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1.
S. R. Pattyn G. Groenen J. Bourland A. De Muynck S. Grillone G. Grossetete J. A. Husser L. Janssens 《European journal of epidemiology》1988,4(2):231-234
In order to determine the duration of follow-up needed to evaluate the efficacy of short-course bactericidal regimens for multibacillary leprosy, information is needed on the incubation time of relapses after stopping treatment. Several groups of patients, who had been on rifampicin-containing regimens, were followed up for periods ranging from 4 to 10 years, Two groups of relapses were observed: early relapses occurring within 3.5 years after stopping treatment, with a median incubation time of 1 year and 10 months (upper limit of 95% confidence interval: 2 years); and late relapses occurring more than 3.5 years after stopping treatment, with a median incubation of 5 years. Early relapses are probably due to insufficient treatment, and late relapses to persisting bacilli or to reinfection. It is concluded that the efficacy of short-course RMP-containing therapeutic regimens can be evaluated by observing the occurrence of early relapses, 50% of which occur before 2 years after the end of therapy.Corresponding author. 相似文献
2.
Between January 1992 and December 1994, a prospective study was performed in two centres comparing chemical synovectomy using repeated weekly injections (range, 1–17) of Rifampicin (Group R) vs. radioactive synovectomy using 1–2 injections of Yttrium-90 (Group Y). The study was performed on 38 joints in a total of 35 haemophilic patients suffering from chronic haemophilic synovitis unresponsive to 3 months of conservative treatment (substitution therapy with the deficient coagulation factor plus a rehabilitation protocol). Group R included 18 patients with an average age of 9 years, with an average follow-up time of 25 months. In Group R, 19 joints were treated: nine knees, four elbows and six ankles. Group Y included 17 patients with an average age of 18 years, with an average follow-up time of 23 months. In Group Y, 19 joints were treated: 14 knees, two elbows and three ankles. The joints were evaluated according to the frequency of bleeding episodes and the Pettersson radiographic score. On the basis of the radiographic scale at the time of the synoviortheses, the joints were categorized as stage I (0 points), stage II (1–2 points), stage III (3–7 points), stage IV (8–10 points) and stage V (11–13 points). The overall results showed that in Group R, bleeding decreased in 12 joints, remained the same in six and worsened in one. In Group Y, bleeding decreased in 11 joints, remained the same in seven and worsened in one. In both Groups, bleeding was controlled best if joints were in stages I and II. In stages III, IV and V, synoviorthesis should not be carried out in haemophilia because it is not effective. Use of radioactive substances in persons under the age of 9 years has been discouraged in the past and therefore only Rifampicin was used in this age group. However, in patients over 9 years of age, this study showed similar decrease of bleeding in both treatment groups. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of both agents, we suggest the use of Rifampicin in elbows and ankles but prefer Yttrium-90 for the knees. 相似文献
3.
HPLC测定人血清中利福平的浓度 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 建立测定血清中利福平浓度的高效液相色谱法 ,并应用于临床。方法 采用Nova -pakC18色谱柱 (4 μm ,15 0nm× 3.9mm) ,以甲醇 - 0 .0 2mol·L-1醋酸钠 (6 2∶4 0 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 334nm ,测定口服利福平 4d以上的患者血清中利福平的浓度。结果 血清中利福平在 0 .5~ 16 .0 μg·ml-1范围内浓度与峰面积线性关系良好 (r=0 .9992 ) ,平均回收率为99 .4 3% ,日内、日间RSD <5 .0 %。结论 所用方法准确、灵敏 ,用血量少 ,适用于治疗药物监测 ,为临床用药提供数据参考 相似文献
4.
制剂中利福平晶型的确定 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的确定制剂中利福平的晶型.方法利用粉末X-射线衍射方法测定不同晶型的利福平原料,结合文献数据,总结出利福平各晶型的主要特征衍射峰;直接测定利福平胶囊内容物或片剂研细的固体粉末的粉末X-射线衍射图谱,根据图谱中存在的利福平主要特征衍射峰,确定制剂中利福平的晶型.结果利福平晶体的主要特征衍射峰(2θ)分别为8.79°和14.48°(Ⅰ型结晶),1 5.84°和20.06°(Ⅱ型结晶),18.36°(SV型结晶);制剂中的辅料不干扰对主要特征衍射峰的判断;国内5个企业的12批利福平片和37个企业的88批利福平胶囊中的利福平均为Ⅰ型结晶.结论本方法可方便地判断制剂中利福平的晶型. 相似文献
5.
