肾上腺脑白质营养不良MRI表现(附3例报告及文献复习)

目的 探讨肾上腺脑白质营养不良的MRI特征，提高对本病的认识。方法 回顾性分析3例经临床和生化证实的。肾上腺脑白质营养不良患者的MRI表现。结果 3例患者均表现为双侧对称性侧脑室三角区白质病变，T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，经胼胝体压部相连，呈蝶翼状分布。结论肾上腺脑白质营养不良的MRI表现具有典型特征，MR检查能准确反映病变的病理变化、范围及进展情况。MRI作为一种无创性并且敏感的检查方法，在对肾上腺脑白质营养不良的诊断和治疗方面具有重要的指导意义。     

海洛因中毒性海绵状脑白质变性的CT和MRI表现

目的探讨海洛因中毒性海绵状脑白质变性的CT和MRI的表现。方法结合文献回顾性分析6例海洛因中毒性海绵状脑白质变性者的CT和MRI资料。结果全部病灶都位于脑白质内,呈多形性、对称性分布。CT为低密度,MRI为长T1、T2信号,边界清楚或模糊,增强无强化。MRI诊断本病明显比CT优越,共显示大脑病灶55个,中脑病灶4个,小脑病灶8个。结论海洛因中毒性海绵状脑白质变性的CT和MRI表现颇具特点,结合吸毒史和中枢神经症状,不难与其他脱髓鞘疾病鉴别诊断。     

肾上腺脑白质营养不良MRI诊断

目的 分析肾上腺脑白质营养不良(ALD)的影像图像特点,提高MRI对ALD诊断的准确性.方法 收集本院1993-2008年间经生化和临床证实的ALD共9例,所有病例均行MRI检查.结果 9例病人均表现为双侧对称性侧脑室三角区白质病变,呈T_1 WI低信号,T_2 WI高信号,经胼胝体压部相连,呈蝶翼状分布;其中1例仅累及枕叶, 6例累及顶枕叶,2例累及顶枕颞叶.8例累及胼胝体压部,5例累及丘脑后外部.2例增强扫描表现为病灶周边环状强化,脑干病灶亦强化.结论 MRI能准确反映ALD病变和病程.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的CT与MRI影像学诊断分析

目的：分析肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）的CT及MRI影像学表现及诊断价值。方法：选择经手术病理证实为FNH18例,着重分析其CT和MRI影像学表现特点。结果：FNH18例均为单发结节,位于肝脏左叶7例,右叶11例,病灶直径1.5～6.5cm,平均4.3cm。CT检查15例,平扫均为低密度,其中病灶中央区可见星芒状更低密度区10例;增强扫描,动脉期有明显强化12例,中等度强化3例,病灶中央更低密度区无强化10例,病灶中央或周边可见迂曲增粗血管8例,门脉期病灶密度有所减低。MRI检查9例,平扫5个病灶呈稍长T1、稍长T2信号,3个呈等T1、等T2信号,1个呈稍短T1、稍长T2信号。MRI增强方式与CT相似。结论：CT和MRI,尤其是动态增强检查能显示FNH的典型征象并提高诊断准确度。     

儿童Kasabach-Merritt综合征的临床和CT、MRI表现

目的提高对儿童Kasabach-Merritt综合征（KMS）的临床及其CT和（或）MRI表现的认识。方法分析总结6例KMS患儿的临床表现及其CT和（或）MRI特点。结果6例患儿均有血小板减少等消耗性凝血功能异常。3例MRI分别显示后纵隔脊柱旁、右侧心包及左上臂皮肤及皮下软组织T1WI等、低信号，T2WI等、高信号病灶，增强呈不均匀显著强化；1例脾脏异常增大，CT平扫为均匀稍低密度，增强呈弥漫性不均匀强化，MRT1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号，增强后呈不均匀显著强化；1例除多根长骨干骺端骨质稀疏、骨皮质变薄外，脾脏亦增大，CT平扫见多个大小不等低密度灶，增强早期见病灶周边强化，延迟相部分病灶有对比剂逐渐充填；1例肝左叶巨大低密度肿块，增强早期病灶周边强化，延迟相部分病灶见对比剂逐渐充填。结论血小板减少及凝血功能障碍提示可能合并大面积血管瘤；脾脏增大伴密度或MRI信号弥漫、局灶性降低应考虑血管瘤可能。     

