膝关节骨关节炎患者胫骨扭转角度的异常及临床意义

目的探讨合并内翻或外翻畸形的骨关节炎患者胫骨扭转异常的方向和程度，并研究胫骨扭转异常对人工膝关节置换手术的影响。方法以10个正常膝关节作为对照，对32位膝关节骨关节炎患者，共62侧下肢膝、踝关节进行旋转中立位CT扫描，分别测量胫骨近端前髁轴、胫骨横轴及胫骨后髁轴与双踝轴之间的角度。测量股骨内外上髁轴在胫骨结节层面的投射线中点与胫骨结节内1／3连线与股骨内外上髁轴线外侧夹角（TT角），股骨内外上髁轴在胫骨结节层面的投射线中点与胫骨结节内1／3连线与双踝轴垂线交角（TT-AA角）。结果正常人胫骨外向扭转角度平均约为25°，合并内翻畸形的膝关节骨关节炎患者胫骨外向扭转角明显降低，平均约为17°（P〈0．05），合并外翻畸形的膝关节胫骨外向扭转角度明显增大，平均约为32°（P〈0．05）；胫骨扭转角的近端参考轴线：胫骨前髁轴、横轴或后髁轴之间的差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）；无论内翻和外翻畸形，TT角较正常膝关节明显减小（P〈0．05），TT-AA角与正常膝关节相比没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论膝关节骨关节炎患者存在胫骨扭转异常，合并内翻畸形的膝关节胫骨外向扭转角度减少，而外翻畸形胫骨外向扭转角度增加；合并内翻和外翻畸形的膝关节胫骨结节内1／3相对于股骨远端均发生明显外旋，以胫骨结节内1／3作为胫骨假体旋转定位标记，将导致人工膝关节假体旋转对线不良。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的评价人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效,探讨人工膝关节置换术后并发症的原因。方法本组24例30膝膝关节骨关节炎患者进行人工全膝关节置换术,一期单膝置换18例,双膝同时置换6例,均采用后方稳定性假体。结果本组随访1～4年,平均2年。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析,优24膝,良3膝,可2膝,差1膝,优良率90%。并发症：腓总神经损伤2例,人工膝关节脱位1例,有1膝差25°不能完全伸直。结论人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确进行人工膝关节置换的手术操作是取得满意临床效果的保证。     

胫骨后倾角在全膝关节置换中的意义

膝关节是人体最大与最重要的关节之一。随着老年社会的到来，膝关节骨关节炎的发病明显增加。人工膝关节置换是治疗膝关节骨关节炎的重要手段。人工膝关节置换术虽然是一项成熟的技术，但对假体的安装技术要求较高，其中胫骨后倾角对人工关节置换的影响逐渐得到重视，针对人工关节置换时胫骨假体是否需要后倾安装是有争议的，本文复习文献后进行了初步讨论。     

膝关节骨关节炎患者膝关节内翻畸形与胫骨旋转角关系的临床研究

目的探讨膝关节骨性关节炎患者膝关节内翻畸形与胫骨旋转角的关系。 方法随机选取80例（107膝）罹患膝关节炎内翻患者和50例（100膝）膝关节正常者,分为KOA组和对照组。测量胫股角（FTA）和胫骨旋转角（TTA）,对比两组间胫股角和胫骨旋转角的差异及相关性。 结果KOA组FTA为（182.6±2.5）°,对照组FTA为（174.8±2.9）°,KOA组的FTA大于对照组（t=41.598,P<0.01）;KOA组TTA为（20±8）°,对照组TTA为（25±8）°,KOA组的TTA小于对照组（t=6.360,P<0.01）,对照组和KOA组男性[（174.3±2.2）° vs（181.9±2.2）°,t=24.319,P<0.01],女性[（175.0±2.4）° vs（184.8±3.3）°,t=17.490,P<0.01],40~59岁组[（173.1±2.0）° vs（177.0±2.2）°,t=63.808,P<0.01],60~69岁组[（174.7±2.0）° vs（179.2±2.2）°,t=76.181,P<0.01],>70岁组[（176.7±2.6）° vs（188.5±3.1）°,t=49.259,P<0.01],左侧[（175.3±2.2）° vs（183.9±3.3）°,t=29.871,P<0.01],右侧[（175.0±3.2）° vs（182.3±2.8）°,t=28.658,P<0.01]亚组间FTA差异有统计学意义;对照组和KOA组男性[（25±8）° vs（21±8）°,t=3.198,P<0.01],女性[（26±7）° vs（20±10）°,t=4.719,P<0.01],>70岁组[（23±10）° vs（18±8）°,t=6.651,P<0.01],左侧[（25±9）° vs（20±8）°,t=4.512,P<0.01],右侧[（25±9）° vs（21±8）°,t=2.973,P<0.01]亚组间TTA差异有统计学意义。KOA组40~59岁组（r=-0.317,P<0.05）,60~69岁组（r=-0.429,P<0.05）,>70岁组（r=-0.810,P<0.01）,K-L分级Ⅱ级（r=-0.387,P<0.05）,Ⅲ级（r=-0.442,P<0.05）,Ⅳ级（r=-0.834,P<0.01）各亚组内胫股角和胫骨旋转角有相关性。 结论KOA患者膝关节内翻畸形与胫骨旋转角呈负相关,其相关程度受年龄和K-L分级的影响,KOA患者年龄越大,胫骨旋转角越小;K-L分级越高,胫骨旋转角越小。     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎合并帕金森病临床效果

