因发生排斥反应,存活时间为(7.2±0.5)d。术后7 d病理学检查示心肌大量炎症细胞浸润,呈急性细胞性排斥反应表现。尾静脉注射超过200次后,成功率达90%。结论本研究成功建立了稳定的小鼠腹部心脏移植模型。同时进行尾静脉注射可有效地利用预实验的小鼠。     

小鼠移植心心肌细胞转染白细胞介素10基因减轻术后免疫排斥反应

目的观察应用质粒载体转染白细胞介素10(IL-10)基因至小鼠移植心肌细胞内的转染效率和基因的表达效率,探讨IL-10分子在移植物急性排斥反应中的意义。方法以C57BL／6小鼠为供者,Balb／c小鼠为受者,建立异位心脏移植模型。根据移植前经供心升主动脉冠脉灌注试剂的不同,将受者分为4组,每组20只。A组:灌注30μl的生理盐水;B组:灌注30μl的空白质粒;C组:灌注30μl的IL-10基因;D组:灌注30μl的腺相关病毒(AAV)增强型IL-10。移植后1、3、5和7 d切取移植心脏,进行病理学检查、移植心心肌组织中基因产物的逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和IL-10的免疫组织化学检测。并观察各组存活受者的一般情况和移植心存活时间。结果病理学观察显示:A、B组移植心在术后第3 d起出现了明显的排斥反应改变,而C、D组第3、5和7 d移植心排斥反应改变程度均较A、B组明显减轻。移植后第1和3 d,A、B组移植心心肌细胞中可见低水平的IL-10 mRNA基因和IL-10蛋白的表达,而第5和7 d时几乎检测不到;C、D组在各个时间段都可见明显的IL-10 mRNA基因和IL-10蛋白表达。A、B组移植心存活时间分别为(8．125±0．991)d和(7．714±0．756)d;C、D组移植心存活时间分别为(15．714±2．498)d和(17．857±1．864)d。C、D组与A、B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。结论质粒载体能有效地将IL-10基因转染入小鼠心肌细胞并进行表达,而采用AAV的末端反向重复序列(ITRs)可以提高质粒转染效率和IL-10表达水平。局部高表达的IL-10能减轻移植心的排斥反应,延长其存活时间。     

细胞因子及受体基因多态性与移植肾急性排斥反应的关系

目的 采用细胞因子基因芯片技术，检测肾移植受者5种细胞因子及其受体的21个等位基因位点的基因多态性，并探讨其与移植肾急性排斥反应的关系。方法 取144例肾移植受者的外周血，通过细胞中白细胞介素4（IL-4）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素10（IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）及其受体启动区21个基因多态性位点，设计寡核苷酸探针58条，进行多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增、标记、杂交和结果判断。将受者分成急性排斥反应组和无排斥反应组，比较两组受者5种细胞因子及其受体的21个位点的基因型和等位基因分布情况。结 果在肾移植受者中，与移植肾急性排斥反应相关的基因型为：TNF-α（-308A／A、A／6、G／G）、IL-10（-597A／A、C／C、A／C；-824T／T、C／C、C／T；-1087A／A、A／G）、TGF-β1（＋869C／C、C／T、T／T）；与移植肾急性排斥反应相关的等位基因为：TNF-α（-308A／G）、IL-10（-597A／C;-824T／C；-1087A／G）、TGF-β1（＋869C／T）。结论 Th1类细胞因子TNF-α能够促进移植肾排斥反应的发生；Th2类细胞因子IL-10和Th3类细胞因子TGF-β1对移植肾急性排斥反应起保护作用。     

