中国儿童乙型肝炎疫苗预防接种效果分析

目的了解中国现阶段儿童乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染现状,评价乙肝疫苗(HepB)纳入儿童计划免疫管理所取得的效果。方法利用“2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查”保留的血清开展HBV相关指标血清学检测。以美国Abbott公司乙肝酶联免疫吸附试验(EILSA)试剂为标准选择我国乙肝ELISA检测试剂,并用固相放射免疫(SPRIA)方法校对检测结果。结果①中国3~12岁儿童乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率、HBV感染流行率经调整后分别为5.03%、29.10%;疫苗免疫人群分别为3.63%、26.88%;未接种疫苗人群分别为11.19%、47.03%。②中国3~12岁儿童城市、农村HBsAg阳性率分别为2.07%、8.17%;疫苗免疫人群分别为1.96%、6.65%;未接种疫苗人群分别为2.39%、10.84%。结论我国3~12岁儿童HBsAg阳性率、HBV流行率明显下降,HepB纳入儿童计划免疫管理效果显著。

Seroepidemiological Study on Hepatitis B in Chinese Children

Objective To better understand and measure the effect from 10-year immunization activities,we conducted seroepidemiological study using the remaining blood samples of the nationwide survey of Nutrition and Health in Chinese residents in 2002.Methods HBsAg,anti-HBs and anti-HBc in blood samples were tested using ELISA reagents and revised by SPRIA and Abbott ELISA reagents.Results Among the children aged(3-12) yearold,the prevalence rate of HBsAg is 5.03%,the rate of HBV infection is 29.10%. For the vaccinated children,the rates are 3.63% and 26.88% respectively.For the unvaccinated children,the rates are 11.19% and 47.03% respectively.Among the children,the rate of HBsAg is 2.07% in urban areas and 8.17% in rural areas.For the vaccinated children,the rate of HBsAg is 1.96% in urban areas and 6.65% in rural areas. For the unvaccinated children,the rate of HBsAg is 2.39% in urban areas and 10.84% in rural areas.Conclusion The prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV infection have obviously declined in the children aged 3-12 year-old.And the effect from 10-years immunization activities has achieved great success.