[目的]评价全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝骨关节炎(osteoarthritis, OA)合并帕金森病(Parkinsons disease, PD)的临床效果,探讨TKA治疗在OA合并PD患者人群中的有效性与安全性。[方法]回顾分析2012年1月1日～2018年11月1于本院行TKA治疗合并PD的OA患者,统计其性别、年龄、BMI、术前基础疾病等基本信息,采用国际Hoehn—Yahr分级对帕金森病患者病情进行评估,采用KSS评分对膝关节术前术后的活动度、疼痛及功能进行评价。[结果]本组男4例,女9例,就诊时平均年龄(69.23±5.93)岁。所有患者切口均I期愈合,无血栓、感染等局部和全身并发症发生。患者疼痛程度均较前明显减轻或消失。术后患者Hoehn-Yahr分级维持原等级。13例患者均获得随访,时间12～54个月,平均23.4个月。末次随访时,其中轻度疼痛2例,中度3例,无重度疼痛者。X线片未见松动迹象,末次随访KSS评分比术前显著提高,其中KSS活动度评分、KSS疼痛相关评分、KSS功能评分分别为26.69、47.38、44.83,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前对比,KSS评分中疼痛较活动度及功能提高更明显。[结论]帕金森合并骨关节炎患者,在相关科室会诊并控制好PD病情基础上,人工全膝关节置换术是一种安全有效的方法。TKA可以明显缓解疼痛,改善步态,患者满意度较高。     

旋转平台全膝关节置换术中胫骨假体的旋转安放及相关研究

目的通过对旋转平台全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）术中胫骨假体自行确定的旋转中立位与胫骨结节内侧缘、胫骨结节中内1／3等解剖标志点相互位置关系的比较,探讨TKA术中胫骨假体的正确旋转放置位置。方法2006年3月至2008年3月,对30例患者行初次单膝关节置换术,女21例,男9例;年龄54—77岁,平均62岁。术前诊断：骨关节炎23例,类风湿关节炎7例。所有手术均采用旋转平台膝关节假体。胫骨假体的旋转放置以胫骨前后轴为参照。假体试件安装完毕、关节复位后,全范围内屈伸膝关节数次,使旋转平台在股骨假体的导引下自行确定其伸直位时的旋转中立位。借助于试件前方的刻度标志测量胫骨平台旋转试件相对于金属托中心（胫骨结节内侧缘）的旋转角度。结果胫骨旋转平台试件的中点相对于胫骨结节内侧缘的平均旋转角度为外旋2．3°±3．4°,其中男性平均为2．2°±3．6°,女性平均为2．4°±3．4°,男、女性比较差异无统计学意义。膝内、外翻平均外旋角度分别为2．9°±3．0°和1．4°±3．9°,膝内翻外旋角度大于膝外翻。本次研究的结果显著小于国人胫骨前后轴与后十字韧带中点胫骨结节中内1／3连线的夹角。结论国人TKA术中采用固定平台膝关节假体时,以胫骨结节中内1／3为标准行胫骨假体旋转放置时,有导致胫骨假体相对于股骨假体外旋过度的可能,满意的胫骨假体旋转安放位置应位于胫骨结节内侧缘稍外侧。     