CXC趋化因子受体6在小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中的表达及意义

目的 研究CXC趋化因子受体6(CXCR6)在同种异体小鼠心脏移植中的表达及CXC趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)与CXCR6相互作用对移植物存活时间的影响.方法 以野生型Balb/c小鼠(H-2d)为供者(同种移植组),或以野生型C57BL/6小鼠(H-2b)为供者(同系移植组),以野生型C57BL/6小鼠为受者分别行小鼠腹腔异位心脏移植.测定同系和同种移植组小鼠移植心脏CXCR6mRNA的表达,并测定受者脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达.另制作小鼠同种异位心脏移植模型(Balb/c小鼠为供者,C57BL/6小鼠为受者),将其分为实验组和对照组,实验组受者移植当天至发生排斥反应时腹腔注射抗CXCL16抗体,对照组受者同期注射对照抗体.记录两组移植心脏存活时间.进行CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒试验,即用Balb/c小鼠脾细胞免疫C57BL/6小鼠后,获取C57BL/6小鼠脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞,将Balb/c小鼠脾细胞与C57BL/6小鼠CD8+T淋巴细胞混合培养,分别加入抗CXCL16抗体、小鼠IgG(对照抗体)和抗CD40L抗体.结果 同种移植组移植心脏中CXCR6 mRNA的表达以及脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞上CXCR6的表达均高于同系移植组和正常对照组.抗CXCL16抗体对CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性无影响.与对照组相比较,实验组小鼠移植心脏存活时间并未明显延长.结论 小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达上升,阻断CXCL16/CXCR6相互作用并不能延长移植心脏的存活时间.     

IL-23、IL-23 mRNA在皮肤移植受鼠外周血及移植物中的表达

目的 探讨皮肤移植小鼠外周血及移植物中白细胞介素23(IL-23)和IL-23 mRNA的表达情况.方法 制作小鼠皮肤移植的动物模型:同系组供、受者均为Balb/c小鼠;同种组以C57BL/6小鼠为供者,Balb/c小鼠为受者;脾细胞组以C57BL/6小鼠为供者,Balb/c小鼠为受者,受鼠移植前1 d经尾静脉输注供者脾细胞1×107个/只.移植术后1、3、5和7 d留取受者血液和皮肤移植物样本,检测血清IL-23的浓度以及移植皮肤中IL-23 mRNA的表达,并于光镜下持续观察移植皮肤的病理学变化.结果 移植后第3和5天,同系组受鼠外周血IL-23浓度分别为(263.49±18.72)和(286.55±18.95)pg/ml,同种组分别为(295.66±16.36)和(332.58±17.37)pg/ml,脾细胞组分别为(303.66±16.99)和(323.96±18.99)pg/ml.移植后第3和5天,同系组受鼠外周血IL-23浓度低于同种组和脾细胞组(P＜0.01);同种组和脾细胞组间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).皮肤移植后第3、5和7天,同系组受鼠移植皮肤IL-23 mRNA的相对表达量分别为0.57±0.10、0.63±0.10和0.66±0.11,同种组分别为0.78±0.09、0.81±0.09和0.69±0.14,脾细胞组分别为0.62±0.10、0.68±0.12和0.55±0.09.移植后第3和5天,同系组和脾细胞组受鼠移植皮肤IL-23 mRNA的相对表达量低于同种组(P＜0.01).移植后第7天,同种组与脾细胞组受鼠移植皮肤IL-23 mRNA的相对表达量的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 皮肤移植后早期发生急性排斥反应时,受鼠高表达IL-23和IL-23 mRNA.IL-23可作为预测排斥反应发生的观察指标.     

Systemic overexpression of interleukin-10 fails to protect allogeneic islet transplants in nonobese diabetic mice

Interleukin (IL)-10 has proven effective in various allogeneic transplantation models and for preventing recurrent autoimmune rejection of syngeneic islets in NOD mice. Therefore, we evaluated systemic IL-10 overexpression on allogeneic islet graft survival. Diabetic NOD mice received a single injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 2 encoding murine IL-10 (rAAV-IL-10) four weeks prior to renal subcasular islet transplantation. In a model having both autoimmune and allogeneic responses, IL-10 failed to protect C57BL/6 islets in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. In an allograft model (C57BL/6 islets into young male streptozotocin-induced diabetic NOD mice), long-term (i.e., >169 days) islet survival was only seen in 2 of 14 rAAV-IL-10 treated mice. These failures occurred despite in vivo IL-10 production at transplant previously associated with protection of syngeneic islet grafts in NOD mice. Thus, IL-10 appears insufficient in protecting transplanted islet cells from allogeneic rejection and suggests important mechanistic variances between alloreactivity and autoimmunity in terms islet graft loss.     