海洛因海绵状白质脑病的CT和MR表现

目的：总结海洛因海绵状白质脑病的CT及MRI特征。方法：分析5例海洛因海绵状白质脑病的临床特点，影像表现及1例病理所见，总结其CT和MRI的诊断要点。结果：海劣因海绵状白质脑病的CT和MRI特征为：（1）病变广泛累及小脑，大脑白质及脑博干，内囊后肢，多以小脑损害为重，其中以小脑中线两侧对称性边界清楚的类圆形蝴蝶样病灶为特征。（2）病灶双侧对称，边界清楚；（3）CT示病灶为低密度。MRI示病灶为T1WI低信号以及T2WI高信号影；（4）增强病灶无强化。主要的病理改变为脑白质的空泡样变性。结论：海洛因海绵状白质脑病的CT和MR表现为特征性改变，有海洛因烫吸史者，一旦出现小脑受损的表现，应及早行头部影像学检查明确诊断。     

原发性透明细胞型肝癌的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨原发性透明细胞型肝癌的影像表现,评价CT和MRI对该病的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的原发性透明细胞型肝癌的CT和MRI表现.13例行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,8例行MR T1WI、T2WI和动态增强扫描.结果 CT平扫13例病灶均为低密度,其中9例病灶内部见不规则的更低密度影.增强后动脉期所有病灶均有强化表现,9例病灶不均匀强化,病灶中心有无强化的低密度区.门静脉期11例病灶呈相对低密度,2例呈等密度.3例可见环形强化的包膜.MR T1WI上5例病灶为低信号,3例为稍高信号.T2WI上5例病灶为混杂高信号,3例为等、低信号.MRI增强动脉期所有病灶均有显著强化.门静脉期和延迟期7例病灶为相对低信号,1例为等信号.2例病灶见环形强化的包膜.结论 CT和MRI可显示原发性透明细胞型肝癌的特征性表现,有助于提高该病的诊断准确性.     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理对照

目的：总结分析肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的19例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者的CT和MRI表现。15例患者行CT平扫及增强扫描,5例患者行MRI扫描,其中l例患者同时行CT和MRI检查。结果：19例病灶均为单发,位于右侧肾上腺者14例（73．6％）,左侧肾上腺者5例（26．3％）。病灶最小者为2．0cm×2．0cm,最大者为10cm×7．0cm。肿瘤边界清楚,CT平扫密度低于肌肉组织,CT值20～30HU,增强扫描动脉期无明显强化,静脉期、延迟期呈轻度强化。2例（10．5％）肿块边缘见点状钙化。5例行MRl扫描的病例中,病灶T1wI呈低信号,T2wl呈高或稍高信号,增强扫描动脉期病灶无明显强化,静脉期、延迟期呈轻度强化。结论：CT、MRI能很好地显示肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学特点,并能清晰显示病灶与周围组织结构的关系,有助于和肾上腺其他病变的鉴别。     

结节性硬化症脑部CT和MRI表现(附12例报告)

目的:分析结节性硬化症脑部CT和MRI表现,以提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾性分析12例经临床证买为结节性硬化症患者的CT和MRI脑部影像学表现。结果:TSC脑部主要影像学改变包括:①室管膜下结节(12例),CT 上表现为多发高密度钙化结节,MRI上表现为T1WI高信号、T2WI低信号7例,T1WI和T2WI上均为低信号1例,T1WI 上呈等信号、T2WI上呈低信号4例;②皮层及皮层下结节(9例),其CT表现为高密度钙化灶3例、低密度灶6例,MRI上呈T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号9例;③脑白质异常(6例),CT上表现为多发低密度灶4例,MRI上表现为T1WI低信号、 T2WI高信号6例。5例行MRI增强扫描,示室管膜下结节呈中等强化,皮层及皮层下结节和脑白质异常信号均未见强化。结论:CT和MRI能较好显示结节性硬化脑部改变,CT对显示钙化结节较敏感,MRI对显示皮层及皮层下结节和脑白质改变较敏感。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学表现,以提高该病的诊断准确性.资料与方法回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像特点.结果15例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤中,11例行 CT 平扫及增强检查, CT 平扫8例呈均匀低密度,3例呈不均匀低密度;7例病灶内可见钙化,以散在点状或小斑块状钙化为主;增强扫描后2例病灶未见明显强化,9例病灶表现为不均匀轻、中度进行性强化,2例增强后可显示包膜.5例行 MRI 检查,病灶呈稍长 T1不均匀长 T2信号,反相位无信号减低,DWI 呈等低信号,4例增强后呈渐进性轻、中度强化,1例表现为较明显的不均匀团块状强化,4例T2WI 及增强后可显示完整包膜.结论肾上腺节细胞神经瘤一般表现为渐进性轻、中度强化,CT 可见散在点状钙化,MRI 可清晰显示包膜及内部组织成分,二者结合可对大多数病变作出正确的术前诊断.     