髌韧带附着处作为胫骨假体旋转对位解剖参考标志的准确性研究北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨以髌韧带附着处及胫骨截骨面中心点为参考标志构建的改良型Akagi线作为胫骨假体旋转对位参考轴的准确性。方法 2021年7月—12月,选择72例因膝关节骨关节炎伴内翻畸形行三维CT扫描的患者。其中男18例,女54例;年龄47~84岁,平均64.9岁。术前髋-膝-踝角0°~26°,平均9.3°。将CT图像导入交互式医学影像控制系统Mimics 21.0,建立膝关节数字化三维模型。在股骨三维模型中标记出内上髁凹和外上髁最高点的位置,构建外科通髁轴及其投影的垂线[胫骨前后(anteroposterior,AP)轴)]。在胫骨三维模型中,以髌韧带附着处作为解剖参考标志构建胫骨假体旋转对位参考轴,包括髌韧带附着处内侧缘(C)和后交叉韧带止点中点(O)的连线(Akagi线)、胫骨截骨面中点(GC)和C点的连线[(髌韧带内侧轴(medial border axis of the patellar tendon,MBPT)]、髌韧带附着处内侧1/6处和GC点的连线[髌韧带内侧1/6轴(medial sixth axis of the patellar tendon,MSPT)]、髌韧带附着处内侧1/3处和O点的连线[髌韧带内侧1/3轴1(medial third axis of the patellar tendon 1,MTPT1)]和髌韧带附着处内侧1/3处和GC点的连线[髌韧带内侧1/3轴2(medial third axis of the patellar tendon 2,MTPT2)]。测量5种参考轴与AP轴之间的夹角,并统计其与AP轴夹角分布情况(分为≤3°、3°~5°、5°~10°和>10°)。结果 Akagi线和MBPT分别相对于AP轴内旋(1.6±5.9)°和(2.4±6.9)°,而MSPT、MTPT1和MTPT2则相对于AP轴分别外旋(5.4±6.6)°、(7.0±5.8)°和(11.9±6.6)°。各参考轴与AP轴夹角及其分布情况差异均有统计学意义(F=68.937,P<0.001;χ^(2)=248.144,P<0.001)。其中Akagi线与MBPT间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.067),与MSPT、MTPT1和MTPT2比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.012 5)。结论 当人工全膝关节置换术中无法准确辨清后交叉韧带止点位置时,可以参考胫骨截骨面中点使用MBPT作为改良型Akagi线,以构建可靠的胫骨假体旋转对位。     

国人胫骨平台内翻角的测量及其临床意义

[目的]目前人工膝关节置换术(TotalKneeArthroplasty,TKA)中,冠状面上胫骨侧都采用垂直截骨,为了代偿由此所致的胫骨侧非对称截骨,需将股骨假体适度外旋位放置,以后髁轴为参照,其外旋角度等于胫骨平台内翻角。临床术中作者发现参照国外3.00°的标准进行手术时常常出现股骨假体外旋不足所致的一系列并发症,考虑到人种间的区别可能导致的细致解剖上的差异,因而设计了该课题,通过对正常国人X线片的测量,得出其胫骨平台内翻角的数值,为人工膝关节置换术时国人股骨假体的外旋放置角度提供参照。[方法]200例青年健康志愿者摄双侧小腿全长正位片,用AutoCAD软件分别测量小腿机械轴垂直线与胫骨平台面切线(PT角)及双侧股骨髁远端切线的夹角(FT角)。[结果]正常国人的平均PT角为4.06°,FT角为5.00°,均明显大于国外的的参考值。[结论]国人TKA手术以股骨后髁轴为参照时,后髁的外旋截骨角度应>3.00°放置,以5.00°为宜,以获得满意的股骨假体的外旋放置。     

全膝关节置换与胫骨假体旋转对线

胫骨假体旋转对线是影响全膝关节置换术后膝关节功能和假体生存的重要因素。至今尚无明确的胫骨假体旋转对线的定位方法。目前常用的旋转对线定位方法包括关节外胫骨假体旋转参考标志和自我形合技术等，但关节外旋转对线不可靠，易受到膝关节内外翻畸形的影响，自我形舍技术一般会导致胫骨假体过度外旋，两者易导致胫骨假体旋转不良。近年有文献报道使用胫骨截骨面解剖标志来确定胫骨假体旋转对线，其中胫骨平台Akagi前后线及胫骨髁间棘间沟线较为可靠，易于术中定位，是目前全膝关节置换术中值得采用的方法。     