CXC趋化因子受体6在小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中的表达及意义

目的 研究CXC趋化因子受体6(CXCR6)在同种异体小鼠心脏移植中的表达及CXC趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)与CXCR6相互作用对移植物存活时间的影响.方法 以野生型Balb/c小鼠(H-2d)为供者(同种移植组),或以野生型C57BL/6小鼠(H-2b)为供者(同系移植组),以野生型C57BL/6小鼠为受者分别行小鼠腹腔异位心脏移植.测定同系和同种移植组小鼠移植心脏CXCR6mRNA的表达,并测定受者脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达.另制作小鼠同种异位心脏移植模型(Balb/c小鼠为供者,C57BL/6小鼠为受者),将其分为实验组和对照组,实验组受者移植当天至发生排斥反应时腹腔注射抗CXCL16抗体,对照组受者同期注射对照抗体.记录两组移植心脏存活时间.进行CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒试验,即用Balb/c小鼠脾细胞免疫C57BL/6小鼠后,获取C57BL/6小鼠脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞,将Balb/c小鼠脾细胞与C57BL/6小鼠CD8+T淋巴细胞混合培养,分别加入抗CXCL16抗体、小鼠IgG(对照抗体)和抗CD40L抗体.结果 同种移植组移植心脏中CXCR6 mRNA的表达以及脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞上CXCR6的表达均高于同系移植组和正常对照组.抗CXCL16抗体对CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性无影响.与对照组相比较,实验组小鼠移植心脏存活时间并未明显延长.结论 小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达上升,阻断CXCL16/CXCR6相互作用并不能延长移植心脏的存活时间.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the expression of CXCR6 in allograft rejection and effect of CXCL16/CXCR6 interaction on allograft survival Methods Intra-abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation was performed using wild type (WT) Balb/c mice (H-2d) (allogeneic) as donors or WT C57BL/6 mice (B6, H-2b) (syngeneic) as donors, and using WT B6 mice as recipients. The intragraft expression of CXCR6 and expression of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cells of the spleens from syngeneic and allogeneic recipients were examined. The allogeneic recipients were further divided into the experimental group (n = 5) and control group (n = 6) randomly. The experiment group and control group were injected with anti-CXCL16 mAb or control mAb respectively until rejection occurred. The cardiac allograft survival in experimental group and control group was evaluated. Results Rejected allografts showed higher expression of CXCR6 than syngeneic cardiac grafts. More importantly,expression of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cells was also up-regulated by allograft rejection. However, injection of anti-CXCL16 mAb could not inhibit cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, experimental group could not prolong the cardiac graft survival time as compared with control group. Conclusion Expression of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cells is up-regulated in allograft rejection.     

CXC趋化因子受体6在小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中的表达及意义

目的 研究CXC趋化因子受体6(CXCR6)在同种异体小鼠心脏移植中的表达及CXC趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)与CXCR6相互作用对移植物存活时间的影响.方法 以野生型Balb/c小鼠(H-2d)为供者(同种移植组),或以野生型C57BL/6小鼠(H-2b)为供者(同系移植组),以野生型C57BL/6小鼠为受者分别行小鼠腹腔异位心脏移植.测定同系和同种移植组小鼠移植心脏CXCR6mRNA的表达,并测定受者脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达.另制作小鼠同种异位心脏移植模型(Balb/c小鼠为供者,C57BL/6小鼠为受者),将其分为实验组和对照组,实验组受者移植当天至发生排斥反应时腹腔注射抗CXCL16抗体,对照组受者同期注射对照抗体.记录两组移植心脏存活时间.进行CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒试验,即用Balb/c小鼠脾细胞免疫C57BL/6小鼠后,获取C57BL/6小鼠脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞,将Balb/c小鼠脾细胞与C57BL/6小鼠CD8+T淋巴细胞混合培养,分别加入抗CXCL16抗体、小鼠IgG(对照抗体)和抗CD40L抗体.结果 同种移植组移植心脏中CXCR6 mRNA的表达以及脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞上CXCR6的表达均高于同系移植组和正常对照组.抗CXCL16抗体对CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性无影响.与对照组相比较,实验组小鼠移植心脏存活时间并未明显延长.结论 小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达上升,阻断CXCL16/CXCR6相互作用并不能延长移植心脏的存活时间.     