6.
目的探究利福喷丁治疗肺结核患者的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月—2013年2月就诊于淄博市第一医院的肺结核患者122例,随机分为治疗组(61例)和对照组(61例),所有患者均口服异烟肼片0.3 g/d,吡嗪酰胺片1.5 g/d,盐酸乙胺丁醇片0.75 g/d。治疗组在此基础上口服利福喷丁胶囊,0.6 g/次,1次/周。对照组口服利福平胶囊,0.45 g/d。两组患者均连续治疗6个月。治疗结束后,评价两组患者的临床疗效,同时观察痰涂片转阴、空洞消失及病灶吸收情况和不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为96.72%、85.25%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。治疗3、6个月治疗组患者的痰涂片转阴率、空洞消失率及病灶吸收率均明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。治疗3、6个月后治疗组患者的胃肠道反应、白细胞降低例数、谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平均明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论应用利福喷丁对肺结核患者进行治疗可明显增强临床疗效,且不良反应较小,建议临床推广应用。 相似文献
7.
目的:观察抗结核药缓释涂层在兔脊柱结核模型体内的释药性能及组织分布特性.方法:选取新西兰大白兔(雌雄不限)体重3.00±0.25kg,通过椎体钻孔、浸注结核杆菌法构建并筛选脊柱结核模型120只,按"异烟肼(INH,H)、利福平(RFP,R)和吡嗪酰胺(PZA,Z)"给药剂型及途径不同,将模型分为4组,每组各30只:A组... 相似文献
8.
Takenaga M Ohta Y Tokura Y Hamaguchi A Igarashi R Disratthakit A Doi N 《Drug delivery》2008,15(3):169-175
The study demonstrated that lipid microspheres (LM) containing rifampicin (LM-RFP) could deliver the drug to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and that intranasal administration to animals could achieve preferential accumulation in the lungs with less effect on the liver. The LM-RFP particles had a mean diameter of 247.2 ± 75.7 nm, and their size remained stable when stored at 4°C or 25°C for at least 4 weeks. In vitro uptake of [3H]LM-RFP by alveolar macrophages was over 4 times higher than that of unencapsulated [3H]RFP, whereas the in vivo uptake was 30 times higher. Flow cytometric analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that LM could deliver the encapsulated drug effectively to alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Intranasal administration of [3H]LM-RFP to normal mice resulted in preferential pulmonary uptake of the drug and lower levels in the blood and liver compared with administration of unencapsulated [3H]RFP. In conclusion, LM-RFP could be a promising preparation for delivery via the respiratory tract to tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV patients. 相似文献
9.
目的 :制备复合异烟肼(H)、利福平(R)、吡嗪酰胺(Z)的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(HRZ/PLGA)缓释微球,观察其理化性质和体外缓释特性。方法:以PLGA(450mg)为载体,避光条件下称取H(40mg)、R(60mg)、Z(125mg),采用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备HRZ/PLGA缓释微球,应用扫描电镜观察微球的形态特征;应用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其载药量、包封率;采用溶出法、HPLC于3h、6h、12h、1d、2d、3d、6d、9d、12d、15d、20d、25d、30d、40d、50d测定H、R、Z三种药物的浓度,观察其是否均大于10倍最低抑菌浓度(MIC),计算其日均释药率、累计释药率。结果:HRZ/PLGA微球在电镜下观察呈圆球形,平均粒径为10.3±4.7μm;H、R、Z三种药物的载药量分别为(18.02±0.36)%、(22.46±0.24)%、(21.68±0.37)%,包封率分别为(54.79±1.13)%、(72.35±0.39)%、(67.21±0.68)%;体外缓释试验显示微球缓释前12d左右,三种药物的累计缓释度均超过了50%,日均释药率分别为5.05%、4.89%、6.86%;第12天后三药的缓释基本趋于稳定,日均释药率分别为0.17%、0.26%、0.16%;三种药物缓释到50d时均大于10倍MIC。结论:HRZ/PLGA微球具有优良的载药及药物缓释效果,是一种理想的复合抗结核药物缓释系统。 相似文献
10.
Hui Zhu Shao-Chen Guo Lan-Hu Hao Cheng-Cheng Liu Bin Wang Lei Fu Ming-Ting Chen Lin Zhou Jun-Ying Chi Wen Yang Wen-Juan Nie Yu Lu 《中华医学杂志(英文版)》2015,128(4):433-437