旋转铰链型膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的 探讨旋转铰链型膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎的疗效。方法 采用旋转铰链型膝关节置换治疗30例膝关节骨关节炎患者。记录手术情况及并发症发生情况,比较手术前后膝关节活动度、疼痛VAS评分、HSS评分。结果 手术时间80～96(85.2±6.4) min,术中出血量50～90 (74.5±6.5) ml,术后引流量60～300(150.4±30.6) ml。患者均获得随访,时间14～30个月。术后6个月膝前区疼痛4例,末次随访时疼痛症状消失,患膝关节负重良好。末次随访时,膝关节X线片显示关节假体位置良好、假体骨骼界面稳固、无松动。疼痛VAS评分、HSS评分及膝关节活动度:末次随访及术后1周均较术前明显改善(P <0.05),末次随访均较术后1周明显改善(P <0.05)。结论 旋转铰链型膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎效果良好,可以缓解疼痛,恢复患者膝关节活动度。     

Distal femoral cut perpendicular to the mechanical axis may induce varus instability in flexion in medial osteoarthritic knees with varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty: a pitfall of the navigation system

Two factors that influence the external rotation angle of the femoral rotational axis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were assessed in 40 medial osteoarthritic knees with varus deformity. First, the anatomic configuration of the femur was assessed using standardized radiographs of the patients lower extremities before TKA. Second, the degree of medial soft tissue release was assessed during TKA. The radiographs showed that the characteristics of the femur were lateral bowing of the shaft and external rotation of the condyle in the coronal plane. Therefore, when the distal femur is cut perpendicular to the mechanical axis, the cut surface may be in too much of a valgus position. Furthermore, some degree of medial soft tissue release was necessary in all knees. Medial soft tissue release rotates the femur externally in extension in the coronal plane, and it rotates the femur externally around the femoral axis in flexion relative to the tibia. A distal femoral cut in too much of a valgus position and medial soft tissue release induces varus instability in flexion in knees with lateral bowing of the femoral shaft. Anatomic variation such as femoral bowing should be considered when a navigation system is used for TKA because the navigation system shows only the mechanical axis.     

Less valgus alignment in total knee arthroplasty for the varus knee

Constitutional varus of the leg is well recognizable anatomically. Moreland[1] studied long standing radiographs of normal males with a range of varus from 2.6-3° in the proximal tibia. Victor et al. [2] reported constitution varus of 3 degree in 32% men, 17% women. The authors routine technique during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is to cut the distal femur at 5° valgus and the tibia at neutral for the valgus leg and cut the distal femur at 5° valgus and the tibia 2° varus for varus aligned limbs. 127 consecutive long standing knee radiographs were not retrospectively studied pre and post operatively with 2 year minimum follow up. Average age was 68 years (range 51-90). Average weight was 215 lbs (range 110 – 333). Average tourniquet time was 32 minutes for all patients prior to closure.For the varus group (72 knees), average pre-op tibial femoral alignment was 3.3° varus (range 0-13°). Post-op tibial femoral alignment was 1.2° valgus (range 1° varus - 5° valgus) with the mechanical axis falling into the medial compartment in all patients. Average pre-op knee score was 88 and post-op was 180 at minimum of 2 years.For the valgus group (55 knees), average pre-op tibial femoral alignment was 7.5° (range 2°-24°) valgus. Average post-op tibial femoral alignment was 3.8° (range 1°-10°) valgus. Average pre-op knee score was 107 and post-op was 182 at minimum of 2 years. The authors agree with aiming for valgus alignment for the classic valgus leg (mechanical axis centered on hip, knee, ankle) and less valgus alignment for the varus knee (mechanical axis into the medial compartment). Following the patients anatomy eliminates the need for major soft tissue releases while still avoiding “malalignment”. No special soft tissue releases were required in any patient with pre-op varus or valgus alignment. The clinical outcome is not effected by leaving pre-op varus aligned extremities in less valgus with their TKA’s.     