CXC趋化因子受体6在小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中的表达及意义

目的 研究CXC趋化因子受体6(CXCR6)在同种异体小鼠心脏移植中的表达及CXC趋化因子配体16(CXCL16)与CXCR6相互作用对移植物存活时间的影响.方法 以野生型Balb/c小鼠(H-2d)为供者(同种移植组),或以野生型C57BL/6小鼠(H-2b)为供者(同系移植组),以野生型C57BL/6小鼠为受者分别行小鼠腹腔异位心脏移植.测定同系和同种移植组小鼠移植心脏CXCR6mRNA的表达,并测定受者脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达.另制作小鼠同种异位心脏移植模型(Balb/c小鼠为供者,C57BL/6小鼠为受者),将其分为实验组和对照组,实验组受者移植当天至发生排斥反应时腹腔注射抗CXCL16抗体,对照组受者同期注射对照抗体.记录两组移植心脏存活时间.进行CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒试验,即用Balb/c小鼠脾细胞免疫C57BL/6小鼠后,获取C57BL/6小鼠脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞,将Balb/c小鼠脾细胞与C57BL/6小鼠CD8+T淋巴细胞混合培养,分别加入抗CXCL16抗体、小鼠IgG(对照抗体)和抗CD40L抗体.结果 同种移植组移植心脏中CXCR6 mRNA的表达以及脾脏CD8+T淋巴细胞上CXCR6的表达均高于同系移植组和正常对照组.抗CXCL16抗体对CD8+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性无影响.与对照组相比较,实验组小鼠移植心脏存活时间并未明显延长.结论 小鼠心脏移植排斥反应中CD8+T淋巴细胞CXCR6的表达上升,阻断CXCL16/CXCR6相互作用并不能延长移植心脏的存活时间.     

Early increased chemokine expression and production in murine allogeneic skin grafts is mediated by natural killer cells

BACKGROUND: Increased expression of chemokine mRNA is observed in allogeneic but not syngeneic skin grafts 3-4 days after transplantation. The recipient cells mediating this early inflammatory response in allografts remain unidentified. METHODS: Isogeneic and allogeneic skin grafts were transplanted to euthymic and athymic nude mice. mRNA expression and protein production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and the murine homolog of Gro(alpha), i.e. KC, from graft homogenates retrieved 3-4 days posttransplantation was tested by Northern blot hybridization and ELISA. To deplete NK cells, recipients were treated with antiasialo GM1 (ASGM1) antisera or with anti-NK1.1 mAb before transplantation. RESULTS: Expression of KC, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta mRNA was equivalent in C57BL/6 allogeneic skin grafts and BALB/c isografts at day 2 posttransplant. At day 3 posttransplant, chemokine mRNA levels decreased in isografts but were maintained at high levels in the allografts. Increased early chemokine mRNA was also observed in C57BL/6, but not BALB/c++ grafts on BALB/c athymi(nu/nu) recipients. Treatment of allograft recipients with ASGM1 or with anti-NK1.1 antibody eliminated NK cells from the spleen and allograft infiltrating cell populations and decreased early chemokine mRNA levels in allografts 60-70%. Analyses of allograft homogenates indicated increased levels of KC, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta protein at day 4 posttransplant that were decreased in recipients depleted of NK cells. Early chemokine mRNA levels were equivalent in isogeneic and semiallogeneic F1 grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Early chemokine mRNA expression and protein production in allogeneic skin grafts is amplified by recipient natural killer (NK) cells. These results indicate a novel function for infiltrating NK cells in mediating early increased intra-allograft chemokine production and inflammation during the initiation of acute rejection.     

Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta and eosinophil infiltration is associated with the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in long-term surviving cardiac allografts

BACKGROUND: Transplant arteriosclerosis is a major limiting factor for long-term function of allografts in clinical transplantation. This study investigated the impact of three different protocols capable of inducing long-term allograft survival on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis and immune response in cardiac allografts. METHODS: CBA.Ca (H2k) recipients of fully allogeneic C57/BL10 (H2b) heart grafts received a short-term course of anti-CD154 antibody or were pretreated with anti-CD4 antibody in combination with donor alloantigen in the form of CBK (H2k+Kb) bone marrow or C57BL/10 donor-specific transfusion (DST). Grafts were analyzed on day 40 or 100 after transplantation for transplant arteriosclerosis and expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 mRNA. Serum was analyzed for the presence of alloantibodies. RESULTS: Intimal proliferation was 62%+/-11% on day 40 in the anti-CD154 group, progressed from 31%+/-10% on day 40 to 68%+/-8% on day 100 in the CBK-bone marrow group, but remained stable at 39%+/-4% in the DST group. Increased transplant arteriosclerosis on day 100 was associated with high intragraft TGF-beta1 mRNA production and eosinophil infiltration, but not alloantibody production. Progressing transplant arteriosclerosis was associated with increased IL-4 expression. CONCLUSION: Treatment protocols for the induction of long-term allograft survival can differ substantially in the extent and kinetics of transplant arteriosclerosis. IL-4 and TGF-beta1 may be two potential therapeutic targets to attenuate the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in the long term.     