肝脏局灶性结节增生影像分析

目的 :分析肝脏局灶性结节增生 (FNH )的CT、MR及DSA表现 ,提高对本病的认识。方法 :6例经证实的FNH ,均行CT、MR及DSA检查。结果 :6例病灶CT平扫低密度者 4例 ,均匀或不均匀 ,2例为等密度。增强动脉期所有病灶均有明显强化 ,除中心瘢痕外病灶强化均匀一致 ,3例可见到中心或周边增粗、扭曲的动脉。门脉期和延迟期扫描 4例病灶为等密度 ,2例为略高密度。 3例伴有中心瘢痕 ,1例无强化 ,2例延迟强化。 2例行DSA检查 ,病灶内分布较均匀的新生血管团。MR检查 4例 ,T1 WI呈等信号或略低信号 ,T2 WI呈略高信号。 1例行Gd DTPA增强延迟期呈略高信号 ,中心瘢痕无明显强化。结论 :CT、MR及DSA检查可充分反映FNH的血供特点和病理特征 ,动态增强是诊断FNH最有效的影像学手段 ,在诊断和鉴别诊断中具有很大价值     

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors: imaging findings in 6 consecutive patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (ISFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms originating in the meninges. The aim of this study was to describe the CT, MR imaging, and angiographic features of the solitary fibrous tumor and to identify imaging characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT, MR, and angiographic findings in 6 cases of ISFT. We evaluated the size, shape, and location of the tumor; the internal content and margin of the lesion; the pattern of enhancement; and the change of the adjacent structures. Density on noncontrast CT scans, signal intensity on MR images, and angiographic features were also documented. RESULTS: Each lesion appeared as a discrete extra-axial mass (size, 3-7 cm; mean, 5 cm). Five lesions were entirely solid, and 1 had peritumoral cyst. All 5 of the noncontrast CT scans showed hyperattenuated masses, and the tumors exhibited marked heterogeneous enhancement. No lesion contained calcification, and 2 cases showed bone invasions. On the MR images, 4 lesions showed mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging. All of the lesions revealed marked heterogeneous enhancement. All of the tumors had thickening of the meninges adjacent to the tumor. Angiography showed delayed tumor blushing in all, and 3 of them had dysplastic dilation of the tumor vessels. CONCLUSION: Although there are no pathognomonic imaging findings, some imaging features, such as the "black-and-white mixed" pattern on T2-weighted images and marked heterogeneous enhancement, might be helpful in the diagnosis of intracranial solitary fibrous tumor.     

中枢神经系统黑色素瘤的影像诊断

目的：分析中枢神经系统黑色素瘤的MRI影像特征。材料和方法：10例中枢神经系统黑色素瘤患者，其中男女各5例，年龄11－59岁。9例病灶位于颅内，其中3例有皮肤黑色素瘤切除史；1例位地颈髓。10例全部行MRI检查，其中4例增强MRI扫描，2例CT平扫。结果：9例MRI均表现为不均－短T1、短T2信号，并在T2WI可见低信号肿块影，另1例显示不均一长T1短T2信号。4例为不均一明显强化，其中1例沿软脑膜转换；2例CT平扫为血肿密度。结论：MRI显示黑色素瘤具有特征性，显示脑膜浸润的范围和程度优于CT。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT及MRI征象分析

目的 分析13例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（AML）的CT及MRI表现,进一步提高诊断准确性。方法 所有病例均经手术病理证实。12例经CT检查,其中6例做过MRI检查,仅1例只做MRI检查。平扫后行增强动脉期和门脉期扫描,5例做了延迟期扫描。MRI检查行SE T1WI、快速自旋回波（FSE）T2WI和快速多层面干扰梯度回波（FMPSPGR）序列横断面动态多期增强扫描。结果 CT平扫11个病灶为低密度,1个为略高密度。动脉期所有病灶均有强化表现,8个病灶见到中心血管影。门脉期8个病灶有持续强化,有6个病灶见到中心血管影。MR T1WI上5个病灶为混杂信号,T2WI上所有病灶均为高信号,但信号强度各不相同。MR增强动脉期6个病灶有强化,1个病灶强化不明显。门脉期4个病灶有持续强化,3个为低信号。MR增强扫描中也有4个病灶显示中心血管影。结论 CT和MRI检查均可显示AML的特征,特别是病灶中脂肪成分和血管影高度提示AML的诊断。MR SE序列加脂肪抑制显示脂肪成分比CT更加敏感。CT和MR动态增强多期扫描可充分反映AML的强化特征,有助于提高AML的诊断准确性。     