Bony landmarks and rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty for Chinese osteoarthritic knees with varus or valgus deformities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rotational mismatch of total knee arthroplasty when taking the medial one third of the tibial tuberosity as a rotational landmark in Chinese osteoarthritic knees. Computed tomographic images of 49 osteoarthritic knees (42 with varus and 7 with valgus deformities) and 10 healthy knees were analyzed. The angle (alpha) between the 2 baselines for the anteroposterior axis of the femoral and tibial components was measured. The mean value of alpha in healthy knees was +6.45 degrees, which increased significantly to +11.53 degrees in varus knees (P = .002) and +12.17 degrees in valgus knees (P = .04). It showed that there is a tendency for the tibial component to be externally rotated when the medial one third of the tibial tuberosity is defined as a rotational landmark. This finding is particularly prominent in Chinese osteoarthritic knees with varus or valgus deformities.     

膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形的全膝关节置换术

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸菜的临床疗效。方法：对40例人工全膝关节置换术进行3个月～6年的随访,手术的假体均使用后稳定型人工膝关节,并应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析。结果：手术优良率为95％,忠者术后在疼痛、功能及关节活动度等方面都有明显改善,各种产发症的发生率低。结论：全膝关节置换术是治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形的有效方法,术中应注意膝周软组织平衡的重要性,术后应加强功能康复训练。     

Lateral epicondylar osteotomy for severe varus deformity during total knee arthroplasty

In most cases of arthritic varus knees, stepwise osteophytes removal and medial soft tissue release could achieve satisfactory soft tissue balance during total knee arthroplasty. However, in some severe cases, conventional balancing techniques are not enough, necessitating other procedures like epicondylar osteotomy. To the best of our knowledge, no published article has reported the application of lateral epicondylar osteotomy in a severe varus knee. Here we reported a case of successful correction of a severe varus knee following lateral epicondylar osteotomy, and described its underlying rationale.     

重度膝关节外翻畸形的全膝关节置换术

 目的 探讨重度膝关节外翻畸形全膝关节置换术的手术方法及临床效果。方法 对2007年1月至2012年12月采用全膝关节置换治疗的重度膝关节外翻畸形患者22例（23膝）进行回顾性分析。男7例,女15例;年龄41~78岁,平均65岁。股胫角（股骨和胫骨解剖轴线的夹角）22°~50°,平均为34.6°。骨关节炎17例,类风湿关节炎5例。髌骨完全脱位3例3膝,内侧不稳定1例1膝,屈曲挛缩畸形3例4膝。21例22膝采用后稳定型假体,1例1膝采用限制型假体。髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨及单纯外侧软组织松解,术中行髌骨置换5例。以膝关节活动度、X线股胫角及美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS）膝关节评分评价术后疗效。结果 全部病例随访时间1~5年,平均2.5年。膝关节活动度由术前平均43.7°±5.8°（0°~80°）提高至末次随访时110.6°±7.5°（80°~130°）,HSS膝关节评分由术前平均（19.6±4.7）分（6~34分）提高至末次随访时（89.7±3.6）分（84~96分）,手术前后的差异有统计学意义。外翻畸形基本得到矫正,末次随访时股胫角平均为8.6°±0.8°（0°~12°）,较术前34.6°±2.4°（22°~50°）明显改善,手术前后的差异有统计学意义。术后2例2膝有膝关节内侧不稳症状,给予膝关节支具保护;1例1膝术前严重髌骨脱位患者术后存在半脱位,未予特殊处理;2例2膝术后出现腓总神经麻痹,未予特殊处理。随访期间未发生感染、松动及深静脉血栓形成等并发症。结论 对重度膝关节外翻畸形患者可采用常规截骨、单纯外侧软组织松解及后稳定型假体植入,能较好地矫正外翻畸形,近期疗效满意。     

Anterior border of the tibia as a landmark for extramedullary alignment guide in total knee arthroplasty for varus knees

A disadvantage to using extramedullary alignment guides of the tibia for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is difficulty in correctly identifying the ankle center. The anterior border of the tibia is easily palpable, as it is not covered by muscles and its shape is convex anteriorly. We hypothesized that appropriate points exist along the anterior border that can be used as landmarks for extramedullary guides. Prior to TKA, computed tomographic images of the entire tibia were obtained from 101 osteoarthritic knees with varus deformities. The relationship between the lines connecting two points on the anterior border and the mechanical axis was evaluated using 3D imaging software. The mean angles between each of 10 determined axes and the mechanical axis varied from 3.2° varus to 2.1° valgus in the coronal plane. In the sagittal plane, all axes referencing the anterior border of the tibia showed anterior inclination to the mechanical axis. The line connecting the medial one‐third of the patellar tendon attachment and the distal one‐fourth of the anterior border, however, was highly consistent and parallel to the mechanical axis in the coronal plane. This axis can be effectively used as a landmark for extramedullary guides during TKA. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:919–924     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗终末期膝关节病变合并膝外翻畸形的手术技巧及临床疗效评价