Pitavastatin suppresses acute and chronic rejection in murine cardiac allografts

INTRODUCTION: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors play several roles in the maintenance of organ transplants. We investigated the role of pitavastatin, a potent and newly developed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in cardiac allograft rejection and mechanism of graft arterial disease (GAD) suppression. METHODS: Balb/c mice hearts were transplanted into C3H/He mice (a full allomismatch combination) to assess acute rejection or C57BL/6 hearts into B6.C-H2()KhEg (a class II mismatch combination) to examine the extent of GAD. Pitavastatin was administered orally to mice everyday (3 mg/kg/day). To assess the effect in acute rejection, mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed and cytokine mRNA expression was examined with ribonuclease protection assay. RESULTS: Pitavastatin significantly prolonged allograft survival. Lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by pitavastatin, and RPA showed down-regulation of interleukin-6 in pitavastatin-treated cardiac allografts. Allografts in the pitavastatin-treated group after 8 weeks showed less GAD compared with the control group. In vitro, pitavastatin suppressed the smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to activated T cells and inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation. CONCLUSION: Pitavastatin could be effective in the suppression of acute rejection and GAD development in cardiac transplantation.     

弓形虫可溶性抗原混合液延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间

目的 探讨弓形虫可溶性抗原混合液(STAgs)延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间的作用及其作用机制.方法 通过在冰浴中超声粉碎弓形虫速殖子制备弓形虫STAgs.实验分为3组,每组受者9只.STAgs组和急性排斥反应(AR)组:供者为Balb/c小鼠,受者为C57BL/6小鼠,移植前4 d两组受者分别皮下注射STAgs 5μg和磷酸盐缓冲液100μl,同系对照组供、受者均为C57BL/6小鼠,术前未进行任何处理.分组后建立小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型.术后观察移植心脏存活时间,术后第7天每组处死3只受者,获取移植心脏行病理学检查观察排斥反应,采用免疫组织化学检测移植心中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞.结果 同系移植组在观察终点100 d时均存活,AR组和STAgs组移植心脏存活时间分别为(6.7±0.5)和(70.8±3.5)d,3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后第7天,同系移植组、AR组和STAgs组移植心排斥反应分级分别为0级、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级和0～Ⅰ级;免疫组织化学检测显示STAgs组CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞比例明显少于AR组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 弓形虫STAgs能显著延长小鼠移植心脏的存活时间,减轻移植心脏的排斥反应,县体机制可能与弓形虫STAgs可影响TH1/TH2比例相关,也可能通过刺激机体产生脂氧素A4抑制树突状细胞活化发挥作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of T. gondii soluble tachyzoite antigen (STAgs) on the survival time of mouse heart allograft and the possible mechanism. Methods The STAgs were prepared by pulverizing T. gondii tachyzoite with ultrasound on ice. Cervical heterotopic heart transplantations were done by using Balb/c mice as donors, and C57BL/6 mice as recipients.The recipients were classified randomly into three groups: syngeneic group, acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group. The recipients in acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 0. 1 ml PBS and 0. 1 ml (5 μg) STAgs at the 4th day before transplantation respectively, and those in syngeneic group were not subjected to any treatment. The grafts were observed daily by cervical palpation, and the total cessation of cardiac contraction was defined as the endpoint. The heart allografts were harvested at the 7th day after transplantation for pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ T, CD8+ T. Results The recipients in syngeneic group were all alive at the 100th day after transplantation. The average survival time in acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group was (6.7± 0.5) days and (70.8± 3.5) days,respectively (P＜0.05). HE staining showed that the rejection on the 7th day after transplantation in syngeneic group, acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group was fallen into 0 degree, Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree and 0- Ⅰ degree, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the CD4+ T and CD8+T were markedly down-regulated in STAgs-treated group as compared with those in acute rejection group. Conclusion T. gondii STAgs can significantly prolong the survival time of mouse heart allograft and inhibit the rejection probably by changing the ratio of TH1/TH2, or inhibiting the effect of dendritic cells by inducing the lipoxin A4.