肝脏局灶结节性增生的CT、MRI诊断

目的:评估CT、MRI对肝脏局灶结节性增生(focal nodular hyperplasia,FNH)的诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析9例FNH(6例经病理证实,3例经磁共振特异性对比剂Resovist证实)的CT、MRI表现和术前或穿刺前诊断.结果:8例为单发病灶、1例为3个病灶.10个病灶呈稍低密度,其中7个T1WI为稍低信号、T2WI稍高信号,3个病灶T1WI和T2WI为稍高信号;1个病灶为等密度和等信号;CT动脉期明显增强、门静脉期轻度增强或无增强;MRI的增强方式与CT相似,但10个病灶存在明显的延迟增强.7个病灶检出瘢痕,T1WI呈低信号、T2WI高信号,动脉期和门静脉期无增强、延迟期轻至中度增强.8例单发病灶均正确诊断为FNH.结论:CT和MRI能显示FNH的特征性改变并提高诊断的准确性.     

Value of MR imaging in evaluating focal fatty infiltration of the liver: preliminary study.

Focal fatty infiltration of the liver is a well-known entity that occasionally mimics metastatic disease on ultrasonographic (US) and computed tomographic (CT) scans and requires biopsy for diagnosis. To determine if high-field-strength magnetic resonance (MR) imaging might be useful in the differential diagnosis of the lesions, the authors compared US, CT, and MR findings in three patients with biopsy-proved fatty hepatic lesions. Areas of focal fatty infiltration were hyperechoic on US scans and had low attenuation on CT scans. No mass effect of the lesions on vascular structures or liver contours was observed, particularly on contrast material-enhanced CT scans. For all three patients, MR findings suggested the correct diagnosis by demonstrating focal high signal intensity on spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted images. On the basis of these preliminary findings, it appears that focal fatty infiltration of the liver may be differentiated from metastatic disease by means of high-field-strength MR imaging.     

CT and MR imaging of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal tract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) is rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the CT and MR imaging features of SEP of the nasal tract. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed three CT and two MR images of three histologically proved cases in two men and one woman aged 43-66 years. RESULTS: The plasmacytomas predominantly involved the nasopharynx in two cases and the nasal cavity in one. Two of the tumors were bulky solid masses, whereas the third showed infiltrative features. They were predominantly masses or infiltrative lesions with soft-tissue attenuation on CT scans. The lesions were isointense and hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted MR images, respectively. The tumors revealed moderate-to-marked contrast enhancement and may have been associated with lytic bone destruction. CONCLUSION: The imaging features of SEP are nonspecific. However, this entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the nasopharynx and nasal cavity.     

肝脏炎性假瘤的CT及MRI征象

目的:探讨肝脏炎性假瘤的CT和MRI表现。方法:8例经手术病理证实的肝脏炎性假瘤。男5例,女3例,年龄35~65岁,平均53岁。8例均作CT平扫及增强扫描,其中3例行MR对比检查。结果:CT表现为1 个病灶6 例,2个病灶2例,共发现病灶10个。平扫9个病灶表现为低密度,1 个病灶表现为稍高密度。动态增强扫描2 个病灶动脉期显著强化,门脉期及延迟期中度强化;8个病灶动脉期无明显强化,门脉期及延迟期有不同方式的强化,主要表现为周边完整或不完整的环形或结节状强化,中心核心样强化及线状或不规则分隔样强化。MRI表现为2 例病灶T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,1例病灶T1WI及T2WI均为等信号,动态增强扫描与CT相仿。结论:肝脏炎性假瘤的CT及MRI表现因其病理阶段不同而表现各异,诊断需结合临床,确诊尚依靠病理检查。     

肝脏囊性转移瘤的CT和MR征象的比较

目的:分析肝脏囊性转移瘤在CT和MR上的表现,比较CT和MR检查对囊性转移瘤的临床诊断价值.材料和方法:18例(共52个病灶)肝脏囊性转移瘤中10例行CT平扫和增强门脉期扫描.8例行MR T1WI和FMP-SPGR多期动态增强扫描.观察肿瘤的大小、形态、数目、囊壁和壁结节的强化情况.结果:2例为单发病灶外,其余均为多发病灶.病灶呈类圆形或椭圆形.CT上8例见到囊壁不规则增厚,其中6例可见向囊腔内突起的壁结节,1例内有分隔.2例薄壁且均匀的病灶误诊为肝囊肿.T1WI上,7例为低信号,1例为混杂信号.T2WI上,病灶均为明显高信号,2例信号均匀,6例信号不均匀,可见到壁结节为略低信号.增强动脉期所有病灶均无强化表现,门脉期和延迟期,可见到边缘环形强化和壁结节的强化.也有1例见到分隔.结论:CT和MR均可显示肝脏囊性转移瘤的特征,MR在显示病灶的出血、囊变、分隔和囊壁的情况等比CT更为敏感、可靠,在鉴别诊断方面价值更大.