目的探讨对终末期膝关节病变合并膝外翻畸形患者行经髌旁内侧入路人工全膝关节置换(total kneearthroplasty,TKA)时膝外翻畸形矫正方法及临床疗效。方法 1998年11月-2010年10月,收治64例72膝合并膝外翻畸形的终末期膝关节病变患者。男18例,女46例;年龄23～82岁,平均62.5岁。骨关节炎44例49膝,类风湿性关节炎17例20膝,血友病性关节炎2例2膝,创伤性关节炎1例1膝。双膝8例,单膝56例。膝关节屈伸活动度为(82.2±28.7)°,X线片测量股胫角为(18.0±5.8)°。膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)临床评分为(31.2±10.1)分,功能评分(37.3±9.0)分。根据Krackow膝外翻分型标准:Ⅰ型65膝,Ⅱ型7膝。手术经髌旁内侧入路,采用常规方法行股骨及胫骨截骨,Ranawat技术进行软组织松解。6例7膝采用保留后交叉韧带型假体,54例60膝采用后稳定型假体,4例5膝采用髁限制型假体。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。1例血友病性关节炎合并严重膝外翻畸形(股胫角41°)、屈曲挛缩20°的患者术后出现腓总神经麻痹,经保守治疗1年后神经功能恢复。1例术后2年发生深部感染,行二期翻修术后治愈。患者术后均获随访,随访时间1～13年,平均4.9年。末次随访时X线片示股胫角为(7.0±2.5)°,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=15.502,P=0.000)。KSS临床评分为(83.0±6.6)分,功能评分(85.1±10.5)分,膝关节屈伸活动度为(106.1±17.0)°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。5例遗留12～15°膝外翻畸形,但患膝关节功能良好。结论通过恰当的术中截骨和软组织平衡,采用经髌旁内侧入路TKA治疗合并膝外翻畸形的终末期膝关节病变可有效改善膝外翻畸形和恢复关节功能,临床疗效满意。     

滑移截骨在关节外畸形全膝关节置换中的应用

目的:针对伴有复杂股骨关节外畸形导致的严重膝骨性关节炎、内翻膝患者在进行全膝关节置换手术时施行滑移截骨技术达到内外侧软组织平衡,观察其临床疗效.方法:自2014年6月至2018年1月共收治22例伴有复杂股骨关节外畸形的重度膝骨性关节炎患者,施行全膝关节置换手术.男5例,女17例;年龄48～76(61.3±13.8)岁....     

高度膝关节外翻畸形人工膝关节置换术合并症的预防

目的 探讨预防高度膝关节外翻畸形人工膝关节置换术出现合并症的手术方法和技巧.方法 21例高度膝关节外翻畸形患者,应用膝关节髌骨外侧手术入路Z形切开,假体安放旋转定位,以膝关节周围韧带平衡后下肢力线为基准.膝关节外翻的软组织平衡方法:膝关节屈曲位和伸直位外侧间隙均紧张,在屈曲膝关节90°状态位,松解股骨外髁上外侧副韧带、关节囊后外侧角、腘肌腱;伸直位网格状松解髂胫束上方.屈曲位良好而伸直位紧张,松解髂胫束、外侧副韧带、后关节囊;屈曲位紧张伸直位良好,松解腘肌腱、外侧副韧带、关节囊后外侧角.结果 21例均获随访,时间9～28个月,2例迟发腓总神经麻痹,3个月后恢复.手术切口一期愈合.KSS评分术前为(43.3±4.1)分,术后12个月为(83.8±5.2)分,24个月为(87.4±4.5)分.结论 应用人工膝关节置换手术治疗高度外翻膝关节畸形,难于膝关节内翻,采用膝关节外侧手术入路和相应设计的手术方法,能够很好解决外翻膝关节人工关节置换手术出现的